Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology Microbial Diseases Of The Respiratory System

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Question 1

The lower respiratory tract is protected by all of the following EXCEPT

A	competition with the normal flora of the lungs.
B	IgA antibodies.
C	mucous secretions.
D	the ciliary escalator.
E	alveolar macrophages.

Question 2

The patient is suffocating because of the accumulation of dead tissue and fibrin in her throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A	Corynebacterium
B	Haemophilus
C	Bordetella
D	Mycobacterium
E	The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 3

Which of the following is mismatched?

A	Burkholderia — melioidosis
B	Coxiella — Q fever
C	Mycoplasma — walking pneumonia
D	Chlamydophila — psittacosis
E	Mycobacterium — whooping cough

Question 4

All of the following are classified as fungi EXCEPT

A	Blastomyces.
B	Coccidioides.
C	Histoplasma.
D	Mycobacterium.
E	Pneumocystis.

Question 5

Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows thick-walled cysts. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A	Blastomyces
B	Coccidioides
C	Histoplasma
D	Mycobacterium
E	Pneumocystis

Question 6

Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows spherules. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A	Blastomyces
B	Coccidioides
C	Histoplasma
D	Mycobacterium
E	Pneumocystis

Question 7

A patient has a paroxysmal cough and mucus accumulation. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A	Bordetella
B	Corynebacterium
C	Burkholderia
D	Mycobacterium
E	Mycoplasma

Question 8

A patient who presents with red throat and tonsils can be diagnosed as having

A	streptococcal pharyngitis.
B	scarlet fever.
C	diphtheria.
D	the common cold.
E	The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 9

A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in the alveoli, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The patient most likely has

A	tuberculosis.
B	influenza.
C	pneumococcal pneumonia.
D	mycoplasmal pneumonia.
E	the common cold.

Question 10

Which of the following is responsible for epidemics of respiratory disease in infants?

A	rhinovirus
B	adenovirus
C	respiratory syncytial virus
D	influenza
E	Mycoplasma

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an intracellular parasite?

A	Chlamydophila
B	Coccidioides
C	Coxiella
D	Influenza virus
E	RSV

Question 12

Which one of the following produces small "fried-egg" colonies on medium containing horse serum and yeast extract?

A	Chlamydophila
B	Legionella
C	Mycobacterium
D	Mycoplasma
E	Streptococcus

Question 13

Legionella is transmitted by

A	airborne transmission.
B	foodborne transmission.
C	person-to-person contact.
D	fomites.
E	vectors.

Question 14

The patient has a sore throat. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A	Corynebacterium
B	Rhinovirus
C	Bordetella
D	Streptococcus
E	The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 15

The patient is suffocating because of an inflamed epiglottis. What is the etiology of the symptoms?

A	Corynebacterium
B	Haemophilus
C	Bordetella
D	Mycobacterium
E	RSV

Question 16

Soil is a reservoir for all of the following EXCEPT

A	Q fever.
B	melioidosis.
C	blastomycosis.
D	histoplasmosis.
E	coccidioidomycosis.

Question 17

Which of the following is mismatched?

A	pharyngitis — sore throat
B	laryngitis — voice loss
C	epiglottitis — sore throat
D	sinusitis — headache and nasal mucous
E	otitis media — earache

Question 18

Members of the group A streptococci (GAS) cause all of the following EXCEPT

A	strep throat.
B	scarlet fever.
C	rheumatic fever.
D	pharyngitis.
E	epiglottitis.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about mycoplasmal pneumonia is TRUE?

A	The causative agent is a virus.
B	The symptoms resemble pneumococcal pneumonia.
C	The causative agent cannot be cultured.
D	Treatment is tetracyclines.
E	Annual vaccination can prevent infection.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of influenza?

A	fever
B	chills
C	headache
D	diarrhea
E	muscle aches

Question 21

Which of the following is mismatched?

A	Corynebacterium — gram-positive rod
B	Mycobacterium — acid-fast rod
C	Mycoplasma — gram-positive pleomorphic rod
D	Bordetella — gram-negative pleomorphic rod
E	Haemophilus — gram-negative rod

Question 22

Which of the following microorganisms causes symptoms most like tuberculosis?

A	Histoplasma
B	Coccidioides
C	Legionella
D	Mycoplasma
E	Influenza virus

Question 23

All of the following can lead to a positive tuberculin skin test EXCEPT

A	vaccination.
B	current tuberculosis infection.
C	previous tuberculosis infection.
D	immunity to tuberculosis.
E	being near someone with tuberculosis.

Question 24

Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its vaccine?

