Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology The Control Of Microbial Growth

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Question 1

Which of the following is the best method to sterilize heat-labile solutions?

A	dry heat
B	autoclave
C	membrane filtration
D	pasteurization
E	freezing

Question 2

Bone and tendons for transplant are decontaminated by

A	ethylene oxide.
B	glutaraldehyde.
C	peroxygens.
D	plasma sterilization.
E	supercritical fluids.

Question 3

All of the following are methods of food preservation EXCEPT

A	desiccation.
B	high pressure.
C	ionizing radiation.
D	microwaves.
E	osmotic pressure.

Question 4

All of the following substances are used to preserve foods EXCEPT

A	biguanides.
B	nisin.
C	potassium sorbate.
D	sodium nitrite.
E	calcium propionate.

Question 5

Ethylene oxide

A	is a good antiseptic.
B	is not sporicidal.
C	requires high heat to be effective.
D	is a sterilizing agent.
E	is the active chemical in household bleach.

Question 6

An iodophor is a(n)

A	phenol.
B	agent that reduces oxygen.
C	quaternary ammonium compound.
D	form of formaldehyde.
E	iodine mixed with a surfactant.

Question 7

Which of the following results in lethal damage to nucleic acids?

A	heat
B	radiation
C	certain chemicals
D	heat and radiation
E	heat, radiation, and some chemicals

Question 8

Which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is FALSE?

A	Contaminating organic debris such as blood or sputum will decrease effectiveness.
B	Some agents kill by denaturing microbial cell proteins.
C	Some agents affect microbial cell membranes by dissolving lipids.
D	Some agents are utilized as both an antiseptic and a disinfectant.
E	A true antimicrobial control agent is equally effective against both bacteria and viruses.

Question 9

Which of the following could be used to sterilize plastic Petri plates in a plastic wrapper?

A	autoclave
B	gamma radiation
C	microwaves
D	sunlight
E	ultraviolet radiation

Question 10

All of the following factors contribute to hospital-acquired infections EXCEPT

A	some bacteria metabolize disinfectants.
B	gram-negative bacteria are often resistant to disinfectants.
C	invasive procedures can provide a portal of entry for bacteria.
D	bacteria may be present in commercial products such as mouthwash.
E	None of the answers is correct; all of these factors may contribute to hospital-acquired infection.

Question 11

Which one of the following is most resistant to chemical biocides?

A	gram-negative bacteria
B	gram-positive bacteria
C	mycobacteria
D	protozoan cysts
E	viruses with lipid envelopes

Question 12

Which of the following methods is used to preserve food by slowing the metabolic processes of foodborne microbes?

A	lyophilization
B	nonionizing radiation
C	freezing
D	ionizing radiation
E	pasteurization

Question 13

All of the following substances are effective against nonenveloped viruses EXCEPT

A	alcohol.
B	chlorine.
C	ethylene oxide.
D	ozone.
E	None of the answers is correct; all of these are equally effective against nonenveloped viruses.

Question 14

The following is true of quarternary ammonium compounds EXCEPT

A	they are non-toxic at lower concentrations.
B	they are tasteless.
C	they are effective when combined with soaps.
D	they are stable.
E	they may be an ingredient in mouthwash.

Question 15

Oxidizing agents include all of the following EXCEPT

A	chlorine.
B	glutaraldehyde.
C	hydrogen peroxide.
D	iodine.
E	ozone.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the pattern of microbial death?

A	The cells in a population die at a constant rate.
B	All the cells in a culture die at once.
C	Not all of the cells in a culture are killed.
D	The pattern varies depending on the antimicrobial agent.
E	The pattern varies depending on the species.

Question 17

Which of the following chemical agents is used for sterilization?

A	alcohol
B	phenolics
C	ethylene oxide
D	chlorine
E	soap

Question 18

Which of the following substances is used for surgical hand scrubs?

A	phenol
B	chlorine bleach
C	chlorhexidine
D	soap
E	glutaraldehyde

Question 19

Which of the following pairs of terms is mismatched?

A	bacteriostatic — kills vegetative bacterial cells
B	germicide — kills microbes
C	virucide — inactivates viruses
D	sterilant — destroys all living microorganisms
E	fungicide — kills yeasts and molds

Question 20

Disinfection of water is achieved by all of the following EXCEPT

A	ozone.
B	UV radiation.
C	chlorine.
D	copper sulfate.
E	peracetic acid.

Question 21

Which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is FALSE?

A	Contaminating organic debris such as blood or sputum decrease effectiveness.
B	Some agents kill by denaturing microbial cell proteins.
C	Some agents affect microbial cell membranes by dissolving lipids.
D	Silver is used for treating antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
E	Alcohols effectively inactivate nonenveloped viruses by attacking lipids.

Question 22

The antimicrobial activity of chlorine is due to which of the following?

A	the formation of hypochlorous acid
B	the formation of hydrochloric acid
C	the formation of ozone
D	the formation of a hypochlorite ion
E	disruption of the plasma membrane

Question 23

Which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave?

A	It requires an excessively long time to achieve sterilization.
B	It cannot inactivate viruses.
C	It cannot kill endospores.
D	It cannot be used with heat-labile materials.
E	It cannot be used with glassware.

Question 24

An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet would most accurately be called a(n)

A	disinfectant.
B	antiseptic.
C	aseptic.
D	fungicide.
E	virucide.

Question 25

Application of heat to living cells can result in all of the following EXCEPT

A	breaking of hydrogen bonds.
B	alteration of membrane permeability.
C	denaturation of enzymes.
D	decreased thermal death time.
E	damage to nucleic acids.

Question 26

Which of the following disinfectants acts by disrupting the plasma membrane?

A	soaps
B	aldehydes
C	bisphenols
D	halogens
E	heavy metals

Question 27

Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization?

A	dry heat
B	pasteurization
C	autoclave
D	supercritical fluids
E	ethylene oxide

Question 28

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A	ionizing radiation — hydroxyl radicals
B	ozone — takes electrons from substances
C	plasma sterilization — free radicals
D	supercritical fluids — CO2
E	ultraviolet radiation — desiccation

Question 29

The preservation of beef jerky from microbial growth relies on which method of microbial control?

A	filtration
B	lyophilization
C	desiccation
D	ionizing radiation
E	supercritical CO2

Question 30

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A	Ag — wound dressings
B	alcohols — open wounds
C	CuSO4 — algicide
D	H2O2 — open wounds
E	organic acids — food preservation

Question 31

Which of the following treatments is the most effective for controlling microbial growth?

A	63°C for 30 minutes
B	72°C for 15 seconds
C	140°C for 4 seconds
D	They are equivalent treatments.
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 32

Which concentration of ethanol is the most effective bactericide?

A	100 percent
B	70 percent
C	50 percent
D	40 percent
E	30 percent

Question 33

If you were preparing nutrient agar at home and did not have an autoclave, what could you use to sterilize the nutrient agar?

A	bleach
B	boiling for one hour
C	hydrogen peroxide
D	oven at 121°C for one hour
E	pressure cooker at 121°C for 15 minutes

Question 34

All of the following are effective for destroying prions EXCEPT

A	boiling.
B	incineration.
C	NaOH + autoclaving at 134°C.
D	proteases.
E	None of the answers are correct; each of these will destroy prions.

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