Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Microbial Genetics

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Question 1

A gene is best defined as

A	any random segment of DNA.
B	three nucleotides that code for an amino acid.
C	a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that codes for a functional product.
D	a sequence of nucleotides in RNA that codes for a functional product.
E	the RNA product of a transcribed section of DNA.

Question 2

The cancer gene ras produces mRNA containing an extra exon that includes a number of UAA codons. Cancer cells produce ras mRNA missing this exon. This mistake most likely is due to a mistake by

A	a chemical mutagen.
B	DNA polymerase.
C	photolyases.
D	snRNPs.
E	UV radiation.

Question 3

Repair of damaged DNA, in some instances and mechanisms, might be viewed as a race between an endonuclease and

A	DNA ligase.
B	DNA polymerase.
C	helicase.
D	methylase.
E	primase.

Question 4

An enzyme that catalyzes the cutting and resealing of DNA, and is translated from insertion sequences, is

A	RNA polymerase.
B	DNA ligase.
C	DNA helicase.
D	transposase.
E	DNA polymerase.

Question 5

An enzyme that copies DNA to make a molecule of RNA is

A	RNA polymerase.
B	DNA ligase.
C	DNA helicase.
D	transposase.
E	DNA polymerase.

Question 6

An enzyme that makes covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate groups in another nucleotide in DNA is

A	RNA polymerase.
B	DNA ligase
C	DNA helicase.
D	transposase.
E	DNA polymerase.

Question 7

If you knew the sequence of nucleotides within a gene, which one of the following could you determine with the most accuracy?

A	the primary structure of the protein
B	the secondary structure of the protein
C	the tertiary structure of the protein
D	the quaternary structure of the protein
E	The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 8

The mechanism by which the presence of glucose inhibits the lac operon is

A	catabolite repression.
B	translation.
C	DNA polymerase.
D	repression.
E	induction.

Question 9

The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA polymerase is from Thermus aquaticus, and the template is from a human cell. The DNA synthesized would be most similar to

A	human DNA.
B	T. aquaticus DNA.
C	a mixture of human and T. aquaticus DNA.
D	human RNA.
E	T. aquaticus RNA.

Question 10

Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation

A	replicates DNA.
B	transfers DNA vertically, to new cells.
C	transfers DNA horizontally, to nearby cells without those cells undergoing replication.
D	transcribes DNA to RNA.
E	copies RNA to make DNA.

Question 11

The damage caused by ultraviolet radiation is

A	never repaired.
B	repaired during transcription.
C	repaired during translation.
D	cut out and replaced.
E	repaired by DNA replication.

Question 12

The miRNAs in a cell

A	are found in prokaryotic cells.
B	are a part of the prokaryotic ribosome.
C	are a part of the eukaryotic ribosome.
D	allow different cells to produce different proteins.
E	are responsible for inducing operons.

Question 13

Synthesis of a repressible enzyme is stopped by the

A	allosteric transition.
B	substrate binding to the repressor.
C	corepressor binding to the operator.
D	corepressor-repressor complex binding to the operator.
E	end product binding to the promoter.

Question 14

The initial effect of ionizing radiation on a cell is that it causes

A	DNA to break.
B	bonding between adjacent thymines.
C	base substitutions.
D	the formation of highly reactive ions.
E	the cells to get hot.

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding a bacterium that is R+ is FALSE?

A	It possesses a plasmid.
B	R+ can be transferred to a cell of the same species.
C	It is resistant to certain drugs and heavy metals.
D	It is F+.
E	R+ can be transferred to a different species.

Question 16

Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by

A	mutation.
B	conjugation.
C	transduction.
D	transformation.
E	All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Transformation is the transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell

A	by a bacteriophage.
B	as naked DNA in solution.
C	by cell-to-cell contact.
D	by crossing over.
E	by sexual reproduction.

Question 18

An enzyme produced in response to the presence of a substrate is called a(n)

A	inducible enzyme.
B	repressible enzyme.
C	restriction enzyme.
D	operator.
E	promoter.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about bacteriocins is FALSE?

A	The genes coding for them are on plasmids.
B	They cause food-poisoning symptoms.
C	Nisin is a bacteriocin used as a food preservative.
D	They can be used to identify certain bacteria.
E	Bacteriocins kill bacteria.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a product of transcription?

A	a new strand of DNA
B	rRNA
C	tRNA
D	mRNA
E	None of the answers are correct; all of these are products of transcription.

Question 21

DNA is constructed of

A	a single strand of nucleotides with internal hydrogen bonding.
B	two complementary strands of nucleotides bonded A—C and G—T.
C	two strands of nucleotides running in an antiparallel configuration.
D	two strands of identical nucleotides in a parallel configuration with hydrogen bonds between them.
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 22

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A	DNA polymerase — makes a molecule of DNA from a DNA template
B	RNA polymerase — makes a molecule of RNA from an RNA template
C	DNA ligase — joins segments of DNA
D	transposase — insertion of DNA segments into DNA
E	DNA gyrase — coils and twists DNA

Question 23

According to the operon model, for the synthesis of an inducible enzyme to occur, the

A	end-product must not be in excess.
B	substrate must bind to the enzyme.
C	substrate must bind to the repressor.
D	repressor must bind to the operator.
E	repressor must not be synthesized.

Question 24

Protein synthesis in eukaryotes is similar to the process in prokaryotes in that both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A	have exons.
B	have introns.
C	require snRNPS.
D	use methionine as the "start" amino acid.
E	use codons to determine polypeptide sequences.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A	DNA polymerase joins nucleotides in one direction (5' to 3') only.
B	The leading strand of DNA is made continuously.
C	The lagging strand of DNA is started by an RNA primer.
D	DNA replication proceeds in only one direction around the bacterial chromosome.
E	Multiple replication forks are possible on a bacterial chromosome.

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