Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Environmental Microbiology

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Question 1

Which wastewater treatment process is responsible for removal of most of the BOD in sewage?

A	anaerobic sludge digestion
B	primary sewage treatment
C	secondary sewage treatment
D	tertiary sewage treatment
E	water treatment

Question 2

The release of phosphate-containing detergents into a river would

A	kill algae.
B	increase algal growth.
C	kill bacteria.
D	improve the water quality.
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 3

Which one of the following processes in sewage treatment requires bacterial metabolism?

A	chlorination
B	primary treatment
C	removal of BOD
D	sedimentation
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of fecal coliforms?

A	gram-negative
B	non-spore forming
C	rod-shaped
D	lactose-fermenting
E	pathogenic

Question 5

Which of the following do NOT fix atmospheric nitrogen?

A	cyanobacteria
B	lichens
C	mycorrhizae
D	Rhizobium
E	Azotobacter

Question 6

Filtration to remove protozoa occurs in

A	anaerobic sludge digestion.
B	primary sewage treatment.
C	secondary sewage treatment.
D	tertiary sewage treatment.
E	water treatment.

Question 7

In the ONPG and MUG test for fecal coliforms, a sample that is positive for E. coli will be

A	positive for ONPG; fluorescent in UV light.
B	negative for ONPG; fluorescent in UV light.
C	positive for ONPG; non-fluorescent in UV light.
D	negative for ONPG; non-fluorescent in UV light.

Question 8

Aerobic respiration occurs in

A	anaerobic sludge digestion.
B	primary sewage treatment.
C	secondary sewage treatment.
D	tertiary sewage treatment.
E	water treatment.

Question 9

Drinking water supplies are routinely tested for the presence of

A	Giardia.
B	Cryptosporidium.
C	fecal coliforms.
D	fecal viruses.
E	Vibrio.

Question 10

Zoogloea form flocculent masses in

A	anaerobic sludge digestion.
B	primary sewage treatment.
C	activated sludge digestion.
D	tertiary sewage treatment.
E	water treatment.

Question 11

The product of which process contains the highest BOD?

A	anaerobic sludge digestion
B	primary sewage treatment
C	secondary sewage treatment
D	tertiary sewage treatment
E	water treatment

Question 12

Sedimentation of sludge occurs in

A	anaerobic sludge digestion.
B	primary sewage treatment.
C	secondary sewage treatment.
D	tertiary sewage treatment.
E	water treatment.

Question 13

Residual chlorine must be maintained in

A	anaerobic sludge digestion.
B	primary sewage treatment.
C	secondary sewage treatment.
D	tertiary sewage treatment.
E	water treatment.

Question 14

Which wastewater treatment process produces BOD-containing effluent used for irrigation?

A	anaerobic sludge digestion
B	primary sewage treatment
C	secondary sewage treatment
D	tertiary sewage treatment
E	water treatment

Question 15

Untreated sewage is released into a river. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A	The untreated sewage is a health hazard.
B	The untreated sewage increases the BOD.
C	The untreated sewage decreases the dissolved oxygen.
D	The untreated sewage kills bacteria.
E	All of the statements are true.

Question 16

Bacteria that are used as biosensors

A	migrate to the hazardous chemical.
B	do not emit light in the presence of a hazardous chemical.
C	degrade hazardous chemicals.
D	have chlorophyll.
E	may use the lux operon.

Question 17

In freshwater lakes and ponds, the majority of photosynthetic microbes are located in the ________ zone(s).

A	benthic
B	profundal
C	limnetic
D	littoral
E	benthic and profundal

Question 18

For the biogeochemical cycles of the following elements, which does NOT have an atmospheric cycle?

A	carbon
B	phosphorus
C	sulfur
D	nitrogen

Question 19

Biochemical oxygen demand is a measure of the

A	number of bacteria present in a water sample.
B	amount of oxygen present in a water sample.
C	amount of organic matter present in a water sample.
D	amount of undissolved solid matter present in a water sample.
E	amount of nitrogen in a water sample.

