Nbde Part 2 Short Notes and Remembered Questions

ARROZ CON MANGO

Dear friends, these are remembered/repeated questions (RQs) and answers I COPIED and PASTED from different discussions on Facebook. I feel sorry because I couldn’t organize the file the way I wanted but I hope it helps. Probably you’ll find some wrong answers in this file, but PLEASE … DO NOT CRITICIZE! Find out the right answer, learn it, share it, PASS your test and BE HAPPY J

I wish you all the best GOD BLESS YOU!

PAITO

 

All of the following are adverse effects of opioids except? diarrhea and somnolence

Advantage of osteogenesis distraction is? less relapse, large movements

An investigation that is not accurate but consistent is: reliability

Remineralized enamel is rough and cavitation? Dark hard and opaque

Characteristics of a child with autism – repetitive action, sensitive to light and noise

S,z,che sounds : Teeth barely touching – True

Something about bio-transformation, more polar and less lipid soluble? – True

How much of he population has herpes? 80% – (65-90% worldwide; 80-85% USA) More than 3.7 billion people under the age of 50 – or 67% of the population – are infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), according to WHO’s first global estimates of HSV-1 infection published today in the journal PLOS

Steps of plaque formation: pellicle, biofilm, materia alba, plaque

Dose of hydrocortisone taken per year that will indicate have adrenal insufficiency and need supplement dose for surgery – 20 mg 2 weeks for 2 years

Rpd clasp breakage due to what? Work hardening

Most impacted tooth? Third molar not in options – Maxillary canine

Least common survival of lip cancer – white female

Aspirin mode of action – inhibit irreversible platelet aggregation thromboxane a2

Myasthenia gravis, what is contraindicated? erythromycin and aminoglycosides

Treatment for ANUG – Debridement and mouth rinse with h2O2 and if systemic involvement then antibiotics

Which type of periodontitis needs antibiotics – LAP

Antibiotic used for periodontitis – Tetra and Pen V, also metro

Asthma physiology definition – Wheezing on expiration

20.  Ranitidine definition – Selective H2 (Histamine) receptor antagonist, these receptors are present in Gastric mucosa lining. Thereby blocking the receptors and prevents release of Gastric acid.

Which is prevalent: 1 wall defect, 2 wall defect, 3 wall defect

Penumbra definition – Penumbra is lack of sharpness of the

Which is more hydrophillic pvs or polyether (this question was asked to me twice during day1) – Polyether (but also hydrocolloids)

Many questions on study model all leading to a common answer that was cross sectional study model (they tend to repeat the questions in different formations during day 1).

Face division vertically and horizontally – vertical 3 and horizontal 5

 

Disease more common in men (hemophilia)

One q on relation between incisal guidace is equal and condylar guidance – When adjusting the condylar guidance for protrusive relationship, the incisal guide pin on the articulator should be raised out of contact with the incisal guided

Many qs on study model leading to a common answer that was clinical trail (mostly they were on effectively of practices, drugs, etc).

Which has poorest prognosis and the answer was PLGA salivary gland tumor. They had confused it with adenoid cystic and mucoepi – False – Pleomorphous Low Grade Adenocarcinoma (PLGA) has good prognosis after surgical excision (Mosby) – I think answer is Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

 A lot of questions on anti cancer drugs so study it carefully… really sorry that i don’t remember them as I was poor in that topic – Dihydrofolate reductase by methotrexate, amoxicillin inhibits renal tubular secretion of

What comes before plaque or pellicle or biofilm

Deepest part of occlusal rest for rpd – marginal ridge

Simple questions in oral patho about cleidocranial as to what it affects (clavicles)

Many many many questions in endo with positive or negative findings in relation to percussion, palpation, night pain and then diagnosis of the combinations were

Simple questions in relation to pulpectomy and pulpotomy: pulpotomy – vital / pulpectomy – non vital

Questions on modellling technique in pt mngmt (pt made to observe his cousins or friends behaviour to improve his own)

Disto buccal extension of mandi cd lateral limit influenced by masseter or ramus

Key feature of the custom tray during final impression is its under extension? – The custom tray for a final mandibular or maxillary complete denture impression should have a spacer w/ stops to ensure the tray will be seated in proper relationship to the arch, and to ensure adequate room for the impression material. Other features: trimmed 2 mm short of the mucosal reflection and The primary indicator of the accuracy of border molding is the stability and lack is displacement of the tray in the mouth.

Class ii and iii drug:

S II: amphetamines, morphine, cocaine, pentobarbital,  oxycodone,  methadone, codeine, and Percocet (acetaminophen + oxycodone). (Must have a written prescription and cannot be refilled)

 

S III: Tylenol 3, Vicodin – must have a written prescription, refills do not need new prescription and may be called into the pharmacy.

Hemorrhage common complication of maxi extractions and to my surprise the same question with mandi extractions was asked but without the option of dry socket, infection was the only sane option so i went forAbsolute contra of papoose straps emergency situation or a co-operative patient

A lot of questions on 3/4th and 7/8 crowns but they were basic ones and i could derive the answer by using the facts given in dental

 

 

A lot of questions on ethical principals of a dentist (guys for these questions please ref to the ethical principal details mentioned on the ada website…. If you do it from there you will be able to nail each and every one of:

What sound is affected if incisors are placed too far superiorly and ant: f and v

Best (conservative) method to close a 1 mm non patho diastema in a young adult is:

composite

If a patient doesn’t have 3rd molars how many furcations will he have in mxi arch (to make the calculation simple there are three furcations for maxi teeth mesial distal and Buccal rest is simple calculation) – 16 – maxillary molars have 3 furcations (4 molars * 3 furcations = 12), 1st pm is bifurcated, that means it has 2 furcations (2*2=4). We have 16 furcations. 2nd premolars, central incisors, lateral incisors and canines do not have furcations.

Most common site for graft iliac – true

Most common site for mandi fracture – condyle

Complication with distraction osteogenesis – nerve damage

Implant analogue used to replicate the position of implant on the implant platform (confusing options were if its used for impressions? Nope that’s impression copings – An implant analogue is an implant replica and is inserted into the set impression material before the cast is Impression coping is attached directly to the implant fixture head. Impression copings facilitate transfer of the intraoral location of the implant to the same position on the laboratory cast. Impression copings can be either screwed into the implant body or screwed or snapped onto an implant abutment.

Simple questions on implants like distance from adjacent tooth and the implant

1.5mm

Distance from the ant loop and the implant which is 5mm

During IANB bleeding is caused due to puncture into which artery – inferior alveolar artery

Two questions on ideal resto material for a class v lesion but this patient was young and had an active caries condition (I was shocked to see this question repeat twice with minor formation changes) – According to DD: glass ionomer is indicated in high caries risk and CLASS V where esthetics is a concern, so I would go with

 

Two questions on the incision for int bevel in which direction is it directed – the internal bevel incision (reverse bevel) starts at a distance from the gingival margin and is aimed at the bone

Which of the following cements should not be used with all ceramic restorations due to reports of ceramic fractures? 1. Gic 2. Resin luting cement 3. Zinc phosphate cement 4. Resin modified GIC

Same went for gingivectomy (same q on where is the incision directed) – above mucogingival junction .

Why do we remove bone during modified widman flap – to achieve a good tissue adaptation to the neck of the

Which type of comp are used for two cases posterior comp and for repairing small occlusal defects (micro, mid, macro, etc ) – Microhybrids – they have particular size small enough to polish to a shine similar to microfills but large enough to be highly filled, thus achieving higher strength. Particle size small enough to polish and high strength. Retain good properties of hybrids (strength), with improved handling. Polishability almost equal to microfills. Universal use—anterior and posterior restorations.

Microfills: high  polishability  but  low  fracture  toughness  (esthetic  areas,  anterior restorations), lower elastic modulus—better in class V situations.

Hybrids: not high polish but improved physical properties compared to microfills., Universal use—anterior and posterior

Macro filled  composites:  First-generation”  restorative  composites.  Poor  physical  and mechanical properties. Poor

 

Why don’t we do posterior comp – because of its low wear resistance we don’t do posterior composite in cases of

Dentist does a comp but shade is too light what is the most conservative mngmt which acc to my opnion was apply tint and not redo the entire restoration – tint

Simple q like chisel cuts – used mainly to cut enamel

 

A lot of questions on mngmt of hypertension like wha drug for mild cases, what drug for sever cases or htn emergency:

Mild hypertension: CHLOROTHIAZIDE (thiazides), diuretics, beta-blockers such as PROPRANOLOL, alpha1 blockers such as ATENOLOL, centrally acting adrenergic drugs such as METHYLDOPA or CLONIDINE, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors such as CAPTOPRIL, LISINOPRIL.

Severe hypertension: GUANETHIDINE and ganglionic blocking

What not to give in COPD emergency mnmgt which acc to my opinion was only oxygen (other options had a potent bronchodilator along whith o2 which is the way to go) – True, inhalation of 100% oxygen is contraindicated in a patient w/ COPD

Montelukast and zakirlucast what type of drugs in relation to their effect on leukotriene – Block leukotriene (cys-LT1) receptors

Simple calculations in LA (based upon normal values and how much to give i the give case, how much epi is present in x carpule ).

Effect of age on biotransformation of the drug (this was a bouncer for me)- W/ age -> slower rate of biotransformation and reduced rates of elimination – Children will inactivate and eliminate medications faster than adults. In the elderly there may be a diminished dose requirement for many medications because of  age-related decreases in liver mass, hepatic enzyme activity, and hepatic blood

If one increases the h2o to powder ratio what does it do with relation to hardness and expansion (this is for gypsum) – decreased setting expansion and decreased strength (increased setting time)

What property of a cement is not affected by water to powder ratio options were solubility, consistency, thickness, etc

What would one prefer distal rest or mesial rest…. always go for mesial rest – mesial to edentulous

Sulcular depth req for lingual bar – depth = 7-8 mm minimum At least 4 mm below the gingival margins

Most rigid type of maxi major connector – anterior-posterior palatal strap

Question on migrane with how the TRIPTANS work – Triptans are agonists at serotonin 5- HT(1b/1d) receptors – serotonin 5-HT agonist antimigraine drugs (Mosby)

Pt with symptoms of headache fatigue fever and vision loss… the only sane option was temporal arteritis – True: weight loss, polymyalgia, rheumatic, fever, decreased vision, jaw claudication. (Mosby)

Supernumerary teeth with intestinal polps and osteomas (Gardners syndrome) – True

Unstimulated flow from submandibular salivary gland – 1ml/minute

Ant flabby tissue under maxi cd and mandi ant natural teeth combination syndrome or kellys syndrome – True

Pka with rate of onset, lipid solubility with bioavailability of a drug (two questions on that)

Sign of kidney failure which will levels will shoot the earliest blood: uric acid, creatinine, creatinine phosphokinase, urea, etc – creatinine

Q on when to treat patient with respect to dialysis: one day after his

Commonly used nsaid in kids is: ibuprofen

Acetaminophen acts on temp centre in hypothalamus thus causing its anti pyretic effect, options were supposed to confuse us to choose prostaglandins. Hypothalamus

-> temperature regulation center.

Then the same old same old question was asked as to if a patient has basal cel carcinoma and you are about to break the news to him and he says that just tell me straight do i have cancer or not, first response should be should i cal someone to be with you, the other option which made sense was that prognosis of basal cell is good but this shoudnt be the anser in my opnio as the patient is in a grumpy mood and you need to calm him down first before going on to discuss the details with him).

Advantage of led light cure with respect to haolge – energy efficient, lightweight, lifetime

What is the first stage of HIV infection, i went for asymptomatic phase as that’s the first stage followed by acute infection, aids related complex which as hairy tongue, leukoplakia, and other stuff and lastly full blown

Dementia early sign short term loss or long term loss… i went with short term as one of my family member suffered from it so i remembered it crystal

Autism patient will have problem with listening and speaking there was a q on that too – Delay in several skill areas as talking, listening, plating with peers, and attention span.

Denture considerations in patients with diabetes like use porcelain teeth, arch shape should be narrow, imp with non pressure tech rest of the points are given in decks… the question was on arch shape

One opg with a radio lucency extending from post mand to ant, the sane option was OKC and the confusing options were ameloblastoma, but since ameloblastoma spreads labiolingually rather than ant post – OKC – antero-posterior direction without bony expansion and often associated with impacted

One more pano with radiolucency seen with unerrupted tooth and the only sane option was dentigerous cyst – It contains a crown of an unerupted tooth (DD)

Cause of ORN which had two conf options like bisphos and 42 gy , i went with bisphos as 42 gy is susceptible and more than 60 gy means he has high chances but bisphos is

 

like the principal cause that’s y it was called BRONJ but now they have changed it to MRONJ which is medically induced orn – FALSE: osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is related to head and neck radiation and BRONJ is bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw – related to intravenous and oral bisphosphonates therapy. If the case is about ORN the answer is not bisphosphonates. If the question is about BRONJ or MRONJ the answer should be bisphosphonates.

Base value for good patient relation is: communication should be good

Same follow up on this question was active listening is done by active eye

Never judge a patient …this was the q and a never what …. (and the only sane  option was) judge

Plz do all the interferences and wht cusps occlude with what during maximum intcusptn… there is a nice video on youtube called fence diagram video which i had done during part one that helped me a

Very little qs on ortho mostly with cephalometrics angles like sna snb and stuff bc they were kept in store for day two

Dist between casette/grid and the collimator for a lateral ceph 15cm, 60 cm, 5 inch, 6 inch (as per i remember these were the options, but i just randomly gussed this one ).

 

 

 

One pano of a kid and dental age was asked

Supernumerary teeth occurs due to problem in what stage of tooth development ans was: initiation

Basic questions on space maintainers like loss of uni first primary molar what does one give – Band and loop

Class v cavity punch the hole on rubber dam more bucally – True

Same for gold restoration use 212 ivory clamp – clamp #212 for CLASS V facial preparation

Same for teeth who bear clamps the hole should be bigger than the rest – hole punched larger than usual and slightly to the facial of the other holes in the – BB

Intrusion of primary maxi central 5mm inside what to do splint it or leave and follow up and allow to re-erupt.

Most common cause of amalgam failure imp prep or moisture contamination

Bur to polish porcelain is diamond

Question on what type of dentin shouldn’t be removed during prep which is eburnated dentin – True – we don’t remove sclerotic = eburnated dentin

One question which i don’t remember very clearly but it was on the fact that never do pulpo on closed apex – True, pulpotomy is indicated on undeveloped primary

One thing we cant see clearly on 2d image is missed canal or extra canal which requires CBCT – Dental cone beam computed tomography (CT) … but the way this was put was confusing but once i read it carefully i could break it down .

Le forte 1 was with max sinus

Plz do all the elevators carefully, i got a question saying which of these can’t be used for mandi pm and the only sane option was 151 – False: #151 is for mandibular pm, we can’t use #23 because it is for mandibular

You need to adjust the denture near bucca frenum as the denture keeps on falling when the patient smiles… this is due to which muscle – Because it’s maxillary it should be orbicularis. Buccal frenum -> triangularis (mandibular), Labial frenum -> orbicularis (mandibular and maxillary).

For implant the instrument specification is: low speed and high torque

 

One question on bundling with the same scenario as dentist charging a  procedure as one whe and the insurance company charging it as two different procedures – I think it’s unbundling -> separating of a dental procedure into component

Stippling is seen on: Attached gingiva

You did a prep with high speed and diamond bur, tooth is sensitive, what is it about bur and handpiece that it caused sensitivity? A) Desiccation b) traumatized dentin c) Heat

What is lithium used for? Psychotic stage of bipolar

8yrs old girl with ant crossbite, max laterals have not erupted yet. When and how do you treat crossbite? I put immediate tx and some appliance with springs

Same girl, supposedly there’s a supernumerary not erupted next to 6, what can happen when u extract it? A-necrosis of 6 B- necrosis of 7 C-necrosis of 8 D-7 won’t erupt

Benzo overdose? Flumazanil

Flumazenil what for? Reverse benzodiazepines

Tooth most with dry – mandibular 3rd molar

Pvs and latex interaction – sulfur in the latex retards the setting of addition silicone

What does major connector does? Rigidity and Stability

Width of palatal strap – I put 8mm not sure, (single palatal strap its width is more than 8mm)

How do u compensate protrusion in articulator something like that. I put slide forward 5-8mm

Lesion hard and painful near lower Options fibroma, neurofibroma, traumatic neuroma. They didn’t say that pt had denture. (Traumatic neuroma = painful / Neurofibroma = asymptomatic)

Lesion on tongue: Pyogenic granuloma, Ectopic thyroid gland, Giant ossifying fibroma (Pyogenic granuloma = 75% on gingiva / Giant ossifying fibroma = exclusive to gingiva / Ectopic thyroid gland = base of tongue) – it’s provably pyogenic granuloma because pyogenic granulomas are also found on the tongue, BUT! Keep in mind that neurilemoma (schwannoma) is an encapsulated mass that presents as  an asymptomatic lump and the tongue is the most common

Hemangioma on tongue – hamartoma

Pt with aids what do u ask? Cd4 or viral count – T-cell counts are most important for staging the disease and guiding dental (Kaplan Cases)

New pt upset, crossing arms, looking at What do u ask after introduction

-What brings u here today?

Pointer in facebow, what for – designed to mark anterior reference point (infraorbital notch) and can be locked in position with a It is present in the arbitrary facebow.

Saturation –Chroma –hue –value

What albuterol causes -risk of caries -dry mouth (chronic use of albuterol is known to cause xerostomia).

