Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Microbial Diseases Of The Nervous System

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Question 1

All of the following are true regarding African trypanosomiasis EXCEPT

A	it is also known as "sleeping sickness."
B	all subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei have multiple hosts.
C	it is transmitted by the tsetse fly.
D	death ultimately occurs without proper treatment.
E	Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the more common cause of disease.

Question 2

All of the following are true of poliomyelitis EXCEPT

A	infection is due to ingestion of contaminated water.
B	initial sites of viral replication are the throat and small intestine.
C	most cases result in muscle paralysis.
D	the majority of cases are asymptomatic.
E	the oral polio vaccine contains attenuated strains of the virus.

Question 3

Which of the following vaccines can cause the disease it is designed to prevent?

A	tetanus toxoid vaccine
B	oral polio vaccine
C	inactivated polio vaccine
D	Haemophilus influenzae capsule vaccine
E	meningococcal capsule vaccine

Question 4

All of the following microorganisms can directly cause meningitis EXCEPT

A	protozoa.
B	virus.
C	fungi.
D	bacteria.
E	mosquitoes.

Question 5

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A	tetanus — releases potent neurotoxin
B	botulism — stimulates transmission of nerve impulse
C	poliomyelitis — multiplication of virus occurs in throat and small intestine
D	rabies virus — destroys cells of the CNS
E	leprosy — deformation of nose and hands can occur

Question 6

A one-year-old boy was listless, irritable, and sleepy. Capsulated Gram-negative rods were cultured from his cerebrospinal fluid. His symptoms were caused by

A	Neisseria meningitidis.
B	rabies.
C	Clostridium tetani.
D	Haemophilus influenzae.
E	a prion.

Question 7

All of the following are acquired by ingestion EXCEPT

A	botulism.
B	cryptococcosis.
C	listeriosis.
D	poliomyelitis.
E	Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Question 8

Vaccination is available for all the following EXCEPT

A	Haemophilus meningitis.
B	Neisseria meningitis.
C	tetanus.
D	rabies.
E	botulism.

Question 9

The prodromal (i.e. pre-acute disease stag)symptoms of bacterial meningitis is/are

A	mild cold symptoms.
B	fever and headache.
C	stiff neck and back pains.
D	convulsions.
E	fever, headache, and stiff neck.

Question 10

The most common route of central nervous system invasion by pathogens is through

A	the skin.
B	the circulatory system.
C	the gastrointestinal system.
D	the parenteral route.
E	direct penetration into nerves.

Question 11

Initial treatment for tetanus in a fully immunized person with a puncture wound is

A	tetanus toxoid.
B	tetanus immune globulin.
C	penicillin.
D	DTaP.
E	debridement.

Question 12

Initial treatment for tetanus in an unimmunized person with a puncture wound is

A	tetanus toxoid.
B	tetanus immune globulin.
C	penicillin.
D	none; no action is necessary.
E	debridement.

Question 13

The most effective control of mosquito-borne disease is

A	treatment of infected humans.
B	treatment of infected wild animals.
C	elimination of the mosquito population.
D	avoidance of endemic areas.
E	treatment of uninfected humans.

Question 14

All of the following diseases are caused by arbovirus EXCEPT

A	St. Louis encephalitis.
B	eastern equine encephalitis.
C	West Nile encephalitis.
D	primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
E	None of the answers is correct; all of these diseases are caused by arbovirus.

Question 15

All of the following are associated with botulism outbreaks EXCEPT

A	type A toxin is most virulent.
B	endospores of C. botulinum have been recovered from honey.
C	type E toxin is associated with seafood.
D	Alaskan natives have the lowest rate of botulism in the world.
E	antibodies are not an effective method of treatment.

Question 16

The symptoms of tetanus are due to

A	endospore formation.
B	systemic infection.
C	sustained relaxation of muscles.
D	tetanospasmin.
E	inflammation.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about leprosy is FALSE?

