Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Antimicrobial Drugs

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Question 1

Penicillin was considered a "miracle drug" for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A	it was the first antibiotic.
B	it does not affect eukaryotic cells.
C	it inhibits gram-positive cell wall synthesis.
D	it has selective toxicity.
E	it kills bacteria.

Question 2

Which of the following does NOT constitute an advantage of using two antibiotics together?

A	It can prevent drug resistance.
B	It lessens the toxicity of individual drugs.
C	Two are always twice as effective as one.
D	It allows treatment to be provided prior to diagnosis.
E	All of these are advantages of using two antibiotics together.

Question 3

Drug resistance occurs

A	because bacteria are normal microbiota.
B	when antibiotics are used indiscriminately.
C	against antibiotics and not against synthetic chemotherapeutic agents.
D	when antibiotics are taken after the symptoms disappear.
E	All of the answers are correct.

Question 4

Which of the following would be selective against the tubercle bacillus?

A	bacitracin — inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis
B	ethambutol — inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
C	streptogramin — inhibits protein synthesis
D	streptomycin — inhibits protein synthesis
E	vancomycin — inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis

Question 5

In the presence of penicillin, a cell dies because

A	it lacks a cell wall.
B	it plasmolyzes.
C	it undergoes lysis.
D	it lacks a cell membrane.
E	its contents leak out.

Question 6

Lamisil is an allylamine used to treat dermatomycoses. Lamisil's method of action is similar to that of

A	polymyxin B.
B	azole antibiotics.
C	echinocandins.
D	griseofulvin.
E	bacitracin.

Question 7

Niclosamide prevents ATP generation in mitochondria. You would expect this drug to be effective against

A	gram-negative bacteria.
B	gram-positive bacteria.
C	helminths.
D	Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
E	viruses.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about drugs that competitively inhibit DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase is FALSE?

A	They can potentially cause mutations.
B	They are used against viral infections.
C	They can affect host cell DNA synthesis.
D	They cause cellular plasmolysis.
E	They interfere with protein synthesis.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about drug resistance is FALSE?

A	It may be carried on a plasmid.
B	It may be transferred from one bacterium to another during conjugation.
C	It may be due to enzymes that degrade some antibiotics.
D	It is found only in gram-negative bacteria.
E	It may be due to increased uptake of a drug.

Question 10

Which of the following does NOT affect eukaryotic cells?

A	antiprotozoan drugs
B	antihelminthic drugs
C	antifungal drugs
D	nucleotide analogs
E	semisynthetic penicillins

Question 11

The antibiotic actinomycin D binds between adjacent G-C pairs, thus interfering with

A	transcription.
B	translation.
C	cellular respiration.
D	plasma membrane function.
E	peptide bond formation.

Question 12

Use of antibiotics in animal feed leads to antibiotic-resistant bacteria because

A	bacteria from other animals replace those killed by the antibiotics.
B	the few surviving bacteria that are affected by the antibiotics develop immunity to the antibiotics, which they pass on to their progeny.
C	the antibiotics cause new mutations to occur in the surviving bacteria, which results in resistance to antibiotics.
D	the antibiotics kill susceptible bacteria, but the few that are naturally resistant live and reproduce, and their progeny repopulate the host animal.
E	the antibiotics persist in soil and water.

Question 13

Mebendazole is used to treat cestode infections. It interferes with microtubule formation; therefore, it would NOT affect

A	bacteria.
B	fungi.
C	helminths.
D	human cells.
E	protozoa.

Question 14

Which of the following organisms would MOST likely be sensitive to natural penicillin?

A	helminths
B	Streptococcus pyogenes
C	penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae
D	Penicillium
E	Mycoplasma

Question 15

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A	Fluoroquinolone inhibits DNA synthesis.
B	Acyclovir inhibits DNA synthesis.
C	Amantadine inhibits the release of viral nucleic acid.
D	Interferon inhibits glycolysis.
E	Azoles inhibit plasma membrane synthesis.