What not to give in asthmatic attack? We give: 1st oxygen w/ beta2-adrenergic agonist (albuterol, terbutaline). If resistant to beta agonists => Theophylline. We can also give corticosteroids. Epi is only for severe asthmatic

Heart rate in child – 110

 

Max dose of Tylenol – 4g (4000 mg per 24 hours)

Tylenol kids: 10-15 mg/Kg dose every 4-6h

Kid is 65 pounds, how many carpules of lido? 1-3

ANB of 1 what skeletal class is – Class II (ANB >4 = Class II)

SNA of 87 and SNB of 81 what it means – Skeletal class II – prognathic maxilla

Pt wants dentures. For tx, pt had 2 and 3, 22, 24, 24, 25, 27, 32. 18 What is unnaceptable do for tx plan option. There were different types of options with implants, fpd, I put extraction of all teeth

Tylenol which schedule – Sch 3 if with codeine (Tylenol 3)

Need of sinus lift for ext of ant upper teeth? False!

What pain med for patient with apnea – Nevertheless, patients with OSA who undergo surgical procedures should receive regional analgesia and non-opioid agents (e.g., NSAIDs) if there are no contraindications for their us

146.            Disadvantage of NO2 – It is not a complete pain reliever (a local anesthetic is still required), nausea is the most common patient complaint, and diffusion hypoxia can occur.

What could cause unilateral class II molar? Early extraction of A (max 2nd molar)

Early unilateral loss of a deciduous second molar is likely to cause the developing dentition to be crowded as the first permanent molar will drift or tip mesially.

1% chlorhexidine gel. Where do u use it?

Interproximal caries

Root Erosion

Occlusal amalgam with minor open margin

Goal of GTR? – Coronal movement of PDL – regenerate the periodontum, promoting growth of endothelial cells, osteblasts and cementoblasts (NOT EPITHELIAL CELLS)

What no to do on D of 3rd molar is there’s not enough keratinized tissue? I put

Distal wedge

What anxiolytic for pregnant and breastfeeding – Promethazine

DMFT for what study? Community trials (epidemiological)

Who has more diabetes? Black males

Perio doesn’t depend on nutritional – T

In class III kennedy where do u get support and retention from? Entirely tooth supported (abutments) – Rests and bases for support

Pt with porcelain and amalgams, what fluoride to give? Neutral NaF

Most common anomaly? DI (after cleft palate)

First pass metabolism – Liver (enteral – oral)

Teeth joined by dentin and cementum? Fusion

What pain med for liver toxicity? Oxycodone

What pain for pt with bleeding problems? Acetaminophen

Ginseng not with? Aspirin

Advantage of IV – Titration

Reverse epinephrine by – Phentolamine (selective alpha blocker phentalomine, phenoxybenzamine, prazosin)

Epi works on which receptor: all alpha and beta

First side effect of beta blocker – weakness or drowsiness (The most common adverse side effects of beta blockers are WEAKNESS & DROWSINESS) – BB

Which Anesthesia without epi – Mepivacaine

 

Allergic to both ester and amide what to give – Diphenhydramine (Benadril)

EMLA composed of which two type of anesthesia – Lido 5 % and 2.5% prilocaine

Which Anesthesia not with anemia – prilocaine

Anesthesia not vasodilator – Cocaine

Why anesthesia not work in inflammation – Less free base

First nerve affect by LA – Small unmyelinated (pain and temperature)

Which trimester contraindicate the No2 –1st

Most Caries where? Max 1st molar (according to Kaplan)

Overdose of LA what to give – diazepam (for toxicity)

Antagonist of diazepam – flumazenil

Problem in liver which benzo to give – LOT- lorazepam, oxazepam n temazepam

Buspirone which receptor works in – Serotonin – BUSPIRONE (BUSPAR) – a minor tranquilizer orally administered anxiolytic (anti-anxiety agent) whose mechanism works by DIMINISHING SEROTONERGIC ACTIVITY. – BB

Best anti epileptic for absence seizure – Ethosuxemide

LA contra with which drug: MOA – LA with epi contra with MAO inhibitors, also with TCA – Epi contraindicated w/

Omeprazol used for (GERD or zollinger)? – GERD

Remember all the antibiotics effect on protein synthesis – Clinda, macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol

Most common side effect of clindamycine is – Psudomembranous colitis

Mech of action of nystatin – inhibit ergosterol

Which drug increase the effect of amoxicillin – Probenecid

Drug not with milk – Tetracycline

All of these are antipsychotic exept (lorazepam) – T

Drug not with cimetidine – Terfenadine (Seldane) (dangerous drug interaction) – Cimetidine: a potent inhibitor of hepatic drug-metabolizing

190.            Drugs known to interact with SELDANE are ketoconazole (NIZORAL), erythromycin (E-MYCIN),    nefazodone    (SERZONE),    itraconazole    (SPORANOX),    clarithromycin (BIAXIN), mibefradil (POSICOR) as well as grapefruit juice.

Eps (Extrapyramidal syndrome) with which drug except: clozapine – Effectively treats Schizophrenia and more effective & less toxic than the older – BB

Aspirin cuz all except (hyperpnea / tacypenia / hyperkalemia / hyperthermia) – It

causes hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.

Tx of motion sickness – scopolamine

Tx of myasthenia gravis – pyridostigmine (edrophonium just for diagnosis) – Neostigmine or Pyridostigmine – are cholinesterase inhibitors used to reverse the NMJ blockade (paralysis) caused by NMJ blockers. – BB

Edrophonuim all true except (cause dry mouth) – Edrophonium is an indirect- acting cholinergic agonist (cholinomimetic). Drug of choice to “diagnose” myasthenia gravis because of its rapid onset of action and

Which drug is safe in Myesthenia Gravis (a) Penicillin (b) Erythromycin (c) Clarithromycin (d) IIDR

Tx of xerostomia due to radiation – Pilocarpine

Overdose of organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor – Pralidoxime

Dont use cortisone in (all the answer were contraindicate so I picked all)

Mech of action of diltiazem – Calcium channel blockers useful as anti-anginal agents to treat chronic stable angina pectoris by blocking calcium entry through the

 

membranous calcium ion channels of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. – Calcium channel blockers that prevent angina attacks by dilating coronary blood vessels to improve blood flow to the heart muscle. – Calcium channel blockers decrease oxygen demand by reducing afterload by reducing peripheral resistance via vasodilation.

Contra for use digoxin – Diuretics (will inc digitalis toxicity), also contraindicated in ventricular fibrillation & ventricular

Mech of action of heparin – potentiation of Antithrombin III, thus inactivating thrombin. This prevents the formation of – BB

The most important anticoagulant effect of heparin is to interfere with the convertion of: 1. PTA t PTC 2. PTC to factor VII Fibrinogen to fibrin – (ASDA) 4. Prothrombin to thrombin 5. Proaccelerin to accelerin.

Aldosterone antagonist – Spironolactone – Spironolactone a pharmacologic antagonist of aldosterone in the collecting tubule. Spironolactone competes with aldosterone receptor sites in the renal tubules causing increased secretion of Na+, CI, and H20, while conserving K+. – BB

Cyp34A u should know how drug effect on it, from dd only – Inhibitors are antifungals, increase triazolam serum concentration. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4, is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine. It oxidizes small foreign organic molecules (xenobiotics), such as toxins or drugs, so that they can be removed from the – Wiki

Which drugs affect cytochrome P450 metabolism of other drugs? erythromycin lowers cytochrome P450 metabolism of other drugs, Macrolid ABs, antifungual, cimetidine

Tx of glaucoma by: betaxolol – Pilocarpine, Betaxolol, Latanoprost, Bimatoprost

Overdose of lead tx by – EDTA by chelation (Mosby)

Modafinil decreases GABA to improve what – glutamate (Modafinil decreases GABA and increases glutamate, dopamine, and orexin)

 

Overdose of morphine tx by – Naloxone (Opioid adverse effects are reversed & recovery hastened by administration of Naloxone (Narcan) an opioid )

Only opioid transmucosal is – Fentanyl

212.              Side effects of opioid – sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, physical dependence, tolerance, and respiratory depression.

Common Side Effects OF OPIOIDS: sedation and  drowsiness (by depressing the conscious centers of the brain), dizziness, & nausea. The MOST common side effect of the narcotic (opiate) analgesics is NAUSEA. Narcotic analgesics DO NOT cause peptic ulcers (steroids) or – BB

Light pass through to through? (craze line / crack)

Not in the first line of tx of periodontists? (antibiotic/surgery)

Not feature of modify Widman flap? (displace/no reduce of osseous defect)

Most common cause of amalgam failure is? contamination

Doing FMX and u charged the patient for each one is: unbundling

If u reject null hypothesis and p = 08 (type 1 error)

Wheelchair (I picked something with sliding) – Important points: Two people required for shifting patient. 2. Do not pull patient from behind chair. 3. Lock chair wheels before shifting. – Sliding board is the best

 

Child with furcation involve in tooth number E best treatment is (extraction)? – According to Mosby à if it is a restorable 2nd primary molar and there is no root resorption, tx of choice is pulpectomy. We need to know the child’s age If it is a 1st molar w/ furcation involvement then we talk about extraction.

Best test to test tooth with crown (cold test)

Worst media to save avulsion tooth (water)

Union between two teeth by the mean of cementum is (concrescense)

Stimulated salivary flow (1ml/min)-1L in 24h

Unstimulated (0.1ml/min) no 2 or 0.3

Trapezoidal mouth and shovel incisor? Apert – Oral manifestations of Apert syndrome includes trapezoidal shaped mouth, shovel shaped incisors, Byzantine arch shaped palate, severely delayed eruption, severe crowding and ectopic eruption. – BB

Baby bottle decay affect mostly (max ant)

Most common cause of sealant failure – Contamination with saliva

Most beneficiated tooth with sealants? Maxillary 1st molar

NaF for how many minutes should be applied – 4 minutes

Most common congenital missing primary tooth – primary maxillary lateral incisors

Missing permanent – Most common congenitally missing tooth is the mandibular second premolar (excluding 3rd molars), followed by the lateral incisor, followed by the maxillary second premolar (Mosby)

Most common primary ankylosed tooth? Primary 2nd mandibular molar – now you know why J

The smallest primary tooth is – Primary mandibular lateral incisor

Mesial cusp ridge is longer than distal one in – Maxillary 1st pm, also in primary max

Which stage   abnormality   may   cause    peg    shape   lateral   –  bell   stage (morphodifferentiation)

Two canals mostly in which pm – maxillary 1st pm

EDTA I picked can remove THIN calcification not any calcification (Thin layer of calcification)

Question about pulp diagnosis (pain on percussion) not respond to thermal (I picked d) A: abscess with irreversible pulpitis B:reverible pulpitis C:periodontitis D: non of above

No generation after endo for: dentin

Remineralized enamel is harder and darker – T

245 longer than 330 – T

Change amalgam to composite (I picked veracity) – T

Class 2 caries triangle and the apex to the pulp – T

Cusp reduction resistance form – T

Most lab complain from: under prepared – T

Composite and bleaching wait 1 week before composite – T

Ameloblastoma from okc (light microscope)

Which of these will not cause SICKLE CELL anemia crisis – NO2

Stridor (larangyospasm)

Seizure due to (hypo-Na) – hypoNAtremia

Initiator of light cure?? 1/Camphoroquinone 2/ benzyl peroxide

 

Albuterol side effect? tremor, anxiety, headache, muscle cramp, DRY MOUTH, tachycardia.

Albuterol side effects except? excess salivation b. tachycardia c. diarrhea. d. CNS stimulation.

Ledronate use in treat which disease – Pagets, osteoporosis

N2o side effect: Nausea and vomiting

Pt on Biophosphonate what to do? endo

With the increase in age, keratinization of the gingiva: decreases

Width of attached gingiva with age – increases

40 years male how to correct cross bite ? Surgery

Not feature of modify Widman flap (displace/no reduce of osseous defect) – bony defects can be curetted (Oxford)

Most common respiratory problem in dental clinic (hyperventilation / no asthma in the choices)

Target in x Ray? anode and tungsten

Dementia? Short term memory loss

266.              Amantadine: antiviral (influenza A) and antiparkinsonian drug.

ADHD? Which drug – Amphetamine (Adderall) and methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Large composit and acceptable appearance what to do? Tint

More affect perio? Smoking

Distobuccal complete denture? Masseter

01? Type 1 error

Least Ab use? Chronic perio

Lisinopril moa? Inhibition of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme  (ACE)  Inhibitor:  interfere  with  the  conversion  of  Angiotensin  I (weak vasoconstrictor) into Angiotensin II (highly effective vasoconstrictor that simulates the release of Aldosterone) by inhibiting the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. – BB

What will not set off an event in a child with sickle disease: Trauma, Cold, Infection, Nitrous oxide

Will have wavelength ? HUE

Pt mouth breather? Open bite

Most tooth affect perio? Max molar (Max 1st molar – most difficult)

Distance btw Implants? 3mm

Down syndrom = Macroglossia

ANUG treatment – debridement, hydrogen peroxide (or warm saline) rinses, and antibiotic therapy (penicillin V) ONLY if there is systemic involvement (i.e. fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy). Patients with HIV-associated ANUG require gentle debridement and antimicrobial

Max sinus x Ray? Waters, Ct, Both in op

Lefort 1? Max sinus involvement

Atenolol which receptor? Atenolol (Tenormin) – competitive b1 cardioselective antagonist that blocks b1 receptors to treat hypertension, chronic angina pectoris, or after a heart attack (MI recovery).

Flouride which ion? OH- ion (hydroxil ion)

The color of gingiva is due to: A. Capillaries B. Thickness of epithelium C. Thickness of keratinization and pigmentation All of the above

While u taking pano u patient move? Horizontal overlap

 

Junctional epithelium: Is permeable

Least test for recent Truma ? EPT

Most common cause of xerostomia? Medication

Dentogingival unit comprises of: Gingival fibers and junctional epithelium

Free gingival groove represents: Histologic depth of gingival sulcus

Which type of cells are most numerous in gingiva? Keratinocytes

Gingiva is supplied by: Supraperiosteal vessels

The junctional epithelium is attached to the tooth by: Basal lamina

Gingiva is attached by: Junctional epithelium

The length of junctional epithelium is: 0.25–1.35 mm

Least width of attached gingiva is found on the facial aspect of: First premolar

Normal consistency of gingiva is: Soft B. Hard C. Firm D. Firm and leathery

Gingiva in children: Less keratinized, less stippled

Eulanin fibers are found in: A. Gingiva B. Cementum C. Alveolar Periodontal ligament

The function of Langerhan’s cells is: Antigen presentation to lymphocytes

Langerhan’s cells are absent in: Junctional epithelium

Which periodontal fibers are consistent and are reconstructed even after the destruction of the alveolar bone? Transeptal

In periodontal ligament, there is: type I collagen

Periodontal ligament is: narrower on mesial surface

The periodontal ligament: contains epithelial cells of Malassez

PDL is thinnest at: Middle

What type of fibers are principal fibers of PDL? Collagenous

Periodontal fibers which are most resistant to forces along the long axis are:

Oblique

The thixotropic theory claims that: The periodontal ligament has the rheologic behavior of a thixotropic gel

Alveolar bone is: Compact bone

Anatomic form of roots of teeth is determined by:

Hertwig’s root sheath

“Indifferent fibers” are: Collagen fibers

With aging, changes in periodontal ligament are:

Decrease in number of cells and increase in collagen fibers

Increase in number of cells and decrease in collagen fibers

C.  Increase in number of elastic fibers

Hyalinization changes

Feature of   aging    periodontium   is:      Scalloping      of cementum and alveolar bone surface

Unattached gingiva: A. is interdental gingiva B. is below mucogingival fold C. cannot be separated by probe

D. is marginal gingiva

A black line on the gingiva which follows the contour of the margin is due to:

lead B. Argyria C. Iron D. Mercury

Basal lamina consists of: Type IV collagen fibers

Cementum found on the cervical third of the root is: Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum

The cell that is present in stratum spinosum and stratum basale is: Melanocytes

 

What make penicillin allergic – Beta lactame ring

Space loss after loss of which primary tooth – Mand 2nd molar

Composite discolored but intact what to do – Redo or polish (go w/ Tint if in options)

What happen if temp of developing solution is too high – Dark

When you put occlusal rest set of direct reatiner mesial or distal to edentulous area? mesial

Inc water powder ratio in gypsum does what: Decreased setting expansion, Decreased strength, increase working/setting time (retards the time)

Which bur is not good for porcelain – Carbide

Advantage of implant over fix partial denture

Best way to dec fear of child – TSD

Best way to dec fear of child ..I said sit down to child’s level

Dentist ask a child u want me to help you to sit on the chair …how to define this situation: one option was perceived helplessness

Tooth most involved in VRF – Mand 1st molar

Advantage of stainless steel over ni titanium – strength

Ledge what to do – bypass it and continue

Collagenase and elastase by which bacteria – Porphyromonas gingivalis

LOW WEAR RESISTANCE is the property of filled resins that is primarily to blame for the failure of Class II composite restorations – T

Common reason for failure of composite in posterior – Saliva contamination or

occlussal wear (recurrent caries according to other books)

Anterior teeth heavily damaged what do you do – PFM or all ceramic crown

What can’t be used as retainers in FPD: inlay

Primary tooth with shortest occlusal table – Upper primary first molar

Pt came back after a month with discolored margins what could be the reason –

microleakage

Pt came back after 3 day with discolored margins on veneer what could be the reason – Amine or micro-leakage or bacteria

Function of post – Retain core

Why you record protusive relationship – to adjust condylar guidance

A protrusive record registers the anterior-inferior condyle path at one particular point in the translatory movement of the condyles. – Mosby

A dentist is preparing all maxillary anterior teeth for metal-ceramic crowns. Which of the following procedures is necessary to preserve and restore anterior guidance?