Question 20

Bioremediation of petroleum

A	takes place under aerobic conditions.
B	takes place under anaerobic conditions.
C	The amount of oxygen does not make any difference.

Question 21

What stage of sewage treatment produces methane?

A	primary treatment
B	secondary treatment
C	tertiary treatment
D	sludge digestion
E	None of the stages of sewage treatment produce methane.

Question 22

All of the following organisms are involved in carbon fixation EXCEPT

A	green and purple sulfur bacteria.
B	cyanobacteria.
C	lichens.
D	algae.
E	mycorrhizae.

Question 23

Which of the following requires aerobic conditions?

A	nitrogen fixation
B	sludge digestion
C	primary sewage treatment
D	secondary sewage treatment
E	water treatment

Question 24

All of the following are used in secondary sewage treatment EXCEPT

A	trickling filters.
B	sludge granules or floc formation.
C	aeration.
D	anaerobic digestion.
E	activated sludge.

Question 25

Which of the following is required for composting?

A	addition of non-biodegradable materials
B	addition of nitrogen and phosphorus sources
C	periodic turning or raking of the compost pile
D	addition of thermophilic microbes
E	constant anaerobic conditions

Question 26

Adding untreated sewage to a freshwater lake would cause the biochemical oxygen demand to

A	increase.
B	decrease.
C	stay the same.
D	The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 27

The guano deposited by seabirds is used a source for which of the following fertilizer components?

A	phosphate
B	nitrate
C	sulfate
D	carbonate
E	potassium

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a symbiotic pair of organisms?

A	elk and rumen bacteria
B	orchid and mycorrhizae
C	onions and arbuscules
D	bean plant and Rhizobium
E	sulfur and Thiobacillus

Question 29

All of the following are true of mycorrhizae EXCEPT

A	they are fungi that form beneficial relationships with plants.
B	an example is the food delicacy truffles.
C	the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae are a type of ectomycorrhizae.
D	they enable plants to absorb soil nutrients.
E	ectomycorrhizae extend the surface area of roots for nutrient absorption.

Question 30

Which of the following is an assimilation process?

A	Thiobacillus: H2S → S0
B	Desulfovibrio: SO42- → H2S
C	Proteus: Sulfhydryl-containing amino acids → H2S
D	Redwood tree: SO42- → Sulfhydryl groups of amino acids
E	Photosynthetic bacteria: H2S → S0

Question 31

Which of the following organisms is using sulfur as a source of energy?

A	Thiobacillus: H2S → S0
B	Desulfovibrio: SO42- → H2S
C	Proteus: Amino acids → H2S
D	Redwood tree: SO42- → Amino acids
E	Photosynthetic bacteria: H2S → S0

Question 32

Which of the following is mismatched?

A	CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2O — Methane-producing bacteria
B	2 NO2- + O2→ 2 NO3 — Nitrobacter
C	6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 — Clostridium
D	N2 + 6H+ → 2NH3 — Beijerinckia
E	SO42- + 10H+ → H2S + 4H2O — Desulfovibrio

Question 33

Which of the following terms describes NO3- → NO2- → N2O → N2?

A	ammonification
B	denitrification
C	nitrification
D	nitrogen fixation
E	anaerobic respiration

Question 34

NH3 → NO2-

A	takes place under aerobic conditions.
B	takes place under anaerobic conditions.
C	The amount of oxygen does not make any difference.

Question 35

Bacteria can increase the Earth's temperature by

A	generating a great deal of heat in metabolism.
B	producing CH4, which is a greenhouse gas.
C	using the greenhouse gas CO2.
D	providing nutrients for plant growth.
E	oxidizing CH4.

Question 36

All of the following are habitats for extremophiles EXCEPT

A	an acid mine wash.
B	the topmost portions of the Atlantic Ocean.
C	inside rock.
D	a salt-evaporating pond.
E	100°C water.

Question 37

In the early 1900s, cities such as Philadelphia reduced the incidence of typhoid fever by

A	isolating human carriers.
B	using tertiary water treatment systems.
C	filtering municipal drinking water through sand-bed filters.
D	requiring residents to boil drinking water.
E	mass vaccination of residents.

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