Question 16

A drug that inhibits mitosis, such as griseofulvin, would be more effective against

A	gram-positive bacteria.
B	gram-negative bacteria.
C	fungi.
D	wall-less bacteria.
E	mycobacteria.

Question 17

Most of the available antimicrobial agents are effective against

A	viruses.
B	bacteria.
C	fungi.
D	protozoa.
E	All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) frequently work by

A	inhibiting protein synthesis.
B	disrupting the plasma membrane.
C	complementary base pairing with DNA.
D	inhibiting cell-wall synthesis.
E	hydrolyzing peptidoglycan.

Question 19

In what way are semisynthetic penicillins and natural penicillins alike?

A	Both are broad spectrum.
B	Both are resistant to penicillinase.
C	Both are resistant to stomach acids.
D	Both are bactericidal.
E	Both are based on β-lactam.

Question 20

Which of the following antibiotics is NOT bactericidal?

A	aminoglycosides
B	cephalosporins
C	polyenes
D	rifampins
E	penicillin

Question 21

Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?

A	bacitracin
B	cephalosporin
C	monobactam
D	penicillin
E	streptomycin

Question 22

Which of the following antimicrobial agents has the fewest side effects?

A	streptomycin
B	tetracycline
C	penicillin
D	erythromycin
E	chloramphenicol

Question 23

Protozoan and helminthic diseases are difficult to treat because

A	their cells are structurally and functionally similar to human cells.
B	they replicate inside human cells.
C	they do not have ribosomes.
D	they do not reproduce.
E	they have more genes than bacteria.

Question 24

Which of the following drugs does NOT act by competitive inhibition?

A	ethambutol
B	isoniazid
C	streptomycin
D	sulfonamide
E	trimethoprim

Question 25

Which of the following antibiotics is recommended for use against gram-negative bacteria?

A	polyenes
B	bacitracin
C	cephalosporin
D	penicillin
E	polymyxin

Question 26

Which of the following antimicrobial agents is recommended for use against fungal infections?

A	amphotericin B
B	bacitracin
C	cephalosporin
D	penicillin
E	polymyxin

Question 27

More than half of our antibiotics are

A	produced by fungi.
B	produced by bacteria.
C	synthesized in laboratories.
D	produced by Fleming.
E	produced by eukaryotic organisms.

Question 28

To date, most of our natural antibiotics have been found to be produced by members of what genus?

A	Streptomyces
B	Bacillus
C	Penicillium
D	Paenibacillus
E	Cephalosporium

Question 29

Which of the following is mismatched?

A	Ehrlich — "magic bullet" theory
B	Fleming — initial identification of penicillin's effect on gram-positive microbial growth
C	Florey and Chain — identification of Penicillium as the producer of penicillin
D	Kirby and Bauer — disc-diffusion method
E	None of these is mismatched.

Question 30

Which compound would be the most useful to treat candidiasis?

A	uracil
B	thymine
C	flucytosine
D	guanine
E	penicillin

Question 31

Which of the following antibiotics does NOT interfere with cell wall synthesis?

A	cephalosporins
B	macrolides
C	natural penicillins
D	semisynthetic penicillins
E	vancomycin

Question 32

The antimicrobial drugs with the broadest spectrum of activity are

A	aminoglycosides.
B	chloramphenicol.
C	penicillin G.
D	macrolides.
E	tetracyclines.

Question 33

Which of the following methods of action would be bacteriostatic?

A	competitive inhibition with folic acid synthesis
B	inhibition of protein synthesis
C	injury to plasma membrane
D	inhibition of cell wall synthesis
E	competitive inhibition with DNA gyrase

Question 34

Which of the following antibiotics causes misreading of mRNA?

A	aminoglycoside — changes shape of 30S units
B	chloramphenicol — inhibits peptide bonds at 50S subunit
C	oxazolidinone — prevents formation of 70S ribosome
D	streptogamin — prevents release of peptide from 70S ribosome
E	tetracyclines — bind with 30S subunit

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