Protrusive record B. Template for provisional restorations C. Custom incisal guide table D. Interocclusal record in centric relation – Anterior guidance must be preserved by means of construction of a custom incisal guide table, especially when restorative procedures change the surfaces of anterior teeth that guide the mandible in excursive (lateral, protrusive) movements. – Mosby

Where to place retentive arm – Retentive terminal alone below ht of contour at junction of middle and gingival third (FB group discussion) / Gingival one third of crown in measured undercut (Mosby) – The reciprocal clasp should contact the tooth on or above the height of contour of the tooth (Middle one third of crown).

347.            Reciprocal arm what for – Stabilization (resistance of horizontal forces), reciprocation, and auxiliary indirect retention (bracing). Placed on Suprabulge area.

Reciprocal anchorage? – Elastics to close diastema? No

 

Reciprocal tooth movement—two equal anchorage value teeth or groups of  teeth (units) are moved against each other and move the same amount toward or away from each

Reinforced anchorage—adding additional teeth to a unit to distribute the force over a greater area and slowing the movement of the anchor unit. Another method for reinforcing anchorage would be extraoral force, such as with headgear, with  interarch elastics, or by using an

349.            Behaviour modifiaction definition? Behavior modification is a treatment approach, based on the principles of operant conditioning, that replaces undesirable behaviors with more desirable ones through positive or negative reinforcement.

Child lives in fluoridated area he had a lot of plaque what do you suggest – More systemic fluoride or topical fluoride or fissure sealants.

Topical antifungal options fluconazole clotrimazole miconazole griseofulvin

Antifungal that can be topical and systemic. fluconazole clotrimazole  miconazole, griseofulvin – Miconazole Therapeutic Uses: is an azole antifungal drug available for topical and systemic administration – BB

Does premedications required options were cardiac stent murmurs pt had knee replacement within 2years or congestive heart failure or recent MI

Bacteria present in gingiva in ANUG when tissue is not necrosis – Spirochete or

P.interdemdia (P intermedia only, necrosis assoc with spirochete- DD).

Pt is having asymptomatic brown macules on buccal mucosa – Increase melanin or melanocyte proliferation. – “Melanotic macules: These lesions can also occur within the oral cavity, commonly gingiva, buccal mucosa or palate. The cause increased melanin production with NO increase in melanocyte ”

Least resistant to fracture – Leiutic or feldspathic

How morphine cause nausea – Centrally acting right ? – True

Probing depth is 5 and prob pass 2 mm apical from CNJ how much is the attachment loss – 2 mm

Which structure is damaged during free gingival flap surgery taken from palate:

Greater palatine artery or nerve

The reason of high pressure in pregnant women – Pre-eclampsia

After IAN block patient gets infection of which space – Ptergomandibular (masticatory) or messeter or lateral pharyngeal or medial ptergoid

A lot of translucency on pontics gingival 3rd what is the reason- wrong shade selection or wrong metal thickness or inadequate preparation

Excessive translucency of the gingival 1/3 of an anterior metal ceramic pontic is caused by: Inadequate framework design 2. Error in shape selection 3. Poor ridge contour. 4. The palladium content in the gold alloy.

On x-ray of max tooth RL between the margin of a crown and tooth on distal proximal surface. The reason of RL can be all, except: resin, cervical burn, cervical (Other options I do not remember).

Preloading of implant whats the major concern – Torque

Pt wit gag needs to take x ray? How to manage that – Systematic desensitization or graded exposure

Folic acid intake in pat for? – no answer options – Folic acid is commonly prescribed for patients with sickle cell anemia to prevent development of megaloblastic anemia – Folic acid to prevent neural tube

Abscess can be released from perio pocket or not – YES

 

What do you say if patient ask about instrument sterilization – its according to universal precautions

Gtr best for – GTR best for 3 wall defect and also class 2 furcation

Does anyone know from Class 1 till 4 furcation the treatment plan? Class 1 furcation – good prognosis

Class 2 furcation – GTR Class 3 furcation

….in maxilla – Root amputation

….in mandible – Hemisection Class 4 furcation – Extract

Pain medication for alchoholic – Nsaid or oxycodone

Most common emergency in dental clinic – syncope

Most common resp emergency in clinic – hyperventilation

Function of major connector: Stability or rigidity.

Can we give lorazepam in liver disase? – LOT – lorazepam, oxazepam, Temazepam – good when liver

How to determine periodontal success – No bleeding on probing or establish clinical attachment?  –  The  BEST  CRITERION  to  evaluate  the  success  of  SRP  is  NO BLEEDING   ON   PROBING   (since  BOP  indicates  active  inflammatory  periodontal disease). Amount of attachment loss is the most important factor in the determination of a prognosis of a tooth with periodontal disease (more accurate than probing depth, tooth mobility, and presence of furcation involvement). à Long term prognosis

= plaque

–          Attachment loss à Prognosis of tooth w/ periodontal disease

Bleeding on probing à periodontal success

Plaque à Long term prognosis

TWO MOST  CRITICAL  FACTORS  to  determine  the  prognosis  of  a  periodontally involved tooth are MOBILITY & ATTACHMENT LOSS (the most critical).

Who review patient on maintenance after referral with periodontal treatment:

Dentist or hygienist or dental assistance.

Drug for neuogenic and manic . Tegretol (carbamazepine) or lithium

Viral load of HIV 10000 do you treat the patient or referral to specialist – refer

Abscess can be relieved thru perio pocket.T/F

Feeling of been in the doom – Panic attack or anxiety or simple fear

Tongue blade appliance is used in? – anterior cross bite

Pt recive blow to eye orbital floor less common to fracture t/False

Pt who took treatment for hep A before 3 years so he still contagious or NO

What drug (pain) you give to pt with renal failure: Tylenol nsaid codien morphine

Teeth with necrotic pulp and perio Only RCT or perio treatment too?

Only RCT

At least 4mm of gutta-percha MUST remain to preserve the apical

Face bow transfers relation of arches? In centric relation, In centric occlusion

Most common site(s) for contact stomatitis – Side of tongue, Hard palate, Gingiva,

All

Best radiograph for implant? CT scan. PA. MRI

How to treat oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV patient – Topical or systemic, (fluconazole). Esophageal  and  pharyngeal  candidiasis  is  related  with  AIDS.  Oral candidiasis à topical antifungal (clotrimazole or nystatin). – Kaplan Cases

 

You have HIV+ pt you can do all of the followin except

treath with metronidozole

free gingival graft

c)prophylaxix to treat candidiasis

“Data from  prospective controlled trials indicate that fluconazole can reduce the risk  of mucosal disease (i.e., oropharyngeal, esophageal, and vulvovaginal) in patients with advanced HIV. However, routine primary prophylaxis is not recommended because mucosal disease is associated with very low attributable morbidity and mortality and, moreover, acute therapy is highly effective. Primary antifungal prophylaxis can lead to infections caused by drug-resistant Candida species and introduce significant drug-drug interactions. In addition long-term oral prophylaxis is expensive. Therefore, routine primary prophylaxis is not recommended (AIII).”

Permanent tooth with largest occlusal table – maxillary first

Epithelium comes from the donor site – T

Dexterity- Something to do with flossing -> 5 brush and 8 If lack of dexterity can’t do interproximal floss – T

Perio v/s endo abscess- pulp testing, lat percussion

Opaque porcelain function mask dark oxidized color – T

Methotrexate- anti cancer drug folic acid inhibitor – T

What is battery? Treatment without informed consent

Autonomy – Let the patient

Ectodermal dysplasia oligodontia, sparse hair – anodontia or oligodontia, depressed bridge of nose, lack of sweat glands, and the child appears much older than he or she (DD)

Diabetes commonly found in which ethnicity? Black male

Periodontis most Common? Black male

What causes cervical discoloration of PFM copper, Plaque

Flame shaped radiolucency above an unerupted third molar – pericoronaritis

Safe drug in pregnancy acetaminophen

Safe drug in breastfeeding promethazine

Prolonged use of Aspirin can cause metabolic acidosis

411.            Fusion, Gemination – Fusion less number and gemination extra number or one big crown, Fusion 2 buds fuse together and form one tooth.. from total no of teeth, there is decrease in number.

Failure of which stage of tooth development affect Number of teeth – initiation

413.            Size – morphodifferentiation (bell stage)

Which disease  lead  to  MI  –  thrombosis(I  pick  atherosclerosis,but  I  think  it  is thrombosis, other two wasn’t relate – (MI usually caused by thrombus formation)

Acute adrenal insufficiency : gingival hyperplasia b. cardiovascular collapse c. hypotension d. ketoacidosis – ASDA

Low contrast- kvp (Long scale, low contrast, hight kvp)

Which doesn’t recur- AOT

Antibiotic treatment- LAP -> Tetra

Seizures grand mal phenytoin (and Carbamazepine – Tegretol)-

Petit mal – ethosuximide – Ethosuximide in the treatment of absence (petit mal) seizures.

Overdose cocaine mydriasis

Overdose opioids miosis

 

Short clinical crown- what to do- read from prostho decks, proxy grooves if lack F-L resistance (buccal – retention / proximal – resistance)

Pedunculated leision – papilloma

Dry socket sedative = dressing

Benzoyl peroxide decomposition by tertiary amine in chemically activated resin self cured – a chemical activator like dimethyl-p-toluidine (a tertiary amine) is added to the monomer (MMA) to decompose the benzoyl peroxide initiator into free 

Excess bilirubin in blood? kernicterus

Epi reversal? Phentolamine – Phentolamine (OraVerse) is used in dentistry to reverse soft tissue anesthesia more quickly after procedures involving a local anesthetic with a vasoconstrictor. Alpha adrenoceptor blockers, such as phentolamine, inhibit the vasoconstrictor effect of epinephrine but not the vasodilator effect of epinephrine. The administration of alpha blockers results in epinephrine reversal. (Mosby)

Pt shows reaction to the LA vasoconstrictor so to recover the reactions u will administer: Alpha 1 antagonist – the ZOSINSSSS

Which of the following drugs is most effective as an antidepressant?

Diazepam b. Reserpine c. Amitriptyline

Tricyclic antidepressants have a prominent side effect that most nearly resembles the usual pharmacological action of a. Codeine Atropine ans c. Ephedrine

If you have two distribution that are asymmetrical that’s means a) normal

skewed is the ans c) bimodal

Meds not given to a pt who has epinephrine – MOA and Tricyclic antidepressant (Also Levodopa)

Complication of temporal arteritis – blindness

Gtr best for – 3 narrow wall defect

If the patient has maxillary protrusion and we need to pull the maxillary backward which we will use

a) straight pull gear b) cervical pull gear c) face bow d) reverse bull gear

Cervical-pull headgear  à consists of a cervical neck strap (as anchorage) and  a standard facebow inserting into the headgear tube of the maxillary first molar attachments. The objectives of treatment with these types of headgear are to restrict anterior growth of the maxilla and to distalize and erupt maxillary molars. A MAJOR DISADVANTAGE OF TREATMENT USING CERVICAL HEADGEAR IS POSSIBLE EXTRUSION  OF THE MAXILLARY MOLARS.

What make the reaction on the one that has monomer and activator that was using it for prepaing the secondary impression on the study cast on the lap . its activated by A) exothermic reaction b) MMA with the monomer

438.            Gtr– involves coronal movement of pdl

Antidepressants serotonin / SSRI-fluoxitene zoloft,both- SNRI TCA–>Amitryptilline

Pain medication for alchoholic – OXYCODONE

Fetal alcohol syndrome – Mid face deficiencies, cleft lip (Individuals with fetal alcohol syndrome may have cleft lip with or without cleft palate)

Antibioticis of maythenia gravis – penicillin safe (erythro increases weakness)

If no enough space what tooth pop out of arch maxi and – First premolars

B blockers – Glucagon

Acetamenophen – N Acetyl

 

Xylitol is best used anticariogenic when it’s a: mouthwash, tablet, chewing gum, varnish

Xylitol gum used for :- – DECREDSED SALIVATION (xerostomy) – PREVENT CARIES

determines which drugs are to be sold by prescription only: Schedulle 2 and

3 must have a written prescription. (The only difference is that class 2 cannot be refilled whereas class 3 can be refilled even over the phone.)

Contraindication of RCT – vertical root fracture (also Uncontrolled DM, Recent MI, Leukemia)

Resistance for short crown proximal grooves

Laser in periodontal diseases use for sulcular debridment

452.            Meperidine? sintetic opioid, narcotic, less potent than morphine, more than codiene, shorter duration of action, interaction with MOA can cause convulsions.

Which study can show incidence – descriptive (cross sectional shows prevalence Cohort is for incidence)

Theory of stress and how affect immunity – Stress induce cortisol and reduce immunity

Objective fear after previous painful stimulus (own experience)

Objective fear is one that you experience directly.  If, for example, you had a painful dental visit while having a tooth extracted; the next time you needed a tooth extracted you would be fearful because of this prior experience. If you told your  friend about the bad experience and he needed a tooth extracted, and he had fear, this would be subjective fear.

Thyroid crisis symptoms hyperT HR increased (High Bp, high body temperature, persistant sweating tachycardia, high fever)

Hypoxia sign – cyanosis (Cyanosis and increase in pulse rate too – DD)

Signs of oxygen want Cyanosis 2. Pulse rate decrease 3. Tachycardia

Antibiotic in gingiva tetracyclines

Wheelchair Q – sliding

How base metal prevent corrosion – chromium

What is the most common psych disorder? Depression

Leakage in amalgam decrease with age

Systemic desensitization – hierarchy of slowly increasing anxiety stimulus

16 kg anasthesia calculation 70,4 mg

Most common emergency in dental clinic – asthma or syncope

Most common respiratory emergency it is hyperventilation (no asthma in options)

Most common  respiratory  emergency  it  is  Asthma…I  was  so      happy no hyperventilation in the options

Primary stress bearing areas in dentures – max – primary ridge …secondary rugae mand – primary buccal shelf – and also primary if good ridge

Primary areas of support in max and mandibular. Thought we’re maxillary ridge and buccal shelf for mand but options were not together: For mandibular complete denture, the residual ridges if large and broad, are also considered primary support

In USA most dental pay is – out of pocket self pay

Which is more important? Chroma, value (value is VIP and choosing process is HUE first then VALUE then CHROMA)

Which show saturation of color? – chroma

Radiation water lysis – Hydrolysis of water

 

Facebow transfer – hinge axis

Arcon vs non-acron – Arcon resembles tmj

Dental lamina appears at which week 6 th week

Distolingual extension of mand, denture which muscle sup constrictor

Incisal edge of anterior teeth touch where? vermilion border

Bur for burnishing porcelain = diamond

Sodium hypochloride does all except (Chelation)

Impresion material   moisture  tolerant   –   Polysulfides   (because      they          are hydrophobic).

Polyvinyl siloxanes – excellent DIMENSIONAL STABILITY and very low permanent deformation.

Behcet’s syndrome associated with aphthous ulcers

High school children have marginal gingivitis

Ginseng contraindicated with salicyclic acid

Erosion – GERD

Initiation: supernumerary/missing teeth

Bell – 2 types : morphodifferentiation: shape!!! histodifferetioation: d.imperfecta a.imperfecta

Apposition: enamel hypoPLASIASSS

Moisture contamination in amalgam

a)  Increases delayed expansion

Something related to amalgam strength

DELAYED EXPANSION of amalgam restorations is associated with insufficient trituration & condensation, and amalgam contamination by moisture during trituration and condensation (MAIN cause of failures). – BB

 

Central giant cell granuloma is seen with pts with condition of /? Hyperparathyroidism – Brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism masquerading as central giant cell granuloma in a renal transplant

Which cement causes irritation to pulp – zinc phosphate

Sialilitithiasis is found whew = warton duct (submandibular duct was as an oprtion)

– calcified mass or sialolith forms within a salivary gland, usually in the duct of the submandibular gland (also termed “Wharton’s duct”).

Kid came to clinic touched everything and last he came to dentist and allowed to keep probe in the mouth what the behavior? – Desensitization

Digoxin – it is used for congestive heart disease, atrial fibrillation and when you drink in conjunction with diurectic can increase the toxicity of digoxin

Contraindication for nitrous oxide (nasal congestion)

Best place for implant ant mand

Solution to keep an avulsed tooth hanks worst -> water

Aplastic anemia -> chloramphenicol

Pseudomembranous colitis (clindamycin)

Therapeutic effect (safety)

No to do w asthm – Give Oxygen?? – We can give oxygen in asthma (acute attack – give oxygen and albuterol / severe asthma ONLY – epinephrine) 3mg OF 1:1000 EPINEPHRINE SHOULD BE ADMINISTERED SUBCUTANEOUSLY

No contraindication w asthma – Nitrious oxide

Gingival graft contraindications (pocket below alveolar crest) – A FGG is used to increase the zone of attached gingiva and possibility of gaining root coverage. NOT used with DEEP WIDE RECESSIONS.

Gingival graft contraindicated when: a) pocket is below the alveolar crest b) pocket is below free gingival groove c) excessive keratinized tissue

Which LA is good without vasoconstrictor? Mepi

Bipolar disorder  lithium  (LITHIUM  –  current  drug  of  choice  to  treat  the  MANIC PHASE of bipolar disorder)

On which receptors Epi works a1 a2 b1 I choose a1 but not sure – We know it is

all but it affects beta receptors predominantly.

Morphine overdose = naloxone

Porcelain porosity = Inadequate condensation

512.            Unbundling – when doctor describes the whole treatment in different parts, separate charge code instead combine.

Most commonly used TCA Amitryptyline – AMITRIPTYLINE (ELAVlL) – the most widely used TRICYCLIC ANTI-DEPRESSANT to treat unipolar disorder (depression).

