Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Adaptive Immunity Specific Defenses of the Host

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Question 1

What type of immunity results from vaccination?

A	innate immunity
B	naturally acquired active immunity
C	naturally acquired passive immunity
D	artificially acquired active immunity
E	artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 2

Which of the following statements about natural killer cells is FALSE?

A	They destroy virus-infected cells.
B	They destroy tumor cells.
C	They destroy cells lacking MHC I.
D	They are stimulated by an antigen.
E	None of the answers are correct; all of these statements are true.

Question 3

An antibody's Fc region can be bound by

A	antibodies.
B	macrophages.
C	T helper cells.
D	B cells.
E	CTLs.

Question 4

A Treg cell deficiency could result in

A	increased number of viral infections.
B	increased number of bacterial infections.
C	autoimmunity.
D	increased severity of bacterial infections.
E	transplant rejection.

Question 5

ADCC is a process that is most effective in destroying

A	eukaryotic pathogens.
B	prions.
C	extracellular viruses.
D	bacterial pathogens.
E	bacterial toxins.

Question 6

The following events occur in cellular immunity, leading to a response from TH cells. What is the third step?

A	Antibodies are produced.
B	Dendritic cell takes up antigen.
C	Antigen enters M cell.
D	TH cell produces cytokines.
E	TH cells proliferate.

Question 7

The presence of which of the following indicates a current infection rather than a previous infection or vaccination?

A	IgA
B	IgG
C	IgM
D	IgD
E	IgE

Question 8

What type of immunity results from transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection?

A	innate immunity
B	naturally acquired active immunity
C	naturally acquired passive immunity
D	artificially acquired active immunity
E	artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 9

What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?

A	innate immunity
B	naturally acquired active immunity
C	naturally acquired passive immunity
D	artificially acquired active immunity
E	artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 10

Which of the following is the best definition of epitope?

A	specific regions on antigens that interact with T-cell receptors
B	specific regions on antigens that interact with MHC class molecules
C	specific regions on antigens that interact with haptens
D	specific regions on antigens that interact with antibodies
E	specific regions on antigens that interact with perforins

Question 11

Newborns' immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of

A	innate immunity.
B	naturally acquired active immunity.
C	naturally acquired passive immunity.
D	artificially acquired active immunity.
E	artificially acquired passive immunity.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is NOT a possible outcome of antigen-antibody reaction?

A	clonal deletion
B	activation of complement
C	opsonization
D	ADCC
E	agglutination

Question 13

Which of the following cells is NOT an APC?

A	dentritic cells
B	macrophages
C	mature B cells
D	natural killer cells
E	None of the answers is correct; all of these are APCs.

Question 14

When an antibody binds to a toxin, the resulting action is referred to as

A	agglutination.
B	opsonization.
C	ADCC.
D	apoptosis.
E	neutralization.

Question 15

Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II?

A	TC cell
B	B cell
C	TH cell
D	natural killer cell
E	basophil

Question 16

The specificity of an antibody is due to

A	its valence.
B	the H chains.
C	the L chains.
D	the constant portions of the H and L chains.
E	the variable portions of the H and L chains.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells?

A	They originate in bone marrow.
B	They have antibodies on their surfaces.
C	They are responsible for the memory response.
D	They are responsible for antibody formation.
E	They recognize antigens associated with MHC I.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?

A	The cells originate in bone marrow.
B	Cells are processed in the thymus gland.
C	It can inhibit the immune response.
D	B cells make antibodies.
E	T cells react with antigens.

Question 19

Plasma cells are activated by a(n)

A	antigen.
B	T cell.
C	B cell.
D	memory cell.
E	APC.

Question 20

The antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears are

A	IgG.
B	IgM.
C	IgA.
D	IgD.
E	IgE.

Question 21

Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells?

A	CTL
B	Treg
C	TH
D	dendritic cells
E	B cells

Question 22

The antibodies found almost entirely and only on the surface of B cells (not secreted from them), and which always exist as monomers, are

A	IgG.
B	IgM.
C	IgA.
D	IgD.
E	IgE.

Question 23

In addition to IgG, the antibodies that can fix complement are

A	IgM.
B	IgA.
C	IgD.
D	IgE.
E	None of the answers is correct.

Question 24

Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are

A	IgG.
B	IgM.
C	IgA.
D	IgD.
E	IgE.

Question 25

The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is

A	IgG.
B	IgM.
C	IgA.
D	IgD.
E	IgE.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A	The variable region of a heavy chain is partially responsible for binding with antigen.
B	The variable region of a light chain is partially responsible for binding with antigen.
C	The Fc region attaches to a host cell.
D	The constant region of a heavy chain is the same for all antibodies.
E	All of the answers are correct.

Question 27

Which of the following is the best definition of antigen?

A	something foreign in the body
B	a chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies
C	a chemical that combines with antibodies
D	a pathogen
E	a protein that combines with antibodies

Question 28

Which of the following WBCs are NOT lymphocytes?

A	cytotoxic T cells
B	helper T cells
C	NK cells
D	M cells
E	B cells

Question 29

The following events elicit an antibody response. What is the third step?

A	Antigen-digest goes to surface of APC.
B	APC phagocytizes antigen.
C	B cell is activated.
D	TH cell recognizes antigen-digest and MHC II.
E	TH cell produces cytokines.

Question 30

Which of the following bacterial components would most likely result in B cell stimulation by T-independent antigens?

A	capsule
B	flagellum
C	pili
D	ribosome
E	plasmid

Question 31

The antibodies that can bind to large parasites are

A	IgG.
B	IgM.
C	IgA.
D	IgD.
E	IgE.

Question 32

Which of the following statements about IL-12 is FALSE?

A	It activates macrophages.
B	It inhibits some tumor cells.
C	It activates the TH1 pathway.
D	It causes autoimmune diseases.
E	It causes TH cells to respond to HIV.

Question 33

IL-2, produced by TH cells,

A	activates macrophages.
B	stimulates TH cell maturation.
C	causes phagocytosis.
D	activates antigen-presenting cells.
E	activates TC cells to CTLs.

Question 34

Which one of the following causes transmembrane channels in target cells?

A	granzymes
B	hapten
C	IL-1
D	IL-2
E	perforin

Question 35

Cytokines released by TH1 cells

A	activate CD8+ cells to CTLs.
B	convert TH1 cells to TH2 cells.
C	convert TH2 cells to TH1 cells.
D	kill parasites.
E	convert B cells to T cells.

Question 36

CD4+ T cells are activated by

A	interaction between CD4+ and MHC II.
B	interaction between TCRs and MHC II.
C	cytokines released by dendritic cells.
D	cytokines released by B cells.
E	complement.

Question 37

Thymic selection

A	destroys T cells that do not recognize self-molecules of MHC.
B	destroys B cells that make antibodies against self.
C	destroys MHC molecules.
D	destroys CD4+ cells that attack self.
E	activates B cells.

Question 38

At a minimum, the human immune system is capable of recognizing approximately how many different antigens?

A	105
B	1010
C	1015
D	1020
E	1025

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