Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology-Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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Question 1

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding prokaryotic cells?

A	Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.
B	They lack membrane-enclosed organelles.
C	They typically have a circular chromosome.
D	They reproduce by binary fission.
E	They lack a plasma membrane.

Question 2

Which of the following are NOT energy reserves?

A	carboxysomes
B	polysaccharide granules
C	lipid inclusions
D	ribosomes
E	metachromatic granules

Question 3

Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

A	metachromatic granules - phosphate storage
B	lipid inclusions - energy reserve
C	ribosomes - carbon storage
D	sulfur granules - energy reserve
E	gas vacuoles - flotation

Question 4

How do spirochetes and spirilla differ?

A	Spirochetes do not have a cell wall but spirilla do.
B	Spirilla are found in chains of cells whereas spirochetes exist as individual cells.
C	Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments.
D	Spirochetes have a rigid, corkscrew shape while spirilla are helical and more flexible.
E	Spirochetes and spirilla are basically the same organisms and the terms can be used interchangeably.

Question 5

What will happen if a bacterial cell is pretreated with a lysozyme solution, then placed in distilled water?

A	The cell will plasmolyze.
B	The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
C	Water will leave the cell.
D	Lysozyme will diffuse into the cell.
E	No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

Question 6

In a hypertonic solution, a bacterial cell will typically

A	lyse.
B	burst.
C	stay the same.
D	plasmolyze.
E	osmolyze.

Question 7

Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane

A	by osmosis.
B	through simple diffusion.
C	with the help of a nonspecific transporter.
D	through facilitated diffusion.
E	through porins.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is correct about passive diffusion?

A	It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
B	It is a process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration (or down a concentration gradient).
C	It is a process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration (or up a concentration gradient).
D	It may require a transport protein.
E	It involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein.

Question 9

Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell?

A	surrounding flagella
B	around organelles
C	the plasma membrane
D	ribosomes
E	the plasma membrane, around organelles, and surrounding flagella

Question 10

Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell?

A	flagella
B	around organelles
C	the plasma membrane
D	ribosomes
E	the plasma membrane and around organelles

Question 11

Fimbriae and pili differ in that

A	there are only one or two pili per cell.
B	pili are used for motility.
C	pili are used to transfer DNA.
D	pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility.
E	pili are used for attachment to surfaces.

Question 12

The terms "run" and "tumble" are generally associated with

A	cell wall fluidity.
B	taxic movements of the cell in response to attractants or repellents.
C	clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria.
D	cell membrane synthesis.

Question 13

The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion

A	moves materials from a higher to a lower concentration.
B	moves materials from a lower to a higher concentration.
C	requires ATP.
D	requires transporter proteins.
E	does not require ATP.

Question 14

In bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are found in

A	chloroplasts.
B	cytoplasm.
C	chromatophores.
D	mesosomes.
E	ribosomes.

Question 15

Which structure acts like an "invisibility cloak" and protects bacteria from being phagocytized?

A	slime layer
B	fimbriae
C	capsule
D	cell membrane
E	cell wall

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT part of the passive transport process?

A	plasma membrane
B	transporter proteins
C	ATP
D	concentration gradient
E	aquaporins

Question 17

The DNA found in most bacterial cells

A	is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
B	utilizes histones for chromosomal packaging.
C	is circular in structure.
D	is linear in structure.
E	is found in multiple copies.

Question 18

Which of the following structures is NOT found in some prokaryotic cells?

A	flagellum
B	axial filament
C	cilium
D	pilus
E	peritrichous flagella

Question 19

Which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is FALSE?

A	They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment.
B	They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids.
C	They are toxic to humans.
D	They are sensitive to penicillin.
E	Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane.

Question 20

Bacteria are a commonly used organism for studies of genetic material in the research laboratory. The nucleic acids must first be isolated from the cells for these studies. Which of the following would most likely be used to lyse gram-positive bacterial cells for nucleic acid isolation?

A	lysozyme
B	polymixins
C	alcohol
D	water
E	mycolic acid

Question 21

Each of the following statements concerning the gram-positive cell wall is true EXCEPT

A	it maintains the shape of the cell.
B	it is sensitive to lysozyme.
C	it protects the cell in a hypertonic environment.
D	it contains teichoic acids.
E	it is sensitive to penicillin.

Question 22

Antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis ultimately cause bacterial cell death as a result of

A	osmotic lysis.
B	inhibition of molecular transport.
C	decreased synthesis of plasma membrane.
D	plasmolysis.
E	cell shrinkage.

Question 23

Which of the following organelles most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell?

A	nucleus
B	mitochondrion
C	Golgi complex
D	vacuole
E	cell wall

Question 24

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A	endoplasmic reticulum — internal transport
B	Golgi complex — secretion
C	mitochondria — ATP production
D	centrosome — food storage
E	lysosome — digestive enzymes

Question 25

Functions of the glycocalyx include all of the following EXCEPT

A	biofilm formation.
B	increased virulence.
C	source of nutrition.
D	protection against dehydration.
E	binary fission.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A	Endospores are for reproduction.
B	Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes by producing a dormant period with no growth.
C	Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain.
D	A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing.
E	A cell can produce many endospores.

Question 27

Which one of the following organisms has a cell wall?

A	protoplasts
B	fungi
C	L forms
D	mycoplasmas
E	animal cells

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of most bacterial plasma membranes?

A	site of energy production
B	composed of a phospholipid bilayer
C	contains proteins
D	contains cholesterol
E	is selectively permeable

Question 29

By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration?

A	simple diffusion
B	facilitated diffusion
C	active transport
D	extracellular enzymes
E	aquaporins

Question 30

A gram-positive bacterium suddenly acquires resistance to the antibiotic methicillin. This trait most likely occurred due to acquisition of new genetic information through

A	conjugation.
B	binary fission.
C	meisosis.
D	transformation.
E	transduction.

Question 31

Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a solution containing 5% NaCl?

A	Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration.
B	The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
C	Water will move out of the cell.
D	Water will move into the cell.
E	No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a functionally analogous pair?

A	nucleus -nucleiod region
B	mitochondria - prokaryotic plasma membrane
C	chloroplasts - thylakoids
D	cilia - pili
E	9+2 flagella - bacterial flagella

Question 33

You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can safely assume that the cell

A	has 9 pairs + 2 flagella.
B	has a mitochondrion.
C	has a cell wall.
D	lives in an extreme environment.
E	has cilia.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT found or observed to occur in both mitochondria and prokaryotes?

A	circular chromosome
B	70S ribosomes
C	cell wall
D	binary fission
E	ATP-generating mechanism

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