Cocaine produces vomiting by = activating CTZ in brain

Ques about H1 and H2 receptor –> H1 smooth muscle, H2 gastrointestinal

Down Syndrome – macroglossia

Ectodermal dysplasia= scarce hair

Patient smokes pipe and has red bumps on palate= Nicotine stomatitis (hard palate)

Arch discrepancy after loss of which tooth = Mand 2 nd molar – The premature loss of the mandibular primary canine reflects insufficient arch size in the anterior region.

Which is NOT used to inhibit salivary secretion = Pilocarpine

Osteogenesis imperfecta with = DI

 

Rapport active listening

Caries not depend on quantity of carbs

Radiograph id tip of the nose, external auditory meatus

Cavernous thrombosis infection via anterior triangle

Tooth mostly involved in perio relapse Max 2nd molar – Furcation involvement of maxillary 2nd molar has the poorest prognosis following therapy / Trifurcation on maxillary 1st molar are the most difficult of all to root plane (DD)

Warfarin test – INR/PT

Why you do not use fovea as indicator – it blocks minor salivary glands

Sausage like appearance on radiograph sialolithiasis or sialodenitis (I pick the first one, not  sure)  –  SIALODOCHITIS:   within   the   gland   sausage-link   appearance. Sialodochitis (also termed ductal sialadenitis), is inflammation of the duct system of a salivary

Antiretraction valves prevent cross contamination (between patients)

Hepatitis A positive can checked by

a) HBcg b) HBSg group c) no treatment d) alkaline triphostate – (Hep A infection is identified by HAV-specific antibodies (IgM if acute, IgG if past disease)

Composite and bleaching wait 1 week before composite

Which is a characteristic of a gold inlay? A: Axial walls converge toward the pulpal floor

Ortho treatment before veneer placement

By having excess amount of monomer in acrylic can create excessive amounts of what: shrinkage

Dementia pt, which one the most challenging? 1-ext 2-denture is the ans

3-srp 4-amalgam

If you have 2 proximal cavities

a)  you will fill smaller, prepare larger first ans

you will fill larger and prepare the smaller first

you will fill smaller and prepare the smaller first

d) you will fill the larger and prepare the larger first

Pin retained – Which statement is not correct? increasing in number of pin strengthen amalgam

Best biopsy for small bean sized white lesion? a) Incisional b) excisional is the ans

c) brush

Steroid dose need medical consultant 20 mg for 2 weeks 2 year

Osteosarcoma = PDL widening

Patient presents with blow to face and horizontal fracture of a previously endodontically treated molar. The fracture is 2mm from the anatomical crown. What should the dentist do?

Treat root canal with Calcium Hydroxide

Place temporary crown and revisit in 3 months

Immobilize

d. Ext ans

Pt with MOD done 1 month ago, complained it hurt when he bits

A) polymerization shrinkage B) leakage c ) cracked tooth is the ans

Most common Impacted tooth – Mandi 3m , maxi 3m, max canine

Ludwig angina spaces – Submand, Sublingual, Submental

Xerostomia due to medications

 

Most common cyst = periapical – RADICULAR CYST (APICAL PERIODONTAL CYST OR PERIAPICAL CYST) – MOST COMMON ODONTOGENIC CYST – BB

Warthin tumor which gland affects – parotid

Sulfur granules and lumpy jaw = actinomycosis

Most common infectious stage in syphilis – secondary

Hand and foot lesion which virus – coxsackievirus

REGIONAL ODONTODYSPLASIA: involves the hard tissues that are derived from both epithelia (enamel) and mesenchymal (dentin and cementum). The teeth in a region or quadrant of the maxilla or mandible are affected to the extent that they exhibit short roots, open apical foramina, and enlarged pulp chambers – ghost teeth.  The cause is unknown and because of the poor quality of the affected teeth, their

removal is usually indicated.

Which of these has pain same to tooth pain (hsv/VZV/max sinusitis) – Shingles (vzv) can mimic tooth

How to differentiate ANUG from primary herpetic gingivostomatits – Intact interdental papillae in herpes

Question about lesion in eye has a name subnour something like this i picked phemphigus but it is mmp – The most common and feared diagnosis associated with symblepharon is Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (MMP)

Cobblestone appearance – Papillary hyperplasia

Which taste bud affected in geographic tongue – Filliform

Multiple myeloma starts = bone pain

Not vasodilaltor = cocaine

Not a(alpha) blocker = metoprolol

No nitrious oxide = in 1 st trimester

Cooling while implant placement – The bone is prepared with special metallic burs driven at slow speeds with copious water- cooling

In implant preparation, which of the following can be used? A) hydroxyapatite irrigation b) High Speed Hand Piece c) Low torque d)Air Coolant

Crevicular fluid cells PMNs

Opioid= mu receptors

Full dentures clicking = increased VDO

Carcinoma vs carcinoma in situ = no invasion

Fungal infection = nystatin

Systemic fungal = fluconazole

Erythroplakia= carcinoma  in  situ  –  Like  “leukoplakia”,  ERYTHROPLAKIA  has  no histologic connotation, but most erythroplakias are histologically diagnosed as severe epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or invasive squamous cell carcinoma. – DD

Open bite= LeFort 1

Most allergic metal = nickel

FRANKFORT-HORIZONTAL PLANE  –  constructed  by  drawing  a  line  connecting

PORION & ORBITALE.

Labiodental sounds and what do they determine? Labiodental sound (fricative)- f,v,ph, formed by maxillary incisor contacting the wet/dry line of mandibular lip. This sounds help determining the position of incisal edge of maxillary anterior

Open apex tx: Vital apexogenesis / Non vital apexification

Mouthguard= MPDS

Polyether= sticks to teeth

 

RPD connector fracture = do soldering

Traumatic neuroma= mental nerve region

Primary mand 2 nd resembles – permanent mandibular first molar

Access opening for mand molar – Trapezoid

MWF = reduce pocket LINING

No gingivoectomy = with thin gingiva (An adequate amount of attached gingiva must be present before a gingivectomy is done, otherwise the result will be an area with minimal or no attached ) – DD

Drug testing = clinical trials

Where you give GA? 2 year old kid needs lot of restoration

Fearful patient how you respond? intoduce tools or TSD

Introduce instruments and tools = Desensitization

Smokeless tobacco – verrucous carcinoma – verrucous carcinoma (Associated with smokeless tobacco habit).- DD

Fracture w paresthesia= angle of mandible

Minimum amount gutta percha left in canal after placement of post? 2 or 3 or 5 mm (IT’S 4mm).

Buccal-lingual bone width necessary for 4 mm implant. NO 6mm in options! I took

7mm.

Battery – Treatment without consent form

Pt with dialysis, when to do treatment? 1 day after dialysis

Harder area to floss – Mesial maxillary 1 pm

If open bite 8 mm, which kind of treatment do you do? Surgery, LeFort 1

596.            Amalgam failure – THE CONTAMINATION OF THE AMALGAM BY MOISTURE DURING TRITURATION  AND  CONDENSATION  IS  UNQUEATIONABLE  THE  PRINCIPAL  CAUSE  OF FAILURES (DD).

Question about pigmentation in options was Neurofibromatosis and Preuz- Jeghers. Pay attention to cafe-au-late spots! Both have pigmentation, but only Neurof. has cafe-au late! – Café-au-lait found  in  VON  RECKLINGHAUSEN’S  DISEASE (NEUROFIBROMATOSIS) and Albright’s Syndrome (McCune-Albright Syndrome)

Osteoradionecrosis? More in mandible/ more in maxilla/ 42 gy? According to dd its more than 40 gry and more in mandible (controversial)

How treat root caries? Composite, amalgam, GIC

Best filling for class 5 – GIC

Mucocele where most common? Upper lip, lower lip, side of tongue 602. Ginco Biloba contraindication? all anticoagulants

Cleft lip which embryo week? It was 6-9 the only reasonable option I took cleft lip 6 weeks – 7 weeks

cleft palate 8-12 weeks – decks

Bleeding few days after extraction? fibrinolysis.

Transillumination: craze – full tooth illuminate / crack – light stopped – not full tooth

/ sialolith – in children

When do you use Laser or Electrocoagulation surgery intraorally? Only logical option was capillary bleeding!

Motion sickness. Treatment: scopolamine

When is gingiva inflammation least expected? I was torn between Xerostomia

and Lack of keratinized gingiva. I chose lack of keratinized gingiva, although in

 

Dental School we learned, that when keratinized gingiva is missing, gingivitis is programmed! But, Xerostomia sounded worse, so I took lack of keratinized gingiva!

Forceps for upper PM – 150 and 150A

What is not true about Xerostomia? Few very obvious true options, I chose it is extremely difficult to treat it with Saliva substitutes and

about V-form caries, tip towards the DEJ (interproximal/smooth surface)

Burn mouth syndrome due to: candida

Warthin tumor – 2nd most benign salivary gland tumor more in PAROTID GLAND

and more common reason is smoking.

about Pemphigoid – I think, there was an option with basement membrane and hemidesmosomes

All are advantages of per oral sedatives in the dental clinic except? There was an option about GI absorption, and well controlled effect, that I

Best topical Antibiotic agent? Options were H2O2, CHX, Ethanol and something else. I chose CHX

3 Qs about TAD (=Temporary Anchorage Device). Where it gets its stability from? stability from cortical bone and increase stability if placed – The primary stability of miniscrews is a result of mechanical interlocking of the threads with cortical bone. Placement of miniscrews perpendicular to cortical bone to take advantage of biological and biomechanical stability  when  applying  heavy  orthopedic forces.

Tx for Status NO Diazepam in options!!! There was Midazolam in the

options, and I chose that! Phenytoin could be an option too.

2 y.o. uncooperative child. What to do to examine? GA, Papoose board, Restrict by dental assistant, Restrict by parent.

Fluoride function on Enamel – reduces solubility

Most secure indicator for future caries? Bacteria, something else, salivary flow (the more the better)

How to avoid cheek bites? increase the horizontal overlap in post teeth

Xerostomia causing drugs work on which receptor: Parasympathetic cholinergic

Drug conjugation. Add molecule to drug (to make it ionized so less fat soluble and more water soluble)

Wrought wire can “do something” around 0,2 mm to the abutment tooth if minimal wire length is 4, 6 or 8 mm? I took 4mm! I don’t have any idea what they were talking about

Whats the most favorable taper of abutment to make RPD in part of inch: 0.02– 01 – 0.03 – 0.039

Most common to see in a teenage girl with buccal erupted canine? Anterior deep bite, recession, 2 others – “…The former displayed significantly higher frequencies at adolescence of ectopic eruption (mostly maxillary canines), anterior cross-bite, extreme maxillary overjet, deep bite, and ”

Abutment height in implant restorations selected according to? Only logical

option was according to implant lenght! I immediately thought about the abutment- implant ratio!

Cocain effect? contraction of dilator pupillae, contraction of sphincter pupillae, 2 other stupid

Used as topical LA? Cocain, Benzo, Lido, Bupivacaine – Lidocaine is a local anesthetic drug used topically in dentistry –

 

Face rash, defect on heart, kidney and blood vessels? Lupus

Cause for Hairy Leukoplakia? HIV, EBV, HSV, Candida (don’t confuse w/ hairy tongue)

Dry socket – sedative, dressing no antibiotic, no curettage

Most difficult to maintain space? In a 9 y.o missing permanent MX M1 – 5 y.o missing primary MD M1 – 6 o missing primary MD M2, one more I don’t remember.

After RCT on a tooth with sinus tract, what is the tx for the sinus tract Funny options! We all know, that NO therapy is needed, right?! 😉

Disease with excessive bone production, but less bone resorption? Paget disease

was the only logic option

Mouth breather have? Open bite, long face, deep bite etc. Open bite and long face

Typical face feature for muscle weakness? Same like mouth breather. They could be the best couple – long face, open bite

Kid with ADHD what ? Methylphenidate , Amphetamines

Incision for palate Y incision – a double “Y” incision should be made over the midline of the torus. (DD)

Pain drug for the night? naproxen – 8 hour relief

Pt had tooth extraction want to sleep at night whst u give ? naproxen

Side effect of opioids, all except Side effects of opioids are sedation, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, constipation, physical dependence, tolerance, and respiratory depression. NO gastric ulcers, NO insomnia, NO somnolence, NO diarrhea.

Lateral positioned flap – the option I chose was to maintain or improve keratinized gingiva

Most common cause of amalgam failure à unquestionable moisture (DD)

Q. about rejecting null hypothesis. Type 1 error

What is the strongest point of statistics? 648. Selectivity / Sensitivity in clinical trials

on clediocranial dysplasia – clavicle, supernumerary

In USA most dental payment – cash out of pocket

Restauration in anterior teeth done weeks ago, filling too light. What is the most conservative Keyword here is conservative!!! – Tint

Which shows saturation of color? chroma

Chronic periodontitis most seen in? male african american

Face-bow – hinge

In English the s/ch/sh sounds, how is anterior teeth position – very little distance betw. anterior

Major connector function – stability rigidity

Why do we do apexification? – non vital tooth, apical barrier for rct after 3 months if calcified (“induce root development” is apexogenesis for vital tooth, apexification for non vital for apical barrier!)

Most common seizure in children – febrile

for atypicaly erupting permanent tooth, with gingival margin above CEJ. Gingivectomy, Apical positioned flap, others (Apical positioned flap, to not waste keratinized gingiva)

Best graft material – autograft

Where do you get the most amount of graft material from? illiac

Pka has effect on – onset

 

All can be Dif. Diagnosis of Leukoplakia except. – I think I chose Verrucous leukoplakia, just because they look so different – White sponge nevus is often mistaken for leukoplakia BUT appears early in life. Focal (frictional) keratosis: common white lesion caused by chronic friction on the mucosa. Differentiated from idiopathic leukoplakia because cause is known. Leukoedema disappears with stretching. (DD)

Collimation purpose – Reduce size of beam

Calculation of incidence index – Out of 1000 patients —-> 200 diseased patients last year, 300 this 300-200=100, 100/1000= 0,1

Kid with bad OH what ortho tx? Fixed, removable, no tx 667. Veneer facial reduction – 5mm

If a Porcelain to metal fused anterior crown too opaque, what”s the reason? less 2nd plane reduction

Perio-Endo lesion – first endo

MRI how does that work?- Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (clinical MRI) is an imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes of the body in both health and disease. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, radio waves, and field gradients to generate images of the organs in the MRI does not involve x-rays, which distinguishes it from computed tomography (CT or CAT).

Drug against kidney failure, what’s the best to analyze and prove its action?

Creatinine test

If lower complete denture overextended buccodistaly what structure impaired?

masseter

In upper complete denture overextended buccodistaly what structure impaired?

coronoid

Pseudomembranous colitis – Clindamycin

Patient has a palatal torus that extends beyond posterior palatal seal into the soft palatal area, and in need of complete What to do? Remove it

Ignoring the pt bad behavior – extinguishing

Which tooth more prone to caries? Maxillary 1st molar (Kaplan)

High kV? Long wave lenght low energy; Short wave length high energy; 2 more combinations

Dexterity – floss (5 brush 8 floss)

about a kid with Autism. Repetitive and Sensitive to light and high volume

about ACE-blockers – It actually directly blocks the Angiotensin-Converting- Enzyme, not the Angiotensin – blocks the enzyme which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.

Actinomycosis – sulfur granules

Vertical root fracture most commonly seen? Mandibular molars

Crown to root fracture most commonly seen? Maxillary anterior

Perforation of anterior maxillary incisors during RCT access in general most common on which surface? Mesial – Maxillary Anterior teeth: Mesial perforation due to distal axial inclination. Mand. Ant: LABIAL perforation due to lingual inclination

Cast impression least acurate? Reversible Hydrocolloids, Irreversible Hydrocolloids, Polyether, one more

Q on Chronic Heart

PHARMACOLOGIC  THERAPY:  DIURETICS  (used  to  control fluid  retention), ACE INHIBITORS

(interfere  w/  the  renin-angiotensin  system, are  required  of  all  patients  w/  cardiac

 

failure unless contraindicated), VASODILATORS (including hydralazine and nitrates, are used when the use of ACE inhibitors is not possible), BETA BLOCKERS (should be used in patients w/left ventricular dysfunction, unless contraindicated), DIGITALIS can improve symptoms and exercise tolerance by increasing cardiac contractility, other medications include oxygen and morphine. ASPIRIN, NSAIDs, and CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS SHOULD BE AVOIDED. Patient treatment and dental management considerations: prolonged rest, administration of oxygen, digitalis (patients are prone to nausea and  vomiting), diuretics/vasodilators (patients are prone to orthostatic hypotention; avoid excessive epinephrine), dicumarol (patients may have bleeding problem). The beneficial effects of digitalis in congestive heart failure results in part from the fact that digitalis causes a decrease in end-diastolic volume, an increase in stroke volume and cardiac output, a decrease in central venous pressure, and a decrease in rate of the heart where tachycardia exists. Digitalis glycosides generally

decrease edema, decrease heart size, decrease heart rate, and decrease residual diastolic volume.

Neuropraxia – I chose the option about damaged axon, but intact epineurium – FALSE -> Neuropraxia is the mildest form of neural injury. Local axon demylineation occurs at the site of However, the axon, the endoneurium, the perineurium, and the epineurium are INTACT.

If a patient has had a car accident and an assumption of broken cervical spine, which xray is contraindicated? Waters, SMV, Pano, CT

about Sterilization.

With xerostomia. All is true for the indications to manufacture a complete denture with METAL basis except? More acuracity, More wetability, Low cost, More durability

comes back after two weeks with discolored margins. Cause? amine

Qs about preparation before grafting. I chose the option to remove all granular tissue

Carbamacepin used in? They give you very confusing options, that look similar!!! I chose nerve pain.

Which postion is patient related? VDO, CR, VPR, ICP

What will most likely cause the odontoblastic processe to retract in the dentinal tubules? Desiccation? (or Depth to which dentinal tubules are cut?)