A	It is rarely fatal.
B	Patients with leprosy must be isolated.
C	It is transmitted by direct contact.
D	Diagnosis is based on skin biopsy.
E	The etiologic agent is acid-fast.

Question 18

All of the following organisms are correctly matched to the recommended treatment EXCEPT

A	Neisseria meningitidis — cephalosporins.
B	Haemophilus influenzae — cephalosporins.
C	Cryptococcus neoformans — amphotericin B.
D	Mycobacterium leprae — dapsone.
E	poliovirus — amphotericin B.

Question 19

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A	Neisseria meningitidis — produces deadly endotoxins
B	Haemophilus influenzae — virulence due to capsule
C	Mycobacterium leprae — cultured in armadillos
D	Cryptococcus neoformans — acid-fast rod
E	Naegleria fowleri — causes amoebic encephalitis

Question 20

Which of the following statements about Neisseria meningitis is FALSE?

A	A healthy carrier state can exist.
B	It is encapsulated.
C	It is typically transmitted by droplet aerosols or direct contact with secretions.
D	Its most distinguishing feature is a unique rash.
E	It is a gram-positive anaerobe.

Question 21

All of the following organisms cause meningitis EXCEPT

A	Neisseria meningitidis.
B	Haemophilus influenzae.
C	Cryptococcus neoformans.
D	Streptococcus pneumoniae.
E	Mycobacterium leprae.

Question 22

Bacterial encephalitis and meningitis are difficult to treat because

A	no medications exist for treatment of these infections.
B	antibiotics damage nervous tissue.
C	many antibiotics cannot penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
D	the infections move along peripheral nerves.
E	it is very difficult to determine the causative microbe.

Question 23

All of the following organisms are transmitted via the respiratory route EXCEPT

A	Neisseria meningitidis.
B	Haemophilus influenzae.
C	Listeria monocytogenes.
D	Cryptococcus neoformans.
E	None of the answers is correct; all of these organisms are transmitted by the respiratory route.

Question 24

Patients with leprosy usually die from complications such as

A	brain damage.
B	loss of nerve function.
C	tuberculosis.
D	pneumonia.
E	cardiac arrest.

Question 25

A pathologist detects Negri bodies while examining a brain section taken at autopsy. What was the cause of death?

A	rabies
B	meningococcal meningitis
C	eastern equine encephalitis
D	Hansen's disease
E	poliomyelitis

Question 26

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A	leprosy — direct contact
B	poliomyelitis — respiratory route
C	meningococcal meningitis — respiratory route
D	rabies — direct contact
E	listeriosis — ingestion

Question 27

Microscopic examination of cerebrospinal fluid reveals gram-positive rods. What is the organism?

A	Haemophilus
B	Listeria
C	Naegleria
D	Neisseria
E	Streptococcus

Question 28

Which of the following is/are a free-living amoeba that can cause encephalitis?

A	Acanthamoeba
B	Naegleria
C	Entamoeba
D	Naegleria and Acanthamoeba
E	Entamoeba and Naegleria

Question 29

Which of the following is treated with antibiotics?

A	botulism
B	tetanus
C	streptococcal pneumonia
D	polio
E	All of these diseases can be successfully treated with antibiotics.

Question 30

Encephalitis is more common in the summer months because

A	pathogens are present in swimming pools and lakes.
B	ameba populations increase in swimming pools.
C	ticks are encountered while hiking in the woods.
D	mosquito populations increase.
E	people encounter more bats during warm summer evenings.

Question 31

Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis is commonly acquired by

A	exposure to bird droppings.
B	mosquito bites.
C	swimming in warm ponds or streams.
D	ingestion of water contaminated with fecal material.
E	exposure to body fluids of a contaminated individual.

Question 32

Diagnosis of rabies is confirmed by

A	Gram stain.
B	direct fluorescent-antibody test.
C	patient's symptoms.
D	passive agglutination.
E	patient's death.

