Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Viruses Viroids and Prions

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Question 1

How do all viruses differ from bacteria?

A	Viruses are filterable.
B	Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.
C	Viruses do not have any nucleic acid.
D	Viruses are not composed of cells.
E	Viruses do not reproduce.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about viruses is FALSE?

A	Viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both.
B	Viruses contain a protein coat.
C	Viruses use the anabolic machinery of the cell.
D	Viruses use their own catabolic enzymes.
E	Viruses have genes.

Question 3

A lytic virus has infected a patient. Which of the following would best describe what is happening inside the patient?

A	The virus is causing the death of the infected cells in the patient.
B	The virus is not killing any cells in the host.
C	The virus is incorporating its nucleic acid with that of the patient's cells.
D	The virus is slowly killing the patient's cells.
E	The virus is infecting cells and then releasing only small amounts of virus.

Question 4

The following steps occur during multiplication of herpesviruses. Which is the third step?

A	attachment
B	biosynthesis
C	penetration
D	release
E	uncoating

Question 5

The following steps occur during multiplication of retroviruses. Which is the fourth step?

A	synthesis of double-stranded DNA
B	synthesis of +RNA
C	attachment
D	penetration
E	uncoating

Question 6

Oncogenic viruses

A	cause acute infections.
B	are genetically unstable.
C	cause tumors to develop.
D	are lytic viruses that kill the host cell.
E	have no effect on the host cell.

Question 7

Which one of the following steps does NOT occur during multiplication of a picornavirus?

A	synthesis of + strands of RNA
B	synthesis of - strands of RNA
C	synthesis of viral proteins
D	synthesis of DNA
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 8

Which of the following is most likely a product of an early gene?

A	capsid proteins
B	DNA polymerase
C	envelope proteins
D	spike proteins
E	lysozyme

Question 9

Most RNA viruses carry which of the following enzymes?

A	DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
B	lysozyme
C	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
D	reverse transcriptase
E	ATP synthase

Question 10

The following steps occur during biosynthesis of a + strand RNA virus. What is the third step?

A	attachment
B	penetration and uncoating
C	synthesis of - strand RNA
D	synthesis of + strand RNA
E	synthesis of viral proteins

Question 11

What contributes to antigenic shift in influenza viruses?

A	worldwide distribution of the virus
B	a segmented genome
C	attachment spikes
D	ease of virus transmission
E	different virus subtypes

Question 12

________ were first identified in cancer-causing viruses and can induce ________ in infected cells.

A	Herpes viruses; lesions
B	Oncogenes; transformation
C	T antigens; lysis
D	Glycoprotein spikes; syncytia formation
E	Segmented genomes; reassortment

Question 13

DNA made from an RNA template will be incorporated into the virus capsid of

A	Retroviridae.
B	Herpesviridae.
C	Hepadnaviridae.
D	bacteriophage families.
E	influenzavirus.

Question 14

Viruses that utilize reverse transcriptase belong to the virus families

A	Retroviridae and Picornaviridae.
B	Herpesviridae and Retroviridae.
C	Hepadnaviridae and Retroviridae.
D	Herpesviridae and Poxviridae.
E	Rhabdoviridae and Herpesviridae.

Question 15

Lysogeny can result in all of the following EXCEPT

A	immunity to reinfection by the same phage.
B	acquisition of new characteristics by the host cell.
C	immunity to reinfection by any phage.
D	specialized transduction.
E	phage conversion.

Question 16

Which of the following statements provides the most significant support for the idea that viruses are nonliving chemicals?

A	They are not composed of cells.
B	They are filterable.
C	They cannot reproduce themselves outside a host.
D	They cause diseases similar to those caused by chemicals.
E	They are chemically simple.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about viral spikes is FALSE?

A	They are composed of carbohydrate-protein complexes.
B	They are used for attachment.
C	They may cause hemagglutination.
D	They bind to receptors on the host cell surface.
E	They are found only on nonenveloped viruses.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion to classify viruses?

A	biochemical tests
B	morphology
C	nucleic acid
D	size
E	number of capsomeres

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT utilized to culture viruses?

A	laboratory animals
B	culture media
C	embryonated eggs
D	animal cell cultures
E	bacterial cultures

Question 20

Bacteriophages and animal viruses do NOT differ significantly in which one of the following steps?

A	attachment
B	penetration
C	uncoating
D	biosynthesis
E	release

Question 21

The definition of lysogeny is

A	phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA.
B	lysis of the host cell due to a phage.
C	the period during replication when virions are not present.
D	when the burst time takes an unusually long time.
E	attachment of a phage to a cell.

Question 22

A viroid is a(n)

A	complete, infectious virus particle.
B	infectious piece of RNA without a capsid.
C	capsid without nucleic acid.
D	provirus.
E	infectious protein.