All is correct about sclerotic dentin except? I was torn between extremely low permeability or better bond with restorative materials compared to normal dentin..

Which study doesn’t show cause and effect. – cross sectional

Two questions on Incisal guidance.

What is true about remineralized – more resistant to future acid

– submandibular gland

Patient complains of pain due to oral mucositis after radiotherapy. The pain is best  treated    with?    a)    Nystatin    b)    Benzyl    hydrochloride    (BENZYDAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE) c) Topical corticosteroid  d) Morphine

Characteristic feature of AML? Auer rods

Pindborg tumor or CEOT – Liesegang rings / rx: snow appearance

Elective RCT – recent MI

Gagging patient, what’s the tx in a long Desensitization

Exhaling wheezing. – Asthma

Adverse effect of codiene. Miosis, nausea

 

Culture sensitivity – It was also about an infection that couldn’t be treated with particular AB

Not easy Qs. about pontic

Action of beta blocker on smooth muscle? vasoconstriction

What is true about if a general dentist decides to perform a treatment which is normally done by – No maleficiency in options! There was something like, “He has to perform as good as a specialist, if he does the tx”

about orthostatic hypotension. – Patients taking diuretics/vasodilators are prone to orthostatic hypotension, also avoid excessive EPI. – A fainting spell that occurs due to a rapid fall in BP when moving from the supine to the upright position when getting out of the dental chair. The symptoms are similar to simple fainting, but the condition is related to positioning. Amyl Nitrite (Nitrites): Adverse Effects à orthostatic hypotension & headache.

Pain killer in pt who has just withdrawn alcohol? Hydrocodone (opioid)

Alcoholic pt pain med? Put (if not in option hydrocodone)

Side effect of erythromycin? Gastrointestinal disturbances – GI tract upset is the most common side effect of the erythromycins (take with food).

Risk of extraction of upper Molar? Palatal root goes to sinus

Risk of extraction of #32? Damage to L nerve (IAN before Lingual)

What’s unethical? Charge more to difficult pts, Raise fees to particular group of insurance.

Radiopacity in lower molar area, no I put idiopathic schlerosis

Pt with bleeding gums and skin lesions? What condition – Leukemia

2 yrs old intrudes incisor all the way in but doesn’t touch Vital. What to do? Ortho extrusion then splint? Leave it

14 is intruded in middle age pt, has distal caries, how to level plane of occlusion?

Extract, Intrusion, Crown

724.            Mode: The most frequent measurement in a set of data.

What type of study is if they look for prevalence? Cross Sectional Socioeconomic influences the risk of developing perio and caries T 727. Due to this there’s risk of perio disease at ALL ages? F

What is that a drug has the strongest effect? Potency – Efficacy

Treatment of LAP – Put SRP and abx

Tx of perio with calculus on smoker. Put: debridement, oh, tobacco cessation advice.

When referring a mesialized 32 with irreversible pulpitis with curved roots for RCT, what’s the least important: curve roots, Canal calcification, Difficulty with anesthesia, Inclination of tooth (chose this)

U see nasty white lesion on floor of mouth, suspect of except: Scc, Verrucous carcinoma, Leukoplakia, Nicotinic stomatitis (chose this)

Same lesion what do u do first to dx? Cytology Excision Biopsy Nothing Wait a month.

Glass fiber post compared to custom made post: Tooth conservation.

Less chances of fracture.

Patient has tissue on palate due to denture, how to treat? Laser Excision Nothing

Not wear denture for a while

Funtion of the internal part of an implant? they didn’t mention hex i chose antirotation

 

Short molar how to get extra retention? Groove on buccal

When doing protrusive on articulator, do you raise the pin? YES

What resto gives more retention for a short crown? Mod onlay, Veneer with grooves, 3/4 with proximal grooves (chose this, not sure)

Non-nitrate vasodilator   for   angina?    Dipyridemole,   nitroglycerin,      lisinopril, isoflorophtate

What are filters for? Filtration reduces patient dose, contrast, & film

Absorbs not useful xray (long length), reducing the patient dosage.

IAN anesthesia not well, what accessory nerve might be causing pain?

Mylohyoideo nerve

U did resto, patient comes back after 6 months with pain to sweet and bitting?

Reversible pulpitis

Lower molar, no pain. Has radiolucency on all apex of roots, why? Spontaneous necrosis, Vertical fracture, horizontal fracture

Target = tungsten? T

What happens if you increase more liquid to ZOE? more soluble?

Area most susceptible of caries: pits and fissure, above the contact, cervical of contact

ANGINA: NITROGLYCERIN, sometimes propranolol, calcium  channel  blockers, such as verapamil. Angina is primarily treated with nitroglycerin. Drugs that can be used in the prevention and treatment of angina pectoris: propranolol, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrate – DD

Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor drug with the longest half-life (SSRI) –

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Advantage of glass fiber posts – Similar modulus of elasticity as dentin

What is the indication for an apicoectomy? Failed root canal that cannot be reinstrumented b. Root canal that is difficult to perform

Example of someone who comes into the office and has a belligerent attitude and says that every dentist she has seen has been incompetent and then 30 minutes into the appointment she starts praising you and saying that you are the best dentist she has had, this person’s personality is best described as: Narcissistic b. Borderline

Schizoid

Halogen light and LED light which is true:

a.   LED light does not polymerize unless has champhoroquinone initiator

LED light cannot be battery operated

LED light bulb has a short life span

LED light emits wavelength 350-370

754.            Amantadine (Symmetrel)- anti-viral agent that enters the CNS to treat Parkinson’s disease by potentiating dopaminergic responses.

Osteoporosis: Thin traveculae

Which of the following describes growth after menarche: a. Increases b. Stays constant c. Stops (Mosby: general body tissues including muscles and bone  accelerate growth at the same time reproductive tissues )

Implant is successful? 1mm bone loss in year one, 0.2 every year after b. 1 mm bone loss year one, 0.02mm every year after – Mosby and DD say 0.02 mm, no misprints!

When analyzing the arch distance which space do they analyze? 1- mesial of canine to canine 2- mesial of first premolar to first premolar 3- mesial of first molar to

 

first molar ( I think the answer is 3) – Mosby: distal from second primary molar to distal of second primary molar on other side

Which one of the tooth is most prone to cracked tooth o syndrome? 1-Maxillary premolar 2- mandibular premolar 3-maxillar first molar 4-mandibular second molar – (mandibular first molars followed by 2nd mandibular molar and maxillary premolars)

Pt comes to you with complete denture that is loose, she wants a new one, and there is redness under the upper denture with papillary hyperplasia? What is your immediate management ? Excision of lesion, Tissue conditioner on the same denture. Make impression and fabrication a

The roubela causing mental retardation is caused by? 1- genetically 2- acquired

3- chromosal

Permanent max lat inc calcification starts when – 10-12 months (max centrals 3-4 months)

Primary principle of behavior modification a) stimulus cause behavior b) behavior has consequences

If pt was addicted to alcohol and had a treatment for his addiction, and for 18 months successfully is not drinking. He is considered to be completely recovered from addiction. T/F

Which tooth  has  most  common  crown-to-root  fracture:  max  anterior  incisors, mand ant incisors, max molars, mand molars

Most common with chronic periodontitis: Hispanic male, Hispanic female, Black male, Black female

Prevalence of cells in gingival sulcus: neutrophils, macrophages, plasma cells

Mild facets on occlusal surfaces in primary dentition indicate: normal function, indicate early malocclusion, parafunction habits, occlusal interferences

NUG clinically resembles: primary herpetic gingivitis

Actinomycosis of Jaw commonly leads to: diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis, or

ruptures through facial neck soft tissues via multiple drain sinuses

Disadvantage of partial thickness flap is: unable to increase zone keratinised gingiva, or dissection from vascular supply source – A or missed option, i have disadvantage in my notes lack of surgical flexibility (limited visibilty and access) from old rq

Class II drugs: Percocet, Vicodin, Tylenol 3

Studies proved that caries can be arrested by placement of: Ca hydroxide, GIC, or sealing well the margins of restorations – On the basis of the studies cited in this review, one can state that there is substantial evidence that the removal of all infected dentin in deep carious lesions is not required for successful caries treatment— provided that the restoration can seal the lesion from the oral environment 774. RCT was done one year ago, periapical RL became larger since then, all can explain this, except: Apical scar, proximity to incisive canal, different angulation of x-

ray…

As for ectodermal dysplasia is the lack of development of zygoma, for cleidocranial dysplasia it is: clavicle

Cleidocranial à supernumerary

Ranula develops because of: stone, or trauma to the duct – Mucocele = trauma 778. Min count of granulocytes for elective surgery: 1,000mm3, 15,000, 100,000, 10,000… 779. In children and adolescents most common cause of xerostomia? 1) sjron,

2)salivary gland obstruction 3) nocturnal mouth breathing

 

Varicosity under tongue: because of untreated HTN (there was not age in options) 781. Pt has vasovagal syncope, you do all, except: A. Administer oxygen B. Place in Tredenburg position C. Give epinephrine D. Apply spirits of ammonia E. Maintain

airflow

Minimum of hydrocortisone for the Pt to be considered suppressed if taken daily:

20 mg before 2 weeks for 2 years, 10 mg before 2 weeks for 2 years, 100 mg same..

In modified Widman flap it is: full-thickness flap, or partial flap Modified Widman Flap – The modified Widman procedure is a replaced mucoperiosteal (full thickness) flap procedure.

Inferior alveolar artery is a branch from: external carotid artery, or internal

Mandibular tori are to be removed before constructing the denture. T/F if interfere 786. You need to put in surgery consent about the risk of damaging lingual nerve. T/F 787. Side effects of albumin are all, except: tachycardia, stimulation of CNS, insomnia,

increased salivation, diarrhea. (people say it is “atropine” written wrong, so answer here is salivation).

The Q about relation of consistency and frequency of maintenance perio visits and patient compliance and long-term warranty

A patient’s compliance with schedule maintenance visits has no effect on the long-term retention of periodontally treated. Frequency of maintenance visits has no correlation with the development of periodontal pockets and gingivitis.

1.  Both statements are false. (ANS)

Both statements are

The fist is true, the second is false.

The first us false, the second is true.

With the damage of oculomotor nerve where eye will move: (there were 2 directions in every option, like upward and medial, or downward and lateral…) downward and outward, ptosis – Oculomotor controls superior rectus (elevation and adduction), medial rectus (adduction), inferior rectus (depression and adduction) and inferior oblique (elevation and abduction) – FA

With the trauma of CN VI nerve in which direction difficult to stare: (one option), downward, upward, lateral, medial

792.            MOA of sulfanilamide (sulfonamide): bacteriostatic, inhibit protein synthesis, COMPETE with PABA to inhibit PABAs actions, which prevents bacterial folic acid synthesis to inhibit cellular growth.

Pt on sulfonamides, what will be the most likely side effect that being a dentist you can  say?  ERYTHEMA  MULTIFORME?  –  EM  is  a  type  of  allergic  hypersensitivity reaction in response to medications, infections, or illness. Medications associated with erythema multiforme include sulfonamides, penicillins, barbiturates , &

It is the preferred to quite smoking on the day when full extractions series scheduled. T/F

To be able to burnish a margin of a gold restoration which one should be exceed? a) Modulus of elasticity b) Yield strength

What impression material has a natural affinity to water? (no hydrochloride in options) Polyether (hydrophilic)

Initiate Chantix week before planning on quitting T/F – Varenicline (trade name Chantix and Champix), is a prescription medication used to treat nicotine addiction. Begin CHANTIX dosing one week before this date.

 

In anterior mandibular teeth there is some crowding. The gingival recession can develop because of all, except: frenum pull, asthma inhaler use, plaque, not enough overbite…

Know immunosupressive drugs: (will give you 4 of them, you rule out one) Also know their side effects more than candida. – I answered Candida but I did not know what was this drug about…Guys, memorize this mycophenolate drug is immunosuppressant!

Mycophenolate (CellCept) is used with other medications to help prevent transplant organ rejection (attack of the transplanted organ by the immune system of the person receiving the organ) in people who have received kidney, heart, and liver transplants.

Q just before this one asking all are immunosuppressive except one? Methylphenidate – (treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy), among the more serious adverse reactions are nervousness, insomnia , and

What can decrease the effect of Warfarin: liver insufficiency, stimulation of hepatic microsomal metabolism – an increased response to warfarin would be expected in patients with liver

Pt with bizarre behavior and confusion, you administer: insulin, epinephrine,

glucose

The reason to mounting study models is to observe: vertical dimension of occlusion, vertical dimension of rest, interdental occlusion, size and location of anterior

After polishing which appears first on teeth: material alba, biofilm, pellicle

Deepest part of occlusal rest is in: central fossa, marginal ridge – The deepest part of an occlusal rest preparation should be inside the lowered marginal ridge. The marginal ridge is lowered to provide bulk and to accommodate the origin of the occlusal rest with the least occlusal – McCracken

 

Which agency initiated Hazzard communication program: CDC, OSHA, EPA

Hazzard communication program is about: protecting from and managing blood-born and infectious exposure, protecting from chemical exposures

Primary teeth shed prematurely in: cyclic neutropenia? – Yes, Perio disease may result in loosening of teeth and early tooth loss in young children.

There was x-ray with upper canine with still forming apex, looked basically normal in my opinion, but had in canal some obliterated oval structures…asked it is due to: AI, DI, DD, regional odontogenic dysplasia. Had permanent max canine still forming apex, yes with some premolars and 2nd molars still forming apex too. Those obliterated structures I noticed in both upper canines, but Q asked only about left one. It was regular width canal with pulpal stones. Tooth also was showing half out and the rest under gingiva still. I googled, found some research article where it saying if pulpal stones are seen in several teeth in young permanent teeth the condition is

systemic and characteristic to DD – Dentin dysplasia TYPE II (coronal dysplasia): color

of primary teeth is opalescent (amber-colored) color of permanent teeth is normal, coronal pulps of permanent teeth are usually enlarged  (”thistle  tube”)  and  may  contain pulp stones (DD)

If there is narrow attached gingiva next to maxillary second molar what you cannot do: apically displaced flap, gingivectomy, distal wedge – Distal wedge procedures, frequently performed after wisdom teeth are extracted, because the

bone fill is usually poor, leaving a periodontal defect. Only if sufficient space exists distal to the last molar, a band of attached gingiva may be present. In such a case, a distal wedge operation can be performed. (DD).

14 yo has a good oral hygiene, lives in community fluoridated area. For prevention of future caries what should be instructed: better oral hygiene, placing sealants in all 4 1st molars, fluoride gel placement by pt daily, fluoride rinse daily after brushing.

Also she has a little brown discoloration in her mand 1st molar occlusal pit and fissure, with an explorer catching on it, you should: place sealant over, preventive resin resto, amalgam, no treatment at this

Biological width: junctional epi and connective tissue attachment within sulcus,

junctional and connective tissue attachment

Side effects of nitroglycerin: (know more, can be an except Q) – hypotension w/ reflex tachycardia, syncope, headache, flushed skin, dizziness, paradoxical bradycardia (google books) – MOSBY: Headache, syncope, tachycardia, tolerance,

Side effect of nitroglycerine nausea, headache b. lightheadness, respiratory depression

Most common post-extraction complication is (did not mention any jaw): dry socket, infection, hemorrhage, fracture

Least reoccurrence after removal: ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor

Only microscopy can determine the diagnosis: ameloblastic fibroma, fibro- odontoma, KOT, radicular cyst – ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST – follicular & dentigerous cysts that contain keratinizing material, and differs from other odontogenic cysts due to their microscopic appearance & clinical

Pt with chipped veneer but would like to keep it, for fixing chipped part with composite you do: micro-etch, etch, silane, bonding

 

Most common location of intraoral melanoma: palate and gingiva, palate and lip…

In osteoporosis you expect to see: brown tumors, thin trabecular, decreased calcification of cortical bone

What is not an advantage of LED cure in comparison to halogen: lifetime bulb, energy efficient, weight, curing depth

First sign of HIV: asymptomatic, hairy tongue, opportunistic manifestations

What change in white blood cells you see in cellulitis: neutropenia, neutrophilia,

lymphocytosis…

Type of external resorption in pulpal necrosis: inflammatory, replacement

Nitrous oxide is contraindicated in asthma pts. T/F NO can be used in anxious

T/F

Which is  safe  in  all  trimesters  of  pregnancy:  ibuprofen,  aspirin,  some  opioid,

acetaminophen+codeine (Tylenol 3)

How to differentiate incipient white caries on smooth surface with remineralized caries: transillumination, enamel illumination, with using explorer on surface, with better lighting and air drying

Studies showed the the effect of leukotriens in: asthma, stomach ulcers

Implant analog is what for: to take an impression with it, to pour impression with it

All influence duration of anesthesia, Except one: (I think ASDA q)

Which muscle to take considerations in shaping the lingual border of denture:

mylohyoid, genioglossus, geniohyoid

If posterior palatal seal is too deep it causes: unseating of denture, gagging

Soccer player wakes up with sore temporal muscle and stiffness of the jaw:

myofacial syndrome, osteoarthritis

Helix built in uprighting molar serves for: increase force, increase range, increase body translation – in dd ortho card 14 mention helices are incorporated to increase the action range and flexibility , so its b

Posture has an influence on: (different intraoral findings in options) – If I remember it correctly , the options were vdo, vertical dimension at rest…

Veneer with discolored margin after 3 weeks, reason: amines, insufficient resin 839. FDA is conducting a clinical trial about a new drug on animals and human. What

is the phase 3 of this study?

to see if the drug is cancerous on animal or not

b. to find the effective dose of the drug

to find the MOA of drug

…..–> there was another option which I think it was the correct answer but I don’t remember it

phase 1 – Safety and dosage

phase 2 – Evaluate/find effectiveness

phase 3 – to CONFIRM the effectiveness, to find common side effects phase 4 – to find the RARE side effects

Which one in wax try in for complete denture? Facebow record b. Esthetic

Early primary teeth lost papillon-lefevre syndrome – T (autosomal recessive, deficiency in cathepsin C, primary teeth lost by 4 years old, permanent teeth lost by 14 years old).

