Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

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Question 1

A commensal bacterium

A	does not receive any benefit from its host.
B	is beneficial to its host.
C	may also be an opportunistic pathogen.
D	isn't capable of causing disease in its host.
E	always causes disease in its host.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an example of microbial antagonism?

A	acid production by bacteria
B	bacteriocin production
C	bacteria occupying host receptors
D	bacteria causing disease
E	bacteria producing vitamin K

Question 3

The yeast Candida albicans does not normally cause disease because of

A	symbiotic bacteria.
B	antagonistic bacteria.
C	parasitic bacteria.
D	commensal bacteria.
E	other fungi.

Question 4

If a prodromal period exists for a certain disease, it should occur prior to

A	incubation.
B	illness.
C	decline.
D	convalescence.

Question 5

Which one of the following is NOT a zoonosis?

A	cat-scratch disease
B	Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
C	rabies
D	tapeworm
E	All of these are zoonoses.

Question 6

Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery. This is an example of a

A	communicable disease.
B	latent infection.
C	nosocomial infection.
D	sporadic disease.
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

In which of the following patterns of disease does the patient experience no signs or symptoms?

A	prodromal
B	decline
C	convalescence
D	incubation
E	both incubation and convalescence

Question 8

In which of the following diseases can gender be considered a viable predisposing factor?

A	urinary tract infections
B	pneumonia
C	salmonellosis
D	tetanus
E	anthrax

Question 9

A needlestick is an example of

A	direct contact.
B	droplet transmission.
C	indirect contact transmission by fomite.
D	direct biological transmission by vector.
E	vehicle transmission.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A	Both members are harmed in a symbiotic relationship.
B	Members of a symbiotic relationship cannot live without each other.
C	A parasite is not in symbiosis with its host.
D	Symbiosis always refers to different organisms living together and benefiting from each other.
E	At least one member must benefit in a symbiotic relationship.

Question 11

A nosocomial infection is

A	always present, but is inapparent at the time of hospitalization.
B	acquired during the course of hospitalization.
C	always caused by medical personnel.
D	only a result of surgery.
E	always caused by pathogenic bacteria.

Question 12

The major significance of Robert Koch's work is that

A	microorganisms are present in a diseased animal.
B	diseases can be transmitted from one animal to another.
C	microorganisms can be cultured.
D	microorganisms cause disease.
E	microorganisms are the result of disease.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a verified exception in the use of Koch's postulates?

A	Some diseases have poorly defined etiologies.
B	Some pathogens can cause several disease conditions.
C	Some human diseases have no other known animal host.
D	Some diseases are not caused by microbes.
E	Some diseases are noncommunicable.

Question 14

Which of the following diseases is NOT spread by droplet infection?

A	botulism
B	tuberculosis
C	measles
D	the common cold
E	diphtheria

Question 15

Biological transmission differs from mechanical transmission in that biological transmission

A	occurs when a pathogen is carried on the feet of an insect.
B	involves fomites.
C	involves reproduction of a pathogen in an arthropod vector prior to transmission.
D	requires direct contact.
E	works only with noncommunicable diseases.

Question 16

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

A	endemic: a disease that is constantly present in a population
B	epidemic: a disease that is endemic across the world
C	pandemic: a disease that affects a large number of people in the world in a short time
D	sporadic: a disease that affects a population occasionally
E	incidence: number of new cases of a disease

Question 17

Focal infections initially start out as

A	sepsis.
B	bacteremia.
C	local infections.
D	septicemia.
E	systemic infections.

Question 18

The rise in herd immunity amongst a population can be directly attributed to

A	increased use of antibiotics.
B	improved handwashing.
C	vaccinations.
D	antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 19

Koch observed Bacillus anthracis multiplying in the blood of cattle. What is this condition called?

A	bacteremia
B	focal infection
C	local infection
D	septicemia
E	systemic infection

Question 20

Which one of the following does NOT contribute to the incidence of nosocomial infections?

