Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology-Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

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Question 1

Which microscope is most useful for visualizing a biofilm?

A	compound light microscope
B	phase-contrast microscope
C	fluorescence microscope
D	scanning acoustic microscope
E	transmission electron microscope

Question 2

Which microscope takes advantage of differences in the refractive indexes of cell structures?

A	compound light microscope
B	phase-contrast microscope
C	darkfield microscope
D	fluorescence microscope
E	electron microscope

Question 3

You are performing a Gram stain on gram-positive bacteria and you stop after the addition of the first dye. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point?

A	purple
B	red
C	colorless
D	brown

Question 4

You are performing a Gram stain on gram-negative bacteria and you stop after the addition of the mordant. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point?

A	purple
B	red
C	colorless
D	brown

Question 5

You are performing a Gram stain on gram-negative bacteria and you stop after the decolorizer step. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point?

A	purple
B	red
C	colorless
D	brown

Question 6

You are performing a Gram stain on gram-positive bacteria and you stop after the addition of the counterstain. What is the appearance of the bacteria at this point?

A	purple
B	red
C	colorless
D	brown

Question 7

Which type of stain is most useful in helping clinicians to decide which antibiotic to prescribe for a bacterial infection?

A	negative stain
B	simple stain
C	Gram stain
D	endospore stain
E	flagella stain

Question 8

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A	confocal microscope - produces a three-dimensional image
B	darkfield microscope - uses visible light
C	fluorescence microscope - uses a fluorescent light
D	scanning electron microscope - produces a three-dimensional image
E	scanning tunneling microscope - allows visualization of atoms

Question 9

Which microscope uses two beams of light to produce a three-dimensional color image?

A	fluorescence microscope
B	phase-contrast microscope
C	darkfield microscope
D	DIC microscope
E	electron microscope

Question 10

Which microscope is used to see intracellular detail in a living cell?

A	fluorescence microscope
B	two-photon microscope
C	atomic force microscope
D	transmission electron microscope
E	brightfield microscope

Question 11

Which microscope is used to observe viruses and the internal structure of thinly sectioned cells?

A	transmission electron microscope
B	darkfield microscope
C	fluorescence microscope
D	brightfield microscope
E	scanning electron microscope

Question 12

Assume you stain Bacillus by applying malachite green with heat and then counterstaining with safranin. Through the microscope, the green structures are

A	cell walls.
B	capsules.
C	endospores.
D	flagella.
E	The answer cannot be determined.

Question 13

Which step in the Gram stain is the critical step in differentiating gram-positive cells from gram-negative cells?

A	safranin
B	alcohol-acetone
C	iodine
D	crystal violet

Question 14

You find colorless areas in cells in a Gram-stained smear. What should you apply next?

A	an acid-fast stain
B	a flagella stain
C	a capsule stain
D	an endospore stain
E	a simple stain

Question 15

Which microscope is best used for observing the surfaces of intact cells and viruses?

A	phase-contrast microscope
B	darkfield microscope
C	fluorescence microscope
D	brightfield microscope
E	scanning electron microscope

Question 16

Bacterial smears are fixed before staining to

A	affix the cells to the slide.
B	make their walls permeable.
C	accept stain.
D	make the cells visible.

Question 17

The resolution of a microscope can be improved by changing the

A	condenser.
B	fine adjustment.
C	wavelength of light.
D	diaphragm.
E	coarse adjustment.

Question 18

A student is looking at a bacterial specimen using the oil immersion lens, but has forgotten to put immersion oil on the slide. The specimen will appear

A	smaller than it would if immersion oil was used.
B	larger than it would if immersion oil was used.
C	somewhat fuzzy and have poor resolution.
D	the same as it would if the immersion oil was used.
E	to have no color.

Question 19

The purpose of the ocular lens is to

A	improve resolution.
B	magnify the image from the objective lens.
C	decrease the refractive index.
D	increase the light.
E	decrease the light.

Question 20

Which microscope is used to observe a specimen that emits light when illuminated with an ultraviolet light?

A	compound light microscope
B	phase-contrast microscope
C	darkfield microscope
D	fluorescence microscope
E	electron microscope

Question 21

In microscopy, the term resolution

A	refers to the ability to distinguish fine structure and detail in a specimen.
B	is the same as the total magnification of a specimen.
C	is improved when longer wavelengths of light are employed.
D	is only observed in stained specimens.
E	refers to magnification when using the electron microscope.

Question 22

Which of the following correctly traces the path of light through the compound microscope?

