Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Classification Of Microorganisms

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Question 1

Which of the following statements about archaea is FALSE?

A	They are prokaryotes.
B	They lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
C	Some are thermoacidophiles; others are extreme halophiles.
D	They evolved before bacteria.
E	Some produce methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

Question 2

Into which group would you place a multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives inside the human liver?

A	Animalia
B	Fungi
C	Plantae
D	Firmicutes (gram-positive bacteria)
E	Proteobacteria (gram-negative bacteria)

Question 3

You discovered a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and peptidoglycan. You suspect the organism is in the group

A	Animalia.
B	Archaea.
C	Bacteria.
D	Fungi.
E	Plantae.

Question 4

Into which group would you place a photosynthetic cell that lacks a nucleus?

A	Animalia
B	Bacteria
C	Fungi
D	Plantae
E	Protista

Question 5

Into which group would you place a multicellular heterotroph with chitin cell walls?

A	Animalia
B	Archaea
C	Bacteria
D	Fungi
E	Plantae

Question 6

A clone is

A	genetically identical cells derived from a single cell.
B	a genetically engineered cell.
C	a taxon composed of species.
D	a mound of cells on an agar medium.
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

Which of the following criteria is most useful in determining whether two organisms are related?

A	Both ferment lactose.
B	Both are gram-positive.
C	Both are motile.
D	Both are aerobic.
E	Each answer is equally important.

Question 8

All of the following statements are reasons why fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) has become a valuable tool for environmental microbiologists EXCEPT

A	it allows for detection of uncultured microbes.
B	it demonstrates the diversity of microbes in an environment.
C	it allows observation of microbes in their natural environment in association with other microbes.
D	it allows one to obtain pure cultures of microbes.
E	All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

One of the most popular taxonomic tools is DNA fingerprinting to develop profiles of organisms. These profiles provide direct information about

A	enzymatic activities.
B	protein composition.
C	the presence of specific genes.
D	antigenic composition.
E	the similarities between nucleotide sequences.

Question 10

Nucleic acid hybridization is based on the fact that

A	the strands of DNA can be separated.
B	a chromosome is composed of complementary strands.
C	pairing between complementary bases occurs.
D	DNA is composed of genes.
E	all cells have DNA.

Question 11

Phage typing is based on the fact that

A	bacteria are destroyed by viruses.
B	viruses cause disease.
C	bacterial viruses attack only members of a specific species.
D	Staphylococcus causes infections.
E	phages and bacteria are related.

Question 12

Serological testing is based on the fact that

A	all bacteria have the same antigens.
B	antibodies react specifically with an antigen.
C	the human body makes antibodies against bacteria.
D	antibodies cause the formation of antigens.
E	bacteria clump together when mixed with any antibodies.

Question 13

Which of the following best defines a strain in microbiological terms?

A	a pure culture that is not totally identical to other cultures of the same species
B	a group of organisms with a limited geographical distribution
C	a mixed population of cells,genetically distinct, but with highly similar phenotypic characteristics
D	groups of cells all derived from and identical to a single parent species
E	same as a species

Question 14

Bacteria and Archaea are similar in which of the following?

A	peptidoglycan cell walls
B	methionine as the start signal for protein synthesis
C	sensitivity to antibiotics
D	considered prokaryotic cells
E	plasma membrane ester linkage

Question 15

Into which group would you place a photosynthetic organism that lacks a nucleus and has a thin peptidoglycan wall surrounded by an outer membrane?

A	Animalia
B	Fungi
C	Plantae
D	Firmicutes (gram-positive bacteria)
E	Proteobacteria (gram-negative bacteria)

Question 16

In the scientific name Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter is the

A	specific epithet.
B	genus.
C	family.
D	order.
E	kingdom.

Question 17

The arrangement of organisms into taxa

A	shows degrees of relatedness between organisms.
B	shows relationships to common ancestors.
C	was designed by Charles Darwin.
D	is arbitrary.
E	is based on evolution.

Question 18

A bacterial species differs from a species of eukaryotic organisms in that a bacterial species

A	does not breed with other species.
B	has a limited geographical distribution.
C	can be distinguished from other bacterial species.
D	is a population of cells with similar characteristics.
E	breeds with its own species.