A	antibiotic resistance
B	lapse in aseptic techniques
C	gram-negative cell walls
D	lack of handwashing
E	lack of insect control

Question 21

Transient microbiota differ from normal microbiota in that transient microbiota

A	cause diseases.
B	are found in a certain location on the host.
C	are always acquired by direct contact.
D	are present for a relatively short time.
E	never cause disease.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about nosocomial infections is FALSE?

A	They occur in compromised patients.
B	They may be caused by opportunists.
C	They may be caused by drug-resistant bacteria.
D	They may be caused by normal microbiota.
E	The patient was infected before hospitalization.

Question 23

One effect of washing regularly with antibacterial agents is the removal of normal microbiota. This can result in

A	body odor.
B	fewer diseases.
C	increased susceptibility to disease.
D	normal microbiota returning immediately.
E	no bacterial growth because washing removes their food source.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a reservoir of infection?

A	a sick person
B	a healthy person
C	a sick animal
D	a hospital
E	None of the answers is correct; all of these can be reservoirs of infection.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a communicable disease?

A	malaria
B	AIDS
C	tuberculosis
D	tetanus
E	typhoid fever

Question 26

Which of the following is a fomite?

A	water
B	droplets from a sneeze
C	pus
D	insects
E	a hypodermic needle

Question 27

Which of the following statements about biological transmission is FALSE?

A	The pathogen reproduces in the vector.
B	The pathogen may enter the host in the vector's feces.
C	Houseflies are an important vector.
D	The pathogen may be injected by the bite of the vector.
E	The pathogen may require the vector as a host.

Question 28

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

A	acute: a short-lasting primary infection
B	inapparent: infection characteristic of a carrier state
C	chronic: a disease that develops slowly and lasts for months
D	primary infection: an initial illness
E	secondary infection: a long-lasting illness

Question 29

Symptoms of disease differ from signs of disease in that symptoms

A	are changes felt by the patient.
B	are changes observed by the physician.
C	are specific for a particular disease.
D	always occur as part of a syndrome.
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 30

The science that deals with when diseases occur and how they are transmitted is called

A	ecology.
B	epidemiology.
C	communicable disease.
D	morbidity and mortality.
E	public health.

Question 31

Emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT

A	antibiotic resistance.
B	climatic changes.
C	new strains of previously known agents.
D	ease of travel.
E	The emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of these.

Question 32

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A	malaria — vector
B	salmonellosis — vehicle transmission
C	syphilis — direct contact
D	influenza — droplet infection
E	None of the pairs is mismatched.

Question 33

Which of the following can contribute to postoperative infections?

A	using syringes more than once
B	normal microbiota on the operating room staff
C	errors in aseptic technique
D	antibiotic resistance
E	All of the answers are correct.

Question 34

A cold transmitted by a facial tissue is an example of

A	direct contact.
B	droplet transmission.
C	fomite.
D	vector.
E	vehicle transmission.

Question 35

A researcher has performed a prospective study on a disease. To which specific kind of epidemiological study is this referring?

A	analytical
B	case control
C	descriptive
D	experimental
E	prodromal

Question 36

The CDC is located in

A	Atlanta, GA.
B	Washington, DC.
C	New York City, NY.
D	Los Angeles, CA.
E	Chicago, IL.

Question 37

A disease in which the causative agent remains inactive for a time before producing symptoms is referred to as

A	subacute.
B	subclinical.
C	latent.
D	zoonotic.
E	acute.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor of disease?

A	lifestyle
B	genetic background
C	climate
D	occupation
E	All of these are predisposing factors of disease.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A	Antimicrobial therapy for hemodialysis-associated infections increases antibiotic resistance.
B	S. aureus is differentiated from other mannitol+ cocci by the coagulase test.
C	The M in MRSA stands for mannitol.
D	The USA100 strain accounts for most hospital-acquired MRSA.
E	The USA300 strain accounts for most community-acquired MRSA.

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Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

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