Most common in mandibule premolar region a. CCOT OKC c. OM d. fibrous dysplasia e. lateral periodontal cyst

 

Submandibular space drainage through which muscle platysma b. masseter c. median pterygoid

When draining purulent exudate from an abscess of the pterygomandibular space using an intraoral approach, the buccinator muscle is most likely to be

– DD

Which oral pigmented lesion resolve spontaneously? a. varix b. freckle melanotic macule

Which is correct about conjugation? a. adding a molecule to the drug b. making the drug more lipid soluble c. increase in the effect of drug

Which of these cognitive behavior decrease in a normal process of aging: learning b. attention c. reaction

Which one does NOT show the dispersing of date a. variance median c. standard error

DMF shows? caries b.oral hygiene

Dmf index = measures how permanent dentition is affect by caries

Fail-safe mechanism part of NO machine does not let the increase of NO flew by what percent 20 b.50 c.70 d.90

Pappoos board isn’t used in which situation: Treatment of a 14 years old cooperative patient

Where do progenitor cells for new attachment come from? a) alveolar ridge b) PDL c) cementum d) connective tissue of gingiva

What does bimaxillary protrusion mean? A protrusive dentoalveolar position of maxillary and mandibular arches that produces a convex facial

Pt doesn’t have upper 3rd molars. How many furcations do we have in upper jaw? 12 b. 14 c. 8 is the ans now if 6 is in there is 6?? The answer should be 16! first maxillary premolars are BIFURCATED! Maxillary molars are TRIFURCATED! That means we have (4 maxillary molars * 3 furcations) + (2 first maxillary premolars * 2 furcations)

= 16 FURCATIONS!!!

Retentive clasp fracture? Work hardening b. Crystal formation in clasp c. Low modulus of elasticity d. High elongation

Mild wear facet in primary dentition? No treatment needed b. It is bcs of parafunction

Which one  has  least  effect  on  DURATION  of  local  anesthesia  a.  Systemic absorption of drug Bind to protein in tissue (Absorption = bioavailability, Duration = protein binding)

Missing more than two teeth but not all them – Oligodontia

What impression material has a natural affinity to water? a) Polyether

b) Additional silicon c) Condensing silicon d) Poly sulfide

What do you see in pathology of osteoporosis – Thin trabecula

Not a symptom for dentin dysplasia (enamel loss) Most common supernumerary tooth – Mesiodens 864. Most common variable tooth is – Max Lat

Most common tooth affected by dens in dente – Max lateral

Most common type of tooth loss in bulimic pt – erosion, lingual aspect

Another question about tooth loss was unclear it was about tooth loss due to tooth influx – Abfraction

Patient who has medical history but is not debilitating but will require medical management and dental modifications – 1-ASA 3 2- ASA2

 

Failure in morphodifferentiation results in . a.size and shape abnormality ,b. peg lateral ,c. macrodontia All is the ans

Bald tongue and dysphagia is in a risk of developing which cancer – Plummer vinson syndrome expressing as SCC (Oral Symptoms: angular stomatitis, smooth, red, painful tongue with atrophy of the papillae).

Problem in CL channel which disease – Cystic fibrosis

Crowe’s sign – Neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen disease of skin) à autosomal dominant disease, due to a mutation of the tumor suppressor gene NF1, six or more café-au-lait macules greater than 1.5 cm – these are usually smooth- surfaced (“Coast of California”), two or more  neurofibromas  OR one plexiform neurofibroma (pathognomonic for the condition), axillary freckling  (called  Crowe’s sign), iris hamartomas (called Lish nodules).

Uniform widen in pdl and bilateral resorb of angel what is the disease: No scleroderma in options but “SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS” (its is also known as SCLERODERMA)

Pt has PDL space widening with radiolucency at the angle of the mandible

(a) multiple sclerosis (b) osteosarcoma (c) fibrous dysplasia (d) other options – Now you know the missing option.

Oral sign with achondroplasia – Normal tooth, crowding and class 3 – DD à The teeth are of normal size but there is limited space within the maxillary and mandibular arches for them to erupt into, which causes overcrowding and subsequent malocclusion.

Dental problem with decreased Alk pho – Hypophosphatasia = Enlarged pulp and incomplete roots. DD à CHILDHOOD: THE MOST COMMON FEAUTRE IS PREMATURE LOSS OF PRIMARY TEETH WITHOUT INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE. The premature loss of

teeth in children and adults is usually characteristic. Radiographically, the teeth display enlarged pulp chambers and pulp canals, deficient root development as well  as alveolar bone loss. Patients w/ Paget disease have high levels of serum alkaline phosphatase.

X linked associated with thin hair and hypodontia – Ectodermal dysplasia

What does the hyperbaric chamber help with I put angiogenesis

Time for surgical hand washing is 3 min

Which drug gives tardive dyskansia is phenothiazines – Tardive dyskinesia-a serious, irreversible neurological disorder that can appear at any age. It is a side effect of antipsychotic/neuroleptic drugs (i.e. phenothiazine).

What condition of the tongue involves the foliate papilla is – lingual tonsil hyperplasia

Supernumerary teeth with cranial bossing which syndrome – Cleidocranial dysplasia – CD: the most distinctive features include delayed tooth eruption and supernumerary teeth, hypoplastic or aplastic clavicles, cranial bossing, and hypertelorism. (Mosby)

Warm bone sign of which disease – Paget (Paget’s bone is also hypervascular and may feel warm to )

Early shedding of primary teeth and delay of perm teeth – Cherubism

Dry and rough hair and enlarge tongue and max over grow associated with –

Hypothyroidism

Bells palsy which nerve – Facial (VII)

Delay healing associated with all except (Cushing /Addison/-DM/vit c increase) 888. IgM heterohybridomas diagnosis for – Infectious mononucleosis by EBV

 

Punch out appearance and M spike – Multiple myeloma

890.            Medicines in MM – Cyclophosphamide (alkylating agent, immunosuppressant) is used in DD, bisphosphonates

Wide pdl and paresthesia and tooth loss with – Osteosarcoma

Sharp pain in throat increase with chewing (Unilateral pain in throat worsen by chewing) – Glossopharyngeal neuralgia

Meds not given to pt on anti cholinergic tx – opioids

Most common non odonto cyst is – Nasopalatine Duct Cyst (Incisive Canal Cyst)– a “heart-shaped” radiolucency in the midline of the hard palate. It is the most common non-odontogenic/developmental fissural

Pear shape cyst is – Globulomaxillary – Globulomaxillary Cyst-an inverted “pear- shaped” radiolucency in bone between the roots of the maxillary lateral & canine (often causes the roots of the involved teeth to diverge). – Tear shape its lateral periodontal

Calcified flax cerbi with which syndrome – Nevoid basal cell syndr / Gorlin syndr

Most common cyst – Radicular

Only way to differentiate bw granuloma and radicular cyst – Histology

Tennis racket and honeycomb appearance which cancer – Odontogenic myxoma

Periapical cemental dysp more in – middle age black women/mandible anterior

Complex odontoma more in – posterior mandible

Most common burn in mouth due to – aspirin

Geographic necrosis with kidney problem what is the diagnosis – Wegener’s granulomatosis (Oral lesions present as strawberry )

Most common gland affected by salivary gland tumor is –parotid

Question about necrotizing silometaplasia – NECROTIZING SIALOMETAPLASIA: deep-seated palatal ulcer with clinical and histologic features mimicking those of a malignant neoplasm. Recognized lesion of the minor salivary glands, characterized by necrosis of the glandular parenchyma w/ associated squamous metaplasia and hyperplasia of the ductal epithelium. The initiating event of necrotizing sialometaplasia is believed to be related to ischemia, secondary to alteration of local blood Both, clinically and histologically, the lesion may simulate a malignancy

and, in the past, the condition has been misdiagnosed as a squamous cell carcinoma or mucoepidermoid carcinoma. FOLLOWING BIOPSY AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DIAGNOSIS, FURTHER TREATMENT GENERALLY IS NOT RECOMMENDED SINCE HEALING USUALLY OCCURS WITHING 6-10 WEEKS.

Porcelain has tooth matching color by – glaze firing

Dentist choice by metamerism – Different colors under different light sources

Lab adds stains in the inside of the porcelain – to decrease value

909.            Lab glazes and polishes the porcelain in the end of the design – More compatible to the gingiva; In dd card 135, said the glaze firing is the last firing and it produce smooth and translucent surface. During glazing: Surface layers of porcelain melt slightly, coalescing the particles and filling in surface defects (Mosby page 361)

Meds not given to one on BDZ – antifungal agents

Meds contraindicated in pt on barbiturates – phenothiazines, alcohol, antihypertensive agents, and antihistamines (Kaplan)

Chlorothiazide – electrolyte test because it causes hypokalemia

 

Except sweat changes, pt will also show what changes in cystic fibrosis: lung, saliva, urine and some other options – CF results in several symptoms (the most important symptom affects the digestive tract and lungs).

Medicines contraindicated in a cystic fibrosis pt – beta 2 antagonists, NO2

(General anesthesia is avoided too in DD, they will have COPD, like chronic  bronchitis

, sinusitis , so beta 2 agonist will help)

915.            COPD pt, what is contraindicated – 100% o2 therapy, nitrous oxide, If patient with copd is taking theophylline should not prescribed erythromycin, it will lead to toxicity, card 75 surgery, General anesthesia is contraindicated and avoid certain antibiotic barbiturate, narcotic, antihistamin and anticolinergic. (USC pt management manual book).

Max amount of N2O that can you flow into the tube at a time – 70% adult / 50% kids

Tetraycline works by: no 30s or protein synthesis in option, but there was options of

interference with collagenase, 50s unit, plasma proteins and dna gyrase

Pt on your chair, presents with insulin shock, what will you do next? Orange juice, glucose, epinephrine, O2, etc – The treatment of choice for hypoglycemia in an unconscious diabetic patient: EMS should be contacted. Then 1mg of glucagon can be injected IM, or 50 ml of 50% glucose (dextrose) solution can be given by rapid IV If conscious, oral glucose (orange juice). – DD

Pt on hep B meds, what will you do? Call physician, order regular CBC etc. blood reports, were some fancy names of tests

Mandi tori removal, most frequent complication? Options were loss of cortical border bone, injury to mental n, lingual n, or IAN injury

During maxillary tori removal, you accidentally perforate a part of the palate with the tori, what structure will you see? Nasal cavity, inferior concha, pharynx and one more irrelevant option

During 3M removal, which mand part is most likely to get fractured? Lingual plate

Closed mandi fracture, which is most likely to interfere with the closed reduction? Pull of muscle, 3 different combinations of muscles in 3 options, one option was improper access

Intermaxillary fixation indicated in all the following except? Know all the situations when it is needed: Typical indications for its use are minimally displaced fractures, deep bite cases, stabilization of fracture during open reduction and internal fixation, orthognathic surgeries and in tumor resection surgeries

 

Intermaxillary fixation is released earlieast in which of the following? Options with different mandibular feacture sites – The IMF wires are usually removed in 3 weeks and jaw exercises encouraged. Immobilization beyond 3 weeks in condylar fractures can

 

result in ankylosis of temporomandibular joints. The intermaxillary wires may be reapplied for another week if occlusion is not good. Also, a simple, nondisplaced, greenstick (incomplete fracture) mandibular fracture in a healthy child would certainly require less intermaxillar fixation time than multiple, grossly comminuted, compound mandibular fractures in an older unhealthy patient.

Best radiograph to view zygoma? No submentovertex option, waters, PA, CT, MRI Pt with a nodule on the middle of the neck, what is most likely dx? Thyroglossal

duct cyst probably, don’t rmbr other options

Bluish lesion on lateral surface of tongue for 5yr painless what is it varicosities or

hemangioma –

Warty lesion—papilloma

Maxillary incisor 4 teeth rpd, what should we achieve? — Mac anterior teeth contacting on protrusion only, at CR, balanced occlusion, canine guided occlusion

Benzoyl peroxide decomposition by tertiary amine in chemically activated resin –

T

Abx in cellulitis with draining fistula yes or no 933. Antibiotic for sinusitis – Augmentin

Complication of temporal artritis – Blindness

Where do we use 10% chx varnish? P&f caries prevention, white smooth surface caries prevention, secondary caries prevention

Parkinson’s disease,   except    —  is  progressive,  always   require   medication,

associated with intentional tremor, associated with dementia 937.   Amount of epithelial regeneration everyday is 0.5-1 mm – T 938.    Chronic periodontitis, class 2 diabetes mellitus– black males

Gtr best for: horizontal augmentation, class 2 furcation, one wall defect, class 3 furcation

Gtr– involves coronal movement of pdl – T

Reattachment concept – Reunion of tissue to the rooth

Radiographic appearance of pericornitis – flame shape

943.            Ameloblastoma, Benign, Localy aggressive, Reverse polarization, Rl post mn, Extreme facial deformity, teeth vital, painless, honey comb or soap bubble appearance

Basal cell carcinoma Most common skin cancer – Upper lip or lateral nose, Best prognosis, Sun exp area

Value negative calculation – Positive predictive value is the probability that subjects with  a  positive  screening  test  truly  have  the  disease.  Negative  predictive value is the probability that subjects with a negative screening test truly don’t have the

Predict value positive: TP/(TP+FN)*100 Predict value negative: TN/(TN+FP)*100

Which of the following drugs is associated with the reaction of hepatitis? A. Valproic acid Quinidine C. Isoniazid D. Ethosuximide

Which of the following drugs is associated with the reaction of Stevens-Johnson syndrome? A. Valproic acid B. Quinidine C. Isoniazid D. Ethosuximide

Which of the following drugs is associated with the reaction of Tendon dyfunction? Digitalis B. Niacin C. Tetracycline D. Fluoroquinolones

 

Which of  the  following  is  considered  a  class  IA  Sodium  Channel  blocker?  A. Propafenone B. Disopyramide C. Aminodarone Quinidine (Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias)

When part of body is thick which of the following applies? X rays penetrate more and the object appears more radiopaque b. X rays penetrate more and the object appears more radioluscent c. Change of developing cancer in that body part is less d. Chance of cancerous change is more – (if “penetrate” hear means “absorption”, because if the substance is thicker, it will absorb more photons and the resultant imaging will be white.

Rate of implant success after 10 years? 90 b. 95 c. 80 d. 85

Which results in necrotic pulp Inflammatory resorption b. Replacement resorption c. External resorption

Over the counter bleaching is with 25 % carbamide peroxide and the most common side effect is tooth sensitivity

Both statements are true

First statement is true, second is false

c. First statement is false, second is true

Both statements are false

While performing a tooth preparation, removal of one of the cusps and replacement with restorative material corresponds to the idea of: Resistance form

Retention form c. Outline form d. Convenience form

A patient who had a deep MOD composite placed in one of the lower molars complains about pain and sensitivity, dentist replaces the occlusal of the restoration with a new composite and pain is gone what is an explanation of why the pain occurred? Voids in the previous restoration b. Leakage c. Fracture of the tooth –

The reason for post operative sensitivity is polymerization shrinkage causing gaps,

which could result in rapid movement of dentinal fluid and this sensitivity. – BB

Recurrent caries incidence for a class II composite is highest where? Gingival floor

DO composite does NOT contain which of the following? A. Axiopulpal line angle

Axio gingival line angle c. Mesiofacial line angle d. Axio distal line angle

Which one of the following has the highest difference of coefficient of thermal expansion with the actual tooth? 1- ceramics 2- porcelain 3-polymers 4-polemr associated with – Wax (250-400)

When there is minimum attached gingival, what happens? 1- most likely you get gingival recession

When you have a horizontal rot fracture how do u take and x-ray? 1-one xray from angulated vertical angle

2-one x-ray from horizontal angulated angle

3-3-multiple x-rays from different horizontal angles

4-multiple x-rays from different vertical angle (One at 0 degrees, then one at + and – 15 degrees – Mosby)

When do u remove alveolar proper? 1-ostectomy 2- osteotomy 3-alevoplasty etc 962. A pedunculated white lesion on the palate that is rough, what is it? 1- fibrome 2-

papiloma 3-pleomorphic adenoma

Porcelain has tooth matching color by? Dentist choice by metamerism b. Lab adds stains in the inside of the porcelain c. Lab glazes and polishes the porcelain in the end of the design

 

All of these could be considered as differential diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst except? osteomas, fibrous dysplasia, central giant cell granuloma, hemangioma

For routine tooth extraction ,all is true except? 2 major forces are luxation and rotation

teeth are extracted by luxation forces

teeth are extracted by rotation forces (Rotation only for single rooted teeth. Not all)

class 2 lever is used in tooth extraction

Compared to a full thickness flap, a partial thickness(split-thickness) flap will

increase the loss of marginal

reduce infraosseous

provide improved surgical

increase the amount of attached

E. reduce healing time

Which of the following is not an action of epinephrine when given in high doses? increases liver glycogenolysis

causes bronchoconstriction

produces rise in bp

evokes extrasystoles in the heart produces restlessness and anxiety

What will you see in a diabetic patient? general gingival recession, gingival abcess, necrotizing gingiva, periodontal abcess

At high concentration of fluoride in drinking water (4ppm) the caries incidence:

a) remains the same b) decrease c) increases

Moderately developmentally disabled 5-year-old child is crying excessively and resisting physically during an emergency dental visit. Which of the following methods of patient management should the dentist use in this situation? Voice control, Home, Physical restrain – Master app

What will prohibit mesial drift of tooth toward edentulous area? Proper axio- occlusal contact (opposing and adjacent tooth) – T

Proximal resistance form of amalgam restoration comes from what? a. convergence of buccal / lingual wall b. retention grooves in axiobuccal / axiolingual walls Dovetail – DD: dovetail provides resistance to proximal displacement.