Question 19

Which of the following characterizes the Domain Bacteria?

A	prokaryotic cells; ether linkages in phospholipids
B	eukaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids
C	prokaryotic cells; ester linkages in phospholipids
D	complex cellular structures
E	multicellular

Question 20

If two organisms have similar rRNA sequences, you can conclude that they

A	live in the same place.
B	evolved from a common ancestor.
C	will have different G-C ratios.
D	will both ferment lactose.
E	mated with each other.

Question 21

What is the outstanding characteristic of the Kingdom Fungi?

A	All members are photosynthetic.
B	Members absorb dissolved organic matter.
C	Members absorb dissolved inorganic matter.
D	All members are microscopic.
E	All members are macroscopic.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about members of the Kingdom Plantae is FALSE?

A	They are multicellular.
B	They are composed of eukaryotic cells.
C	They undergo photosynthesis.
D	They use organic carbon sources.
E	They synthesize organic molecules.

Question 23

Which of the following statements about the members of the Kingdom Animalia is FALSE?

A	They are multicellular.
B	They are composed of eukaryotic cells.
C	They undergo photosynthesis.
D	They ingest nutrients through a mouth.
E	They are heterotrophs.

Question 24

A genus can best be defined as

A	a taxon composed of families.
B	a taxon composed of one or more species and a classification level lying below family.
C	a taxon belonging to a species.
D	a taxon comprised of classes.
E	the most specific taxon.

Question 25

Protists are a diverse group of organisms that are similar in

A	rRNA sequences.
B	metabolic type.
C	motility.
D	ecology.
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 26

Data collected to date indicate that

A	humans and marine mammals cannot be infected by the same pathogens.
B	marine mammals do not get infectious diseases.
C	new species of bacteria will not be discovered in wild animals.
D	marine mammals don't have an immune system.
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 27

A biochemical test, in the microbiology world, is used to determine

A	staining characteristics.
B	amino acid sequences of enzymes.
C	nucleic acid-base composition of DNA sequences.
D	capability of a microbe to perform a specific enzymatic activity.
E	All of the answers are correct.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT based on nucleic-acid hybridization?

A	DNA chip
B	FISH
C	PCR
D	Southern blotting
E	Western blotting

Question 29

The phylogenetic classification of bacteria is based on

A	cell morphology.
B	Gram reaction.
C	rRNA sequences.
D	habitat.
E	diseases.

Question 30

Which of the following statements is a reason for NOT classifying viruses in one of the three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukary rather than in a fourth separate domain?

A	Some viruses can incorporate their genome into a host's genome.
B	Viruses direct anabolic pathways of host cells.
C	Viruses are obligate parasites.
D	Viruses are not composed of cells.
E	All of the answers are correct.

Question 31

Which of the following provides taxonomic information that includes the information obtained in the others listed?

A	nucleic acid hybridization
B	nucleic acid-base composition
C	amino acid sequencing
D	biochemical tests
E	cladogram

Question 32

Which of the following is the best evidence for a three-domain system?

A	Nucleotide sequences in ribosomal RNA vary between all three domains.
B	There are three distinctly different sets of metabolic reactions.
C	There are three distinctly different Gram reactions.
D	Some bacteria live in extreme environments.
E	There are three distinctly different types of nuclei.

Question 33

Organism A has 70 moles % G+C, and organism B has 40 moles % G+C. Which of the following can be concluded from these data?

A	The two organisms are related.
B	The two organisms are unrelated.
C	The organisms make entirely different enzymes.
D	Their nucleic acids will completely hybridize.
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 34

Into which group would you place a unicellular organism that has 70S ribosomes and a peptidoglycan cell wall?

A	Animalia
B	Bacteria
C	Fungi
D	Plantae
E	Protist

Question 35

Fossil evidence indicates that prokaryotic cells first existed on the Earth

A	350 years ago.
B	3500 years ago.
C	35000 years ago.
D	3.5 billion years ago.
E	3.5 × 1012 years ago.

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