A	light source; condenser; specimen; objective lens; ocular lens
B	condenser; light source; specimen; ocular lens; objective lens
C	light source; specimen; condenser; objective lens; ocular lens
D	condenser; light source; specimen; objective lens; ocular lens
E	light source; condenser; objective lens; specimen; ocular lens

Question 23

What structure does light pass through after leaving the condenser in a compound light microscope?

A	ocular lens
B	objective lens
C	specimen
D	illuminator

Question 24

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A	nigrosin - negative stain
B	methylene blue - simple stain
C	acidic dye - capsule stain
D	basic dye - negative stain
E	crystal violet - simple stain

Question 25

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A	alcohol-acetone — decolorizer
B	crystal violet — basic dye
C	safranin — acid dye
D	iodine — mordant
E	carbolfuchsin — basic dye

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the acid-fast stain?

A	It is used to identify members of the genus Mycobacterium.
B	Acid-fast cells retain the primary dye after treatment with acid-alcohol.
C	If cells are acid-fast, they are gram-negative.
D	Acid-fast cells appear red in a completed acid-fast stain.
E	Non-acid-fast microbes appear blue in a completed acid-fast stain.

Question 27

The purpose of a mordant in the Gram stain is to

A	remove the simple stain.
B	make the bacterial cells larger.
C	make the flagella visible.
D	prevent the crystal violet from leaving the cells.
E	make gram-negative cells visible.

Question 28

The negative stain is used to

A	visualize endospores.
B	determine Gram reaction.
C	determine flagella arrangement.
D	visualize capsules.
E	determine cell size.

Question 29

Which microscope can be used to visualize DNA or botulinum toxin?

A	compound light microscope
B	phase-contrast microscope
C	scanning tunneling microscope
D	confocal microscope
E	scanning electron microscope

Question 30

Which microscope is used to see internal structures of cells in a natural state?

A	compound light microscope
B	phase-contrast microscope
C	darkfield microscope
D	fluorescence microscope
E	electron microscope

Question 31

Simple staining is often necessary to improve contrast in which microscope?

A	compound light microscope
B	phase-contrast microscope
C	darkfield microscope
D	fluorescence microscope
E	electron microscope

Question 32

Which microscope uses visible light?

A	confocal microscope
B	differential interference contrast microscope
C	fluorescence microscope
D	scanning acoustic microscope
E	scanning electron microscope

Question 33

Which microscope achieves the highest magnification and greatest resolution?

A	compound light microscope
B	phase-contrast microscope
C	darkfield microscope
D	fluorescence microscope
E	electron microscope

Question 34

In using this microscope, the observer does NOT look directly at an image through a lens.

A	compound light microscope
B	phase-contrast microscope
C	darkfield microscope
D	fluorescence microscope
E	electron microscope

Question 35

This microscope produces an image of a light cell against a dark background; internal structures are NOT visible.

A	compound light microscope
B	phase-contrast microscope
C	darkfield microscope
D	fluorescence microscope
E	electron microscope

Question 36

Which of the following is never useful for observing living cells?

A	phase-contrast microscope
B	darkfield microscope
C	scanning acoustic microscope
D	scanning electron microscope
E	brightfield microscope

Question 37

Which of the following places the steps in the correct sequence? 1-Staining2-Making a smear3-Fixing

A	1-2-3
B	3-2-1
C	2-3-1
D	1-3-2
E	The order is unimportant.

Question 38

Which of the following places the steps of the Gram stain in the correct order? 1-Alcohol-acetone2-Crystal violet3-Safranin4-Iodine

A	1-2-3-4
B	2-1-4-3
C	2-4-1-3
D	4-3-2-1
E	1-3-2-4

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT equal to 1 mm?

A	0.001 m
B	106 nm
C	0.1 cm
D	100 μm
E	10-3 m

Question 40

A microorganism measures 5 μm in length. Its length in mm would be

A	500 mm.
B	50 mm.
C	0.5 mm.
D	0.05 mm.
E	0.005 mm.

Question 41

What is the total magnification of a specimen viewed with a 10x ocular lens and a 45x objective lens?

A	4.5x
B	10x
C	45x
D	100x
E	450x

Question 42

A virus measures 100 nm in length. What is its length in μm?

A	10 μm
B	1 μm
C	0.1 μm
D	0.01 μm
E	0.001 μm

Question 43

You are studying a cell structure that is approximately 100 nm in size. Which of the following provides the greatest magnification you can use to see this structure?

A	brightfield microscope
B	darkfield microscope
C	transmission electron microscope
D	phase-contrast microscope
E	scanning electron microscope

Question 44

Which microscope is used to see detail of a 300-nm virus?

A	fluorescence microscope
B	phase-contrast microscope
C	darkfield microscope
D	DIC microscope
E	electron microscope

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