A	tuberculosis — toxoid
B	whooping cough — heat-killed bacteria
C	diphtheria — toxoid
D	influenza — viruses grown in embryonated eggs
E	pneumococcal pneumonia — capsular polysaccharides

Question 25

Which of the following requires treatment with both antibiotics and antitoxins?

A	diphtheria
B	tuberculosis
C	whooping cough
D	scarlet fever
E	psittacosis

Question 26

Which of the following is mismatched?

A	epiglottitis — Haemophilus
B	Q fever — Rickettsia
C	psittacosis — Chlamydia
D	whooping cough — Bordetella
E	melioidosis — Burkholderia

Question 27

Which of the following does NOT cause otitis media?

A	Streptococcus pneumoniae
B	Haemophilus influenzae
C	Streptococcus pyogenes
D	Moraxella catarrhalis
E	Coxiella burnetii

Question 28

Which of the following causes opportunistic infections in AIDS patients?

A	Pneumocystis
B	Aspergillus
C	Rhizopus
D	Mucor
E	All of the answers are correct.

Question 29

A patient has pneumonia. Gram-negative rods are cultured on nutrient agar from a sputum sample. The etiology is

A	Burkholderia pseudomallei.
B	Chlamydophila psittaci.
C	Haemophilus influenzae.
D	Legionella pneumophila.
E	Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 30

Which of the following diseases is NOT correctly matched to its reservoir?

A	tuberculosis — cattle
B	histoplasmosis — soil
C	psittacosis — parakeets
D	coccidioidomycosis — air
E	pneumocystis — humans

Question 31

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by the catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stages?

A	Bordetella pertussis
B	Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C	Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D	Streptococcus pyogenes
E	respiratory syncytial virus

Question 32

Which one of the following is an irregular, gram-positive rod?

A	Bordetella pertussis
B	Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C	Burkholderia pseudomallei
D	Streptococcus pyogenes
E	Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 33

Infection by which of the following results in the formation of Ghon complexes?

A	Bordetella pertussis
B	Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C	Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D	Streptococcus pyogenes
E	Blastomyces dermatidis

Question 34

Which one of the following produces the most potent exotoxin?

A	Bordetella pertussis
B	Corynebacterium diphtheriae
C	Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D	Streptococcus pyogenes
E	Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 35

The most effective means of preventing influenza is

A	annual vaccination.
B	isolation of carriers.
C	vector control.
D	pasteurization of milk.
E	administration of amantadine.

Question 36

Which of the following is an opportunistic pathogen?

A	Pneumocystis
B	Legionella
C	Histoplasma
D	Mycoplasma
E	rhinovirus

Question 37

Which of the following etiologic agents results in the formation of abscesses?

A	Staphylococcus
B	Mycoplasma
C	Streptococcus
D	Blastomyces
E	Coccidioides

Question 38

All of the following are used as first-line drugs for treating tuberculosis EXCEPT

A	ethambutol.
B	isoniazid.
C	fluoroquinolones.
D	rifampin.
E	pyrazinamide.

Question 39

Infection by which of the following is often confused with viral pneumonia?

A	Blastomyces
B	Coccidioides
C	Mycoplasma
D	Streptococcus
E	Mycobacterium

Question 40

Which one of the following causes a disease characterized by a red rash?

A	Blastomyces
B	Coccidioides
C	Mycoplasma
D	Streptococcus
E	RSV

Question 41

Inhalation of arthroconidia is responsible for infection by which of the following organisms?

A	Blastomyces
B	Coccidioides
C	Mycoplasma
D	Streptococcus
E	Chlamydophila

Question 42

All of the following are true of the common cold EXCEPT

A	it is caused by rhinoviruses and coronaviruses.
B	it is transmitted via aerosols and contact.
C	early treatment will drastically reduce the disease symptoms.
D	complications include laryngitis and otitis media.
E	the duration of symptoms is approximately one week.

Question 43

Which of the following statements regarding tuberculosis is FALSE?

A	Nearly 1/3 of the world's population is infected with tuberculosis.
B	Nearly 1/3 of the world's population shows symptoms of tuberculosis.
C	It is responsible for nearly 2 million deaths per year.
D	At least 1/3 of those who are TB-positive are also HIV-positive.
E	Treatment requires at least six months of antibiotic therapy.

Question 44

Which of the following diseases has a cutaneous form, especially in individuals over 30 years of age?

A	coccidioidomycosis
B	diphtheria
C	legionellosis
D	scarlet fever
E	psittacosis

Question 45

The primary victims of the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 were

A	members of the military.
B	infants and the elderly.
C	residents of Spain; therefore, it was known as the "Spanish Flu."
D	young adults.
E	residents of the U.S.

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