Nclex-Rn Practice Questions-Microbiology-Chemical Principles
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Question 1 |
If an amino acid contained a hydrocarbon (a group of multiple carbons and hydrogens linked together) as its side group, in which of the following categories could it be appropriately designated?
A | hydrophilic |
B | polar |
C | nonpolar |
D | basic |
E | acidic |
Question 2 |
The antimicrobial drug imidazole inhibits sterol synthesis. This would most likely interfere with
A | bacterial cell walls. |
B | fungal cell walls. |
C | eukaryotic plasma membranes. |
D | prokaryotic plasma membranes. |
E | genes. |
Question 3 |
Which are the primary molecules making up plasma membranes in cells?
A | carbohydrates |
B | lipids |
C | proteins |
D | nucleic acids |
Question 4 |
Which molecule is composed of a chain of amino acids?
A | carbohydrate |
B | lipid |
C | protein |
D | nucleic acid |
Question 5 |
What do genes consist of?
A | carbohydrates |
B | lipids |
C | proteins |
D | nucleic acids |
Question 6 |
Structurally, ATP is most like which type of molecule?
A | carbohydrate |
B | lipid |
C | protein |
D | nucleic acid |
Question 7 |
A scientist wants to perform a test that will indicate whether a nucleic acid sample is composed of RNA or DNA. Testing for the presence of which of the following is most appropriate in this situation?
A | phosphate |
B | nitrogen |
C | guanine |
D | uracil |
E | thymine |
Question 8 |
What is the type of bond between ions in salt?
A | ionic bond |
B | covalent bond |
C | hydrogen bond |
Question 9 |
What is the type of strong chemical bond between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a single organic molecule?
A | ionic bond |
B | covalent bond |
C | hydrogen bond |
Question 10 |
What is the type of weak bond between the hydrogen of one molecule and the nitrogen of another molecule, where the two don't actively share an electron?
A | ionic bond |
B | covalent bond |
C | hydrogen bond |
D | disulfide bond |
E | hydrophobic bond |
Question 11 |
Which of the following statements regarding protein structure is FALSE?
A | The primary structure is formed by covalent bonding between amino acid subunits. |
B | Secondary structures are formed only from hydrogen bonds. |
C | Tertiary structures are formed only from covalent bonds. |
D | Quaternary structures involved multiple polypeptides. |
Question 12 |
Most amino acids found in cells demonstrate what type of chirality?
A | L-isomers |
B | D-isomers |
C | C-isomers |
D | B-isomers |
E | A-isomers |
Question 13 |
Which type of molecule NEVER contains a phosphate group?
A | triglycerides |
B | phospholipid |
C | nucleic acid |
D | ATP |
Question 14 |
Which type of molecule contains the alcohol glycerol?
A | carbohydrate |
B | phospholipids |
C | DNA |
D | protein |
Question 15 |
Identify the following reaction: Glucose + Fructose → Sucrose + Water
A | dehydration synthesis reaction |
B | hydrolysis reaction |
C | exchange reaction |
D | reversible reaction |
E | ionic reaction |
Question 16 |
Which of the following is the type of bond between molecules of water in a beaker of water?
A | ionic bond |
B | covalent bond |
C | hydrogen bond |
Question 17 |
Which of the following is the type of bond holding K+ and I- ions in KI?
A | ionic bond |
B | covalent bond |
C | hydrogen bond |
Question 18 |
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A | Salts readily dissolve in water. |
B | Water molecules are formed by hydrolysis. |
C | Water freezes from the top down. |
D | Water is formed as a part of a dehydration synthesis reaction. |
E | Water is a polar molecule. |
Question 19 |
Starch, dextran, glycogen, and cellulose are polymers of
A | amino acids. |
B | glucose. |
C | fatty acids. |
D | nucleic acids. |
E | acids. |
Question 20 |
Which type of molecule is composed of (CH2O) units?
A | carbohydrate |
B | lipid |
C | nucleic acid |
D | protein |
Question 21 |
Based upon the valence numbers of the elements magnesium (2) and hydrogen (1), predict how many covalent bonds would form between these atoms to achieve the full complement of electrons in their outermost energy shells.
A | one |
B | two |
C | three |
D | four |
Question 22 |
Which of the following is a base?
A | C2H5OCOOH → H+ + C2H5OCOO- |
B | C2H5OH |
C | NaOH → Na+ + OH- |
D | H2O → H+ + OH- |
E | H2CO |
Question 23 |
Identify the following reaction: Lactose + H2O → Glucose + Galactose
A | dehydration synthesis reaction |
B | hydrolysis reaction |
C | exchange reaction |
D | reversible reaction |
E | ionic reaction |
Question 24 |
What is the type of bond holding hydrogen and oxygen atoms together in a single H2O molecule?
A | ionic bond |
B | covalent bond |
C | hydrogen bond |
Question 25 |
Antacids neutralize acid by the following reaction. Identify the salt in the following equation: Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O
A | Mg(OH)2 |
B | HCl |
C | MgCl2 |
D | H2O |
E | None of the answers is correct. |
Question 26 |
Which type of molecule contains -NH2 (amino) groups?
A | carbohydrate |
B | triglycerides |
C | nucleic acid |
D | protein |
Question 27 |
Two glucose molecules are combined to make a maltose molecule. What is the chemical formula for maltose?
A | C3H6O3 |
B | C6H12O6 |
C | C12H24O12 |
D | C12H22O11 |
E | C12H23O10 |
Question 28 |
Identify the following reaction: HCl + NaHCO3 → NaCl + H2CO3
A | dehydration synthesis reaction |
B | hydrolysis reaction |
C | exchange reaction |
D | reversible reaction |
E | ionic reaction |
Question 29 |
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A | NaOH ⇌ Na+ + OH- — base |
B | HF ⇌ H+ + F- — acid |
C | MgSO4 ⇌ Mg2+ + SO42- — salt |
D | KH2PO4 ⇌ K+ + H2PO4- — acid |
E | H2SO4 ⇌ 2H+ + SO42- — acid |
Question 30 |
Identify the following reaction: NH4OH ⇌ NH3 + H2O
A | dehydration synthesis reaction |
B | hydrolysis reaction |
C | exchange reaction |
D | reversible reaction |
E | ionic reaction |
Question 31 |
Which of the following statements about the atom 12/6 C is FALSE?
A | It has 6 protons in its nucleus. |
B | It has 12 neutrons in its nucleus. |
C | It has 6 electrons orbiting the nucleus. |
D | Its atomic number is 6. |
E | Its atomic weight is 12. |
Question 32 |
Radioisotopes are frequently used to label molecules in a cell. The fate of atoms and molecules in a cell can then be followed. Assume Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope 32P. After a 48-hour incubation, the majority of the 32P would be found in the S. cerevisiae's
A | plasma membrane. |
B | cell wall. |
C | water. |
D | proteins. |
E | carbohydrates. |
Question 33 |
Radioisotopes are frequently used to label molecules in a cell. The fate of atoms and molecules in a cell can then be followed. Assume Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope 35S. After a 48-hour incubation, the 35S would most likely be found in the S. cerevisiae's
A | carbohydrates. |
B | nucleic acids. |
C | water. |
D | lipids. |
E | proteins. |
Question 34 |
An E. coli culture that has been growing at 37°C is moved to 25°C. Which of the following changes must be made in its plasma membrane to help it cope with the decrease in temperature?
A | The number of phosphate groups must increase. |
B | The viscosity must increase. |
C | The number of saturated chains must increase. |
D | The number of unsaturated chains must increase. |
E | No changes are necessary. |
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