Question 33

A physician diagnoses a patient with lepromatous Hansen's disease. All of the following pertain to the patient EXCEPT

A	disfiguring nodules form all over the body.
B	the disease has progressed from the tuberculoid stage.
C	a skin biopsy will be taken to aid diagnosis.
D	treatment will include injections of penicillin.
E	infection probably occurred as a result of prolonged contact with another infected individual.

Question 34

All of the following are true of chronic fatigue syndrome EXCEPT

A	it may have a genetic component.
B	it is also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis.
C	it is a psychological disorder.
D	it often begins with flu-like symptoms that do not go away.
E	it may be triggered by a viral infection.

Question 35

An eight-year-old girl in rural Wisconsin has chills, headache, and fever and reports having been bitten by mosquitoes. How would you confirm your diagnosis of arboviral encephalitis?

A	ELISA test for IgM antibodies
B	brain biopsy for Negri bodies
C	Gram stain of cerebrospinal fluid
D	examination of local mosquitoes
E	complement fixation test for IgG antibodies

Question 36

Each of the following is caused by prions EXCEPT

A	sheep scrapie.
B	kuru.
C	Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
D	bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
E	rabies.

Question 37

Arboviruses cause ________ and are transmitted by ________.

A	meningitis; bee stings
B	meningitis; mosquitoes
C	encephalitis; dog bites
D	encephalitis; mosquitoes
E	both meningitis and encephalitis; mosquitoes

Question 38

On October 5, a pet store sold a kitten that subsequently died. On October 22, rabies was diagnosed in the kitten. Between September 19 and October 23, the pet store had sold 34 kittens. Approximately 1000 people responded to health care providers following local media alerts. These people were given

A	antibiotics.
B	human diploid cell vaccine.
C	immune globulin injections.
D	antiviral medications.
E	postexposure prophylaxis.

Question 39

A 30-year-old woman was hospitalized after she experienced convulsions. On examination, she was alert and oriented and complained of a fever, headache, and stiff neck. Any of the following organisms could be responsible for her symptoms EXCEPT

A	Clostridium botulinum.
B	Listeria monocytogenes.
C	Haemophilus influenza.
D	Streptococcus pneumoniae.
E	Any of these organisms could be the causative agent.

Question 40

Which of the following statements about rabies is FALSE?

A	It is caused by Lyssavirus.
B	Hydrophobia is associated with the disease.
C	Most infections in the U.S. are the result of bites from infected dogs.
D	Diagnosis is based on immunofluorescent techniques.
E	Average incubation period is 30 to 50 days after initial infection.

Question 41

Which one of the following causes the most severe illness in humans, with a mortality rate of 30 percent?

A	western equine encephalitis
B	eastern equine encephalitis
C	St. Louis encephalitis
D	California encephalitis
E	West Nile encephalitis

Question 42

A 30-year-old woman was hospitalized after she experienced convulsions. On examination, she was alert and oriented and complained of a fever, headache, and stiff neck. Which of the following is most likely to provide rapid identification of the cause of her symptoms?

A	Gram stain of cerebrospinal fluid
B	Gram stain of throat culture
C	biopsy of brain tissue
D	check serum antibodies
E	None of these would provide rapid identification.

Question 43

On June 30, a 47-year-old man was hospitalized with dizziness, blurred vision, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and nausea. Examination revealed facial paralysis. He reported eating home-canned green beans and stew containing roast beef and potatoes 24 hours before onset of symptoms. The patient should be treated with

A	antibiotics.
B	toxin.
C	surgery.
D	vaccination.
E	supportive care, including respiratory assistance.

Question 44

All of the following are true of M. leprae EXCEPT

A	it grows best at temperatures below 37° C.
B	it survives ingestion by macrophages.
C	it invades cells of the PNS.
D	it can be cultured in armadillos.
E	it has a very short generation time of approximately twelve hours.

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