Oral granulomas, apthous ulcer, rectal bleeding is seen in. Wegeners granulomatosis, ulcerative colitis, crohns disease

Which treatment has the least successful long term prognosis on a deep carious lesion on  #3?  1.  Direct  pulp  capping,  2.  Indirect  pulp  capping,  3.  Pulpotomy,  4. Pulpectomy and RCT – Direct pulp capping is for noncarious exposure only. (Mosby)

What would be the most reasonable cause for a tooth’s symptoms to change from reversible to irreversible pulpitis? a) Accumulation of traumatic injuries b) Bacterial involvement inside pulp chamber c) Increased intra-pulpal pressure

Excess interocclusal space causes: a) decrease  VDO b) increase VDO c) same VDO

Biotransformation of drug causes – lipid soluble, protein binding, therapeutic active – makes it water soluble (less lipid soluble, more ionized)

Fear causes – inc pain tolerance, intensify pain – Fear often increases the person’s perception of pain, and pain then increases feelings of fear and

Which part of curette tip is adapted to the toot (a) distal 3rd (b) middle 3rd (c) proximal 3rd end – Lower third (1/3)

 

Diagnose Chronic apical abscess vs Chronic periodontal abscess

(a) EPT (b) Radiograph (c) Thermal test – I think answer is “c” but EVERYBODY say “a”

Which drug is effective against Herpetic simplex, Herpes Zoster and Varicella Zoster

(a) Amantadine (b) Valiclovir (c) other IDK – According to Mosby PG 335 – Table 8-39: VALACYCLOVIR is effective against HSV and VZV- FOSCARNET is the only drug effective against HSV, VZV, and CMV.

Radiograph showing radiopacity in lower right mandibular area spreading from 2nd molar to 1st premolar

(a) Perifying ossifying fibroma (b) CGCG (c) Fibrous dysplasia (d) IDK

Fibrous dyplasia is radiopaque, not well circumscribed and ground glass appearance.

Pt avoiding dentist becoz of ugly ulcer on palate and also shows concern while sitting on chair, what do you say?

(a) Don’t worry I will look at it in detail (b) It seems you are concerned with that condition in your mouth (I picked this one as we don’t give false assurance to any pt)

A dentist conductes a study about satisfaction of patients treated in 1 month period of time which study is this? ( basically a cause effect relationship result)

(a) Case control (b) Cohort (c) Cross sectional (d) Clinical trial (my ans I just picked because it is interventional study I might be wrong)

Informed consent can have all of the following EXCEPT: A) Informed consent must be presented  in  advance  of  the  treatment.  B)  Informed  consent  must  contain treatment options. C) Informed consent must be in written form. D) Informed consent must contain risks and benefits of the treatment…..

One ques was on paraphrasing: they gave 4 totally confusing statement…I was supposed to pick which was NOT paraphrasing pt ….

Patient complains, “Why do I have to stay here for so long for you to do this, why can’t you finish it already?” A) Because that’s how treatment works you B) That’s how long it takes to provide quality care. C) It seems like you’re upset, may be we can reschedule you for another day for longer appointment. D) It seems you are upset, what are your concerns about the procedure we’re doing today?

Question about what do you need for caries: Bacteria, supporting carbs and a susceptible tooth

Primary tooth requires additional reduction on which surface

(a) Mesial and distal (b) lingual (c) buccal (d) other option

DD à In the case of first primary molars, the buccal bulges often are very prominent. It is sometimes necessary to remove them to get the preformed crown to fit over the buccal prominence.

Incisal guide table is for (a) for anterior teeth arrangement (b) condylar guidance 991. PID ques about changing from 8 to 16 inch all other parameter remain only

change in exposure time from 0.5 to which one (0.5*4=2)

In X-ray tube , Electrons are produced by ? A- molybdenum cup

B- leaded glass

C- tungsten filament

D- copper filament

X-rays are produced when (1)protons strike the anode. (2)electrons strike the

 

(3)the anode is heated above 3,000 degrees C.

x ray effect is called: thompson effect or photoelectric effect

Epinephrin given along with erectile dysfunction medication what effect is produced: epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor!! so epinephrine will reduce the effect of the drug

Removal of subgingival calculus is termed as

(a) scaling- (b) root planing – removal of infected cementum (c) curettage – removal of infected pocket lining

Ques asking which procedure is most conservative when width of caries is more than 1/3 of intercuspal space a) amalgum b) inlay c) onlay d) cronw

Epi reversal is due to – alpha 1 blocker

Force put on crown, where is center of translation or rotation? Halfway down root

(axis of rotation located in the apical 1/3 of the root – tipping)

1000.	Best to debride infected oral wound? 3% hydrogen peroxide
1001.	Pt with Alzheimer dz, what do you do? Continue to monitor
1002.	Lidocaine – mepivacaine (Cross allergy, both are amide)
1003.	Cocaine produces vomiting by – activating CTZ in brain
1004.	Actinic cheilitis occurs with – SCC
1005.	Amnesia related ques of which ans was Alprazolam – T – anterograde Amnesia
1006.	Sertraline (Zoloft) adverse effect or something – frankly speaking I forgot what it

was in my test I randomly picket xerostomia hope it is right – Yes zoloft or sertraline… cause xerostomia

Zoloft what does it act on? Serotonin – it’s an SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)

Complement activated    by   –  a)   T  cells   b)   B   cells   c)      lymphokines    d) immunecomplex

What do we write the consult for: A) To gain certain information B) To gain clearance C) To have a better relationship with patient’s physician, of course.

Wheel chair transfer ques with option – sliding method still is best technique to transfer pt

Disabled kid, best measure: Consistency

Articular disk has 25 mm opening with click then on closure there is again a click, when is there is another click what is it due to – disk rest on condyle on opening and moves forward on closure (indirectly disk displacement with reduction)

Best Amalgam: High copper spherical amalgam

Mandibular 3rd molar root lost: submandibular space

Which of the following is clinical sign of Leukemia: Bleeding from gums, pale conjunctiva, fever

1016. Acromegaly causes: Excessive growth of mandible

Radiograph of zygomatic arch – CT scan, NO submentovertex in options

Patient does not have tooth #11 and has all the premolars, which one has the Worst Prognosis: A) fixed bridge from #10-12. B) RPD with pontic for #11 – C) Implants with canine guidance

Pt with medullary carcinoma of thyroid

a-hyperparatyrodisum

MEN (Pheochromocytoma and MEN cause thyroid cancer)

interstinal polyps

Kid-8 year old- 3mm crowding. TX

 

a-primary canine extract b-primary canine disking c-molar extract

molar disking

blood flow test in pulp? ts Doppler ( for blood flow) or like this thing , was before rq with options

IRM added in 1990, what was that? a-ZnPo4

b-titanium c-silver

d-PMMA

Discolouration with ant tooth, endo treated portion of carious teeth, need to be restore? TX

a-porcelin veneer

b-FCC – Full Ceramic Crown

c-metal crown d-composite

1024. After injection-pt    feels    tachycardia,    weak,    wheezing,    lethargy.    Reason?

Anaphylaxis, hyperglycemia, anxiety attach

Edge to Edge ant bite seen in photograph what is not recommended?

PFM Crown

b.    All ceramic crown

Patient has lithium overdoes its effects is greater on ? KIDNEY and TYROID. Nausea, diarrhea, convulsion, coma, cardiac arrhythmias, polydipsia, polyuria, inhibits the effect of antiodiuretic hormone on the kidney. TYROID ENLARGEMENT: increases stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion; may cause hypothyroidism.

Most type of bacteria in ANUG ? A. Provetella b. Spirochete

What type of fracture associated with exposed impacted tooth? A. Comminuted.

Compound c. Simple – Compound. Bone would be exposed through the mucosa near teeth.

Least likely virus to be found in the oral cavity infections – HIV

Which lesion resolves by itself? Hematoma and hamartoma both in option, others were obvious tx needed.

Bone marrow depression by what drug? – Chloromphenicol

Tx of   osteromyelitis?  Was   surgical   options,   no   meds   –      Sequestrectomy, saucerization, curettage

Tooth prep ques on anterior teeth, reduction on middle and incisal third for PFM:

gingival 0.3, middle 0.5, incisal 0.7

1034. Finishing line in PFM (CHAMFER 1.0mm – LABIAL SHOULDER 1.5mm) and veneer (CHAMFER) – Butt joint (SHOULDER) for porcelain jacket crowns

Pt came in for a 3 month recall, initial therapy doesn’t show any changes, pocket depths not exceeding 3-4 mm, what tx step will u do? srp and wait for 3 more months, surgery only if pockets greater than 4 mm

Pt comes in for a 6 month maintenance appt, little improvement in pdl status and plaque control is efficient, though u can see infra gingival calculus, what was the reason? You didn’t do SRP properly, pt has no goof access to the deep pockets, pt only concerns about looks, etc

 

Angry child, shows this behavior on the second but was cooperative on the first appt, what is the best method to control this behavior? N2O tx, GA, papoose board, voice control

1038. Validity – is the extent to which it actually tests what it claims to test. The validity of a test is determined by its ability to show which individuals have the disease in question and which do not.

Sensitivity – percent of persons with the disease

Specificity – percent of persons without the disease

1041. Reliability – equal to the repeatability and reproductibility of a test (level of agreement between repeated measurements of the same variable).

Macroglossia is not seen in which of the following conditions, chose

hyperparathyroidism,

Pt with mid face ill developed, no ear pinna, which syndrome? Eagle’s, tracher Collin’s, apert, crouzon – Malformed ear= Trache Collin’s

1044. Cause of angular chelitis: immune, speech therapy, poor home care

Predisposing Factors: intra–oral Candida albicans infection, loss of inter–maxillary distance (decreased vertical dimension), trauma to the labial commissure induced by prolonged dental treatment. Also linked to Candida albicans. Treatment: NYSTATIN will eliminate the fungal infection. – BB

Ethical principles and legal rules? Both are same, totally different, ethics exceed legal rules, rules exceed ethics.

AED – automated external defibrillator (AED) is not used in? children, old patients, etc – ts not given to trauma pts, kids under 1 year old and ppl with high pulse

A defibrillator must not be used on an individual who is conscious or has a pulse even if it is erratic but not life-threatening. 1. Responsive 2. Unresponsive WITH pulse 3. People under 55 LBS 4. People who are soaking wet (dry off chest)

Aspirin patch is histologically? Necrosis, hyperkeratosis, etc

Folic acid inhibited in? methotrexate, fluorouracil – people say both, BUT! – Methotrexate is a Folic Acid Analog and 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a Pyrimidine Analog.

Bisphosphanates are not given in? metastasis of breast ca to bone, metastasis of prostate to bone, osteomyelitis, multiple myeloma

1050.	Which is the most common oral site for metastatic cancer? Posterior mandible
1051.	Which is the most common site for primary oral cancer? Tongue
1052.	Worst prognosis? Floor of tongue
1053.	Best prognosis? Lower lip
1054.	Supra basilar split and pemphigus
1055.	Bone Grafting, which one shows worst prognosis? Max ant, mand ant, max post,

mand post

Trephination – Apical trephination is accomplished by aggressively placing a No. 15 to 25 k-file beyond the confines of the apex. Surgical trephination is a perforation of the alveolar cortical bone to release accumulated tissue exudates. A small (5-mm) horizontal incision is made with a No. 15 scapel blade at the level slightly apical to the root apex. A No. 6 or 8 round bur is used on a straight handpiece to penetrate the cortical plate above the root apex. If there is diffuse swelling (cellulitis), antibiotics are usually indicated. – DD

A. Incision and drainage and trephination.

1. Objectives are  to  evacuate  exudates  and  purulence  and  toxic  irritants.  Removal speeds healing and reduces discomfort from irritants and The best treatment

 

for swelling from acute apical abscess is to establish drainage and to clean and   shape the canal.

Indications for trephination of hard tissues:

If a pathway is needed from hard tissue to obtain necessary

When pain is caused by accumulation of exudate within the alveolar

To obtain samples for bacteriologic analysis. Procedure.

a. Incision and drainage is a surgical opening created in soft tissue for the purpose of releasing exudates or decompressing an area of swelling. Trephination refers to surgical perforation of the alveolar cortical bone to release accumulated tissue exudates. Profound anesthesia is difficult to achieve in the presence of infection because of the acidic pH of the abscess and hyperalgesia. The incision should be made firmly through periosteum to bone. Vertical incisions are parallel with major blood vessels and nerves and leave very little scarring. These procedures may include the placement and subsequent timely removal of a drain. Antibiotics may be indicated in patients with diffuse swelling (cellulitis), patients with systemic symptoms, or patients who are

Purpose of Hex in implants – antirotation 1058. Most common type of caries seen in kids 1059.      Non working side interference

Beclomethasone uses – Beclomethasone, Budesonide, & Flunisolide: special glucocorticoids (INHALERS) developed to treat chronic asthma and bronchial disease by readily penetrating the airway mucosa, but have very short half-lives after they enter the blood so systemic effects and toxicity are greatly reduced. – is inhalational steriod used as inhaler in asthma prevention.

What is advantage of Beclomethasone – corticoid (topical and inhaler)

Combination of tricyclic antidepressants (there was diferent combination but the correct was) A) imipramine + amitriptyline

1063. Doxycyline read its uses – Doxycycline (Vibramycin)- treats syphilis, rickettsia infections, Chlamydia, & mycoplasma infections, and is an alternative to mefloquine for malaria prophylaxis. – Prevents further breakdown of periodontal tissues by blocking collagenase.

Picture – Hyoid bone (both sides) 1065. Pano- inferior border of mandible 1066.           Cocaine – vasoconstrictor

1067. Opioid side effects – Common Side Effects: sedation and drowsiness (by depressing the conscious centers of the brain), dizziness, & nausea. The MOST common side effect of the narcotic (opiate) analgesics is NAUSEA. Narcotic analgesics DO NOT cause peptic ulcers or insomnia.

Fracture at root apex: splinting for how many days? 7-10 days, 2-3 weeks, 4-6 weeks – Horizontal fracture – rigid splinting for 3 – 4 months

Avulsed tooth – flexible splint for 7-10 days (1-2 weeks)

How long after extraction can you insert the complete denture???? 4 weeks, 1 week, 6 weeks, 8 weeks (8-16 WEEKS)

Pt takes too much opioid, what do you see? A. insomnia b. irritability c. headache

pt feels cold – because of hypothermia / hypothension

 

Mepivacaine indication – mepivacaine has less of a vasodilator effect compared with the others and is the drug usually chosen when a vasoconstrictor is not used with the local anesthetic.

Question on upcoding – reporting a more complex and/or higher cost procedure than was actually performed.

1074. Down coding: a practice of third party payers in which the benefit code has been changed to a less complex and /or lower cost procedure than was reported where delineated in contract

Bundling: systematic combining of distinct dental procedures by a third party payer that result in reduced benefit for the patient/beneficiares.

Unbundling: separating of dental procedure into component parts with each part having a charge so that the cumulative charge of the component is greater than the total charge to patients who are not beneficiaries of a dental plan for the same procedure.

Bacteria seen in chronic periodontitis – P. gingivalis (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intemedia, C. rectus)

Chronic periodontitis most common in – black males

Percussion used for- symptomatic apical periodontitis

1080. Ept indications – usually elicits a response at a HIGHER current than normal if the tooth being tested has CHRONIC PULPITIS. Acute pulpitis – indicated by a lower than normal current, as acute inflammation mediators lower the pain threshold. Chronic pulpitis  – indicated  by  a  response  at a  HIGHER  current than  normal.  Hyperemia  – indicated by a LOWER than normal current, but a higher current than with an acute pulpitis. Pulp necrosis/Abscess – indicated by no response at any current – BB

Benzoyl peroxide initiator- self cure

Caoh indications – Calcium hydroxide may be used to induce apical hard tissue formation. Use calcium hydroxide for reparative dentin. Typical liner used with direct restorations. – Mosby

Q on galvanic shock patient had electric pain after restoration 1084. Q on reversible pulpitis irreversible pulpitis

Recession – apical positioning flap? I thinks it is contraindicated – Free Gingival Graft Indications:  Prevent  further  recession  and  successfully  widen  (increase  the width) of attached gingiva, used therapeutically to widen attached gingiva after recession occurs and prophylactically (to prevent), corrects localized narrow recessions or clefts, but NOT DEEP WIDE RECESSIONS.  Pedicle Flap (Laterally Positioned Flap) – areas where narrow gingival recession. Used to correct or prevent recession by providing root coverage, creating a wider band of gingiva, and in the absence of recession to widen the zone of gingiva. Coronally Positioned Flap – a full -thickness mucoperiosteal flap almost exclusively used to restore gingival height and the zone of attached gingiva over isolated areas of gingival recession.

Most prevelant – type two diabetes? Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes.

Interaction between nitroglycerin and epinephrine is what type of antagonism?