Question 23

A clear area against a confluent "lawn" of bacteria is called a

A	phage.
B	pock.
C	cell lysis.
D	plaque.
E	rash.

Question 24

Continuous cell lines differ from primary cell lines in that

A	viruses can be grown in continuous cell lines.
B	continuous cell lines always have to be re-isolated from animal tissues.
C	continuous cell lines are derived from primary cell lines.
D	continuous cell lines can be maintained through an indefinite number of generations.
E	continuous cell lines are from human embryos.

Question 25

Which of the following is necessary for replication of a prion?

A	DNA
B	DNA polymerase
C	lysozyme
D	PrPSc
E	RNA

Question 26

A persistent infection is one in which

A	the virus remains in equilibrium with the host without causing a disease.
B	viral replication is unusually slow.
C	the disease process occurs gradually over a long period.
D	host cells are gradually lysed.
E	host cells are transformed.

Question 27

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A	A prophage is phage DNA inserted into a bacterial chromosome.
B	A prophage can "pop" out of the chromosome.
C	Prophage genes are repressed by a repressor protein coded for by the prophage.
D	A prophage may result in new properties of the host cell.
E	The prophage makes the host cell immune to infection by other phages.

Question 28

A viral species is a group of viruses that

A	has the same morphology and nucleic acid.
B	has the same genetic information and ecological niche.
C	infects the same cells and cause the same disease.
D	cannot be defined.

Question 29

An infectious protein is a

A	bacteriophage.
B	prion.
C	retrovirus.
D	viroid.
E	papovavirus.

Question 30

An envelope is acquired during which of the following steps?

A	penetration
B	adsorption
C	uncoating
D	biosynthesis
E	release

Question 31

Which of the following statements is NOT true of lysogeny?

A	It can give infected pathogens the genetic information for toxin production.
B	Prophage is inserted into the host genome.
C	Lytic cycle may follow lysogeny.
D	It is a "silent" infection; the virus does not replicate.
E	It causes lysis of host cells.

Question 32

An example of a latent viral infection is

A	subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
B	cold sores.
C	influenza.
D	smallpox.
E	mumps.

Question 33

A virus's ability to infect an animal cell depends primarily upon the

A	host cell's ability to phagocytize viral particles.
B	presence of receptor sites on the cell membrane.
C	type of viral nucleic acid.
D	enzymatic activity of a host cell.
E	presence of pili on the host cell wall.

Question 34

Assume you have isolated an unknown virus. This virus has a single, positive sense strand of RNA, and possesses an envelope. To which group does it most likely belong?

A	herpesvirus
B	picornavirus
C	retrovirus
D	togavirus
E	papovavirus

Question 35

The mechanism whereby an enveloped virus leaves a host cell is called

A	transduction.
B	budding.
C	abduction.
D	lysogeny.
E	penetration.

Question 36

The most conclusive evidence that viruses cause cancers is provided by

A	finding oncogenes in viruses.
B	the presence of antibodies against viruses in cancer patients.
C	cancer following injection of cell-free filtrates.
D	treating cancer with antibodies.
E	some liver cancer patients having had hepatitis.

Question 37

Bacteriophages derive all of the following from the host cell EXCEPT

A	lysozyme.
B	tRNA.
C	amino acids.
D	nucleotides.
E	ATP.

Question 38

Bacteriophage replication differs from animal virus replication because only bacteriophage replication involves

A	adsorption to specific receptors.
B	assembly of viral components.
C	replication of viral nucleic acid.
D	injection of naked nucleic acid into the host cell.
E	lysis of the host cell.

Question 39

Generally, in an infection caused by a DNA-containing virus, the host animal cell supplies all of the following EXCEPT

A	RNA polymerase.
B	nucleotides.
C	DNA polymerase.
D	tRNA.
E	None of the answers are correct; all of these are supplied by the host animal cell.

Question 40

Which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a virus with a - (minus) strand of RNA?

A	synthesis of DNA from an RNA template
B	synthesis of double-stranded RNA from an RNA template
C	synthesis of double-stranded RNA from a DNA template
D	transcription of mRNA from DNA
E	synthesis of DNA from a DNA template

Question 41

Some viruses, such as human herpesvirus 1, infect a cell without causing symptoms. These are called

A	latent viruses.
B	lytic viruses.
C	phages.
D	slow viruses.
E	unconventional viruses.

Question 42

Which of the following places these items in the correct order for DNA-virus replication? 1. Maturation 2. DNA synthesis 3. Transcription 4. Translation

A	1; 2; 3; 4
B	2; 3; 4; 1
C	3; 4; 1; 2
D	4; 1; 2; 3
E	4; 3; 2; 1

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