Allosteric, Physiologic, Biochemical, Competitive 1088. Color stability in light cure – Tegdma

Composite class 2 restoration maintained by – extent till caries, retention n resistance form, rest i forgot options

Rubber dam leakage – holes placed too close

 

Rest thickness at margin – 0.5/1.5 or 1mm? – Occlusal rest 1.5 mm (Mosby)

Treatment of nug what antibiotics n mouthwashes. – The treatment of NUG or NUP includes debridement, hydrogen peroxide (or chlorhexidine) rinses, and antibiotic therapy (Pen. V) if there is systemic involvement (manifested by fever, malaise, and lymphadenopathy). Patients with HIV-asssociated NUG require gentle debridement and antimicrobial rinses. (DD)

What distunguish myocardial infarction from angina – thrombosis

Indirect sympathomimetic drug? Diphenyl – Amphetamine is the ans

Occlusal adjustments after composite restoration or amalgam: green stone, diamond bur, steel bur or carbide bur? – Remaining excess composite = finishing diamond burs, discs, strips, and the margins finely polished. Aluminum oxide disks provide the most desirable finished surface for a composite resin. – BB / Green stone is used to remove a relatively large bulk of amalgam.

Sodium hypochlorite doesn’t – chelates

Sodium hypo – dissolves necrotic tissues

If a patient is taking chantix what else need to be included in his smoking quitting regimen 1)use nicotin patches 2)zyban 3)behavioural counsellingis the ans

Community fluoride: 0.2% / week in underprivileged areas . true is the ans 1100. Case q’s about side effect of drug that cause altered taste sensation?

Cyclobenzaprine ans , calcium carbonate

Loosening and premature loss of deciduous teeth seen in early stage of – hyperphosphatasia – hypophosphatasia IS THE ANS – psuodophosphatasia

vit d resistant rickets – vit d deficient rickets

Patient complains of pain due to oral mucositis after radiotherapy, the pain is best treated with:

Nystatin b. Benzyl hydrochloride IS THE ANS c. Topical conticosteroid d. Morphine

Large filler particles in composite increase the strength of hardness? False – Small size filler particles in composite resins results in better finishing and greater resistance to occlusal wear. – BB

Large filler particles in composite increase polishibility & finishing? False

Smaller filler particles are used to produce a resin with a relatively smooth finished surface

– BB

Pt. wd radiation therapy effects- carcinogenisis? Osteoradionecrosis?

Oral mucous membrane: (1) Near the end of the second week of therapy, the mucous membrane begins to show areas of redness (mucositis), (desquamated epithelial layer, secondary yeast infection by C. albicans is a common complication and may require treatment.

Pt. has white spot on cervical area of tooth, what is the treatment- fluoride varnish or no treatment

Reverse smile – pt chin upward

In class V amalgam preparation for an incipient lesion, the ideal internal form of the preparation has which of the following features?

Axial wall is flat b. Mesial and distal walls converge c. Occlusal and gingival walls converge d. Axial wall is uniformly deep into dentin

Lithium – bipolar

In preparing a class I cavity for dental amalgam, the dentist will diverge the mesial and distal walls toward the occlusal surface. This divergence serve to

Prevent undermining of marginal ridges b. Provide convenience form

 

Resist the forces of mastication d. Extend the preparation into areas more readily cleansed.

Which bur is used to converge axial wall of the crown, ????/No. 173

1112. Elongation of  which  papillae  –  hairy  tongue  (HYPERTROPHY  of  the  FILIFORM PAPILLAE)

Facebow – The facebow transfer is NOT a maxillo-mandibular record. Rather, it is a record used to orient the maxillary cast to the hinge axis on the articulator. The facebow transfers the maxilla/hinge axis relationship to the articulator during mounting of the maxillary cast.

TCA antagonist – Physostigmine – Physostigmine’s primary therapeutic role aims to

ameliorate delirium as a result of the anticholinergic (more  accurately,  antimuscarinic) toxidrome resultant from the blockade of muscarinic receptors by agents such as atropine, antihistamines, tricyclic antidepressant (TCA), amongst other xenobiotics.

Class V glass ionomer prep should : not bevel at all – Not for Gic, bevel only for composite.

What kind of bur cuts more efficiently? Diamond

12 year girl had AML and bone marrow replacement most likely to find  intraorally? Candidiasis – children w/ leukemia are very susceptible to candida fungal infections, thus, nystatin rinses are effective tx.

Which drugs cause cleft lip and palate = anticonvulsants , valium, vitamin deficiency or excess

Place a FPD and it has occlusal deflection, what it the immediate result? A.

fracture B. pain on biting C. sensitivity to cold. – The most common complaint after cementation of a fixed bridge is sensitivity to hot/cold and is an indication of a deflective occlusal contact. Inmediate correction of the occlusion must be made.

Which of the following has decreased ALP and early loss of teeth –

hypophosphatasia.

Retention maxillary complete denture = peripheral seal

Retention mandibular complete denture = denture stability in covering as much basal bone possible without impinging on muscle attachment

PT fractured many FPDs you made her, why? Bad metal frame work design – Repeated fracture of a porcelain fused to metal (PFM) is due primarily to an Inadequately Designed Framework.

Why is there a cross-linking agent to dimethacrylate? So you can layer acrylic without getting craze/fracture lines. STRENGTH-for proper adhesion between incremental curing.

When will Amelog. Imp. Have the most effect on the maxillary centrals? A. 1-6 months – calcification of maxillary centrals 3-4 months. (Laterals 10-12 months)

What type of drug is PROZAC? Prototype SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor)

Max strength of porcelain? CONDENSATION – Max condensation, less porosity = stronger porcelain!

Most caries in primary teeth seen where? distal to mandibular 1st

In young patients, stains are more prominent on which area of the teeth? cervical

Which of the following does a .02 taper indicate for a K-file?

(1)  0.02mm increase in diameter per 1mm of file length

2mm increase in diameter per 2mm of file length

 

2mm increase in diameter per 1mm of file length

Picture of traumatic granuloma (pyogenic granuloma) in buccal vestibule, what is the Tx? Excision, If pregnant, lesion may regress after birth – BB

1132.	NSAIDs works on? Platelet reversibly – except aspirin
1133.	What causes gingival hyperplasia? Calcium Channel Blockers: Verapamil
1134.	Which thyroid drug adds iodine to thyroxine decreasing its level – prothiouracil.
1135.	Which antiretroviral causes pancreatitis and peripheral neuralgia – Stavudine
1136.	Forcepts – elevation, luxation, compression, reflection? – Luxation – Elevation and

reflection is periosteal, compression is fingers.

1137.   THE BUCCINADOR MUSCLE IS PIERCED BY THE NEEDLE WHEN PERFORMING AN INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK. – DD

Intraoral lesion of TB seen as – tonsillitis and ulceration (ulcer in the mid-dorsum or tip of the tongue)

Hyperventilating : tachypnea and tachycardia

Most caries susceptible tooth – maxillary 1st molar – upper 1st molar are most commonly affected (Kaplan)

Must difficult to change – HUE, easiest – CHROMA

Which of the following should NOT be prescribed for a patient receiving warfarin?

 

B. Metronidazole.

 

Codeine

In pediatric patients 1. asthma has a decreasing prevalence. 2. asthma is an acute inflammatory disorder. 3. asthma leads to increased caries. 4. asthmatic attacks can be triggered by anxiety

Positive Nikolsky: Pemphigus Vulgarys, Pemphigoid, Epydermolysis Bullosa

Radiologic damage is less with:

more oxygen

B. decreased are of exposure (or less oxygen)

Congestive heart failure: pedal edema, dyspnea and orthopnea

Least sedative drug: Chlorpheniramine, Fexofenadine (second generation)

A patient has a crown on tooth #30. On trying to close the jaw, the jaw deviates to the left. What is the reason? Interference on buccal inclines

Which of the following is the most important factor affecting pulpal response?

Heat

(2)Depth to which dentinal tubules are cut (remaining dentin thickness) – ASDA

Desiccation

 

MANNA BHATT RQs

 

K sparing drug: Amiloride, triamterene, Spironolactone

Spironolactone

Thiazides

Na and Cl cotransport Dec resorption of Na and Cl

Hydrocholrothiazide – prototype

Loop diuretic

Na/K/2cl cotransport Inhibits resorption of Na and Cl Furosemide -prototype Bumetanide

Ethacrynic acid Torsemide

K sparing

Na channel block: spironolactone Eplerenone

– aldosterone antagonist: Amiloride Triamterene

Carbonic anhydrase:

Acetazolamide Weak diuretic

Used in altitude sickness Osmotic diuretics Mannitol

Glycerin Urea

Used in edema after neurosurgery or trauma to CNS

Virax in oral cavity? Virax (Acyclovir) used for Rx of Herpes infection

 

What procedures you cant do in AIDS patient? Antifungal prophylaxis

 

Opiods effects. The short-term effects of  opiate  use can include: Feelings of euphoria, pain relief, drowsiness, sedation. Long-Term Effects of Opiates: Nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention and bloating, constipation, liver damage (especially

prevalent in abuse of drugs that combine opiates with acetaminophen),  brain  damage due to hypoxia, resulting from respiratory depression, development of tolerance, dependence.

Papoose contraindication: Mentally compromised pt

Battery

Lot of prostho occlusal interference questions

Which study doesn’t show cause and effect: Cross sectional, and also examine two

 

variables at the same moment.

Drugs those blocks prostaglandins has increased effect on gastric mucosa?

No it decrease gastric mucosa and increase gastric acid (peptic ulcer). Aspirin and other cox inhibitors.

Patient with squeletal prognatic maxilla and lower class 3 molar What do u do per surgical ortho treatment? a.Labial movement of both upper and lower incisors b.Lingual movement of upper and lower incisors c.Labial movement for upper incisors and lingual for lower d.Lingual movement for upper incisors and labial for lower

We do pre surgical with brackets bring lower lingually, and for upper surgically we do lefort 1.

Combination syndrome

Chs of band and loop

Least fracture resitant ; lithium, feldpathic, zirconia

Pka ( ph when drug is 50% ionized and 50% non ionized ) has effect on what?

onset

 

 

16 kg of 3 year old how many mgs LA to give? 16 x 4 : 70.4 mg

 

What meds you give in osteomyelitis? Clindamicin

Pt with bizarre behavior and disorientation you give what? ; insulin, glucose

Initial stages of sedation what pt feels?

19.  Condensing osteitis? Excessive bone mineralization around the apex of an asymptomatic vital tooth. Radiopacity may be caused by low-grade pulp irritation. This process is asymptomatic and bening. It does not require endodontic therapy.

 

 

2 questions         on          Periapical           Cemental           ossifying

What cyst in roots of mandibular premolar? lateral periodontal (also is the least common gral. cyst)

 

What lesions are not radiopaque? ; Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT),

ameloblastic fibroma, odontoma

 

Least likely to occur, AOT, odontogenic myxoma

Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT): Teens, females; anterior jaws; in association with the crowns of impacted teeth. Well – circumscribed unilocular RL lesion, may have small opaque foci. Enucleation, totally bening, encapsulated lesion that does not regres.

 

Which anticancer drugs effect on folic acid? Methotrexate

 

RG pictures Rg ameloblastic fibro odontoma

9 year old kid swollen gingiva, recureent skin infections

what is complication of maxillary molar extractions

what is easily curable, macule, hematoma, or something?

2 questions on Incisal guidance

RPD I bar fractured what you do? Soldiering

What does conjugation do to a drug? Make IT more water soluble

 

Problem with manual dexterity, what will he have problem with?

Flossing

Brushing

 

Dexterity comes by what age? A.3-4 years

B.1-2 years C.5-6 years D.7-8 years

 

What surface of a tooth benefits the most from systemic fluoride Roots

Pits and fissures

Smooth surfaces

 

Which surface part of the tooth gets the least benefit of flouride?

1-Occlusal, 2-Proximal, 3-Root,

4-Facial

The use of fluorides is the best approach to preventing caries. Fluoride, however, is believed to be least effective on the occlusal or chewing tooth surfaces.

 

Characteristic feature of Achondroplasia?

 

-open bite

-midface deficiency

 

Patient with achondroplasia, what will you most probably see

class 2

open bite

c) class 3

 

Which is more prone to injury in mand molar extraction :

1)   IAN

Lingual nerve

None

Trauma to inferior alveolar nerve may occur in the area of the roots of the mandibular third molars. Lingial nerve travels very close to the lingual cortex of the mandible in this area.

 

For a population, the researcher divides the number of disease cases by the number of people. By so doing, the investigator will have calculated which of the following rates:

a- incidence b- odds ratio c- prevalence d- specificity

 

Orange stain is added to porcelain in order to? Decrease value, increase  the chroma of a basically yellow shade. Staining a porcelain restoration will reduce the value (as will using a complementary color). It’s almost impossible to increase the Master app: orange stain is commonly used to change the hue of porcelain.

 

A 50yr old male patient has been advised for multiple extractions in relation to tooth #4, #6, #15, #20, #22, #25. Which of the following is the correct extraction sequence?

A) # 4, #6, #15, #25, #22, #20

B )#4, #15, #6, #25, #22, #20

C) #15, #4, #6, #20, #25, #22 – Canines are extracted last

D) #25, #22, #20, #6, #4, #15

E) #15, #6, #4, #25, #20, #22

 

Which of the following would you NOT prescribe for a patient receiving Warfarin (Coumadin®)?

1.  Acetylsalicylic acid.

 

 

 

(1) (2) (3) B. (1) and (3) C. (2) and (4) D. (4) only E. All of the above.

Metronidazole and Erythromycin inhibits warfarin metabolism. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation and causes bleeding.

 

Where would you look in a scientific journal to find the dependent and independent variables

Intro

·  Materials · Methods ** Moby pg 225

Conclusion

Summary

 

Which antibiotic is appropriate for premedication in the penicillin allergic patient?

Cephalexin

b. Clindamycin

Erythromycin d. Amoxicillin e. Ampiciilin

 

Which one is the most likely to promote proliferation of subgingival, black-pigmented bacteroides.

A.  Oral cont raceptives

Propranolol Underal®)

Chloroth iazide (Diuril®

The drug-of-choice for the treatment of adrenergically induced arrhythmias: quinidine.

lidocaine. phenytoin.

propranolol. Propranolol is a non selective B locker so it blocks adrenergically B1 receptor, B 1 receptor action is heart rate and force

Propranolol and epinephrine given together: epinephrine is adrenergic neurotransmitter causing increase in HR and PB… propranolol would block beta causing bradycardia instead

 

Which of the following locations would a perforation demonstrate the best prognosis?

(1)Apical 1/3 of root (2)Middle 1/3 of root (3)Coronal 1/3 of root

Perforations located close to the apex have better prognosis than those near the crestal bone (Google books) – talking bout root surfaces. “Coronal third of the root, the prognosis is poor.” Mosby pg 20.

 

Study among smokers and nonsmoker for 6 years (2010-2016) to develop disease? 1 Cross sectional study

2  Cohort study

Case Control study 4 Interventional study

Cohort study: prospective cohort study – a general population is followed through time to see who develops the disease. The investigators choose or define a sample of subjects who do not yet have the outcome of interest. Retrospective cohort study: used to evaluate the effect that a specific exposure has had on population. Investigators choose or define a sample of subjects who had the outcome of interest.

 

They measure risk factors in each subject that may have predicted the subsequent outcome.

 

Case control study based on A risk

B exposure. C disease D incident

Case-control study: people with a condition (cases) are compared with people without it (controls) but who are similar in other characteristics. Hypothesized causal exposures are sought in the past medical records. Prevalence.

 

A study which is conducted in different cases to find out the etiology of different diseases varying in different subjects:

A)  case control study

clinical trial

cross sectional stud

 

Cross-sectional study:

Descriptive

B. Analytical

Experimental

 

Hyperplastic lingual tonsils may resemble which of the following?

Epulis fissuratum

Lingual varicosities

3.  SCC

median rhomboid 5. Prominent fungiform papillae.

 

Sarcoidosis resembles? a,Median Rhomboid glossitis b,Benign migratory glossitis c-granuloma

No tuberculosis and histoplasmosis ..choose from above. Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown etiology characterized by granuloma formation in a variety of organs.

 

Where does the epithelial for a graft come from? with

a.   Donor epithelium

Donor connective tissue

Recipient epithelium d. Recipient connective tissue

 

Ultrasonic scalers are contraindicated with composite restoration … T

When scaling porcelain and composites, the use of an ultrasonic scaler is  contraindicated. Porcelain may fracture or lose marginal integrity. Composites have shown surface alterations, and amalgams have shown a loss of marginal integrity and surface damage.

 

The longest acting .most potent and most toxic LA

 

lidocaine

2  dibucaine

bupivacaine

tetracaine

 

Class II amalgam restoration has a overhang at gingival margin. This might have been caused by which

of the following?

poor adaptation of the matrix band

poor carving

c. did not wedge the matrix band

Overhang – wedge Overcontour- matrix

 

Excessive VDo= less freeway space decreased VDO= more freeway space? T

 

Not reversible index is:

a.perio b.gingival c.DMFT d.OHI-S

 

DMFT index is only used for permanent T/F

 

DMFT index limitation means? This only shows you the history of decay, missing, and filled teeth in ones mouth. It doesn’t give you anymore info than that. So lets say the patient has root caries; DMFT will not tell you anything on that, or if the patient has any sealants, it will not give you any info on that

 

DMFT (decayed-missing-filled teeth index) – Best index DMFS (surfaces)

 

What will account for the anterior space for permanent mandibular incisors

Flaring max. Incisors

2.  Primate space

Leeway space

Which allows more space for eruption of permanent mandibular incisors?

Leeway space (For late shift) – Leeway is the diff in MD width bet primary C 1st n 2nd molars and perm C 1st n 2nd premolars.

Primate space

Leeway space – Difference in the size b/w primary posterior teeth and the permanent canine and premolars. Max- 1.3 mm per quadrant Mandi- 3.1 mm per quadrant

Primate spaces- Naturally occurring space in primary dentition. Max- B/w lat incisor and canine… Mandible- B/w canine and 1st molar

 

8 years old Mandibular second primary molar, painful You did extraction what space maintenance after

A. band and loop

 

B distal shoe

(at 8 yrs old permanent first molar already erupted)

 

Little girl had ALL, had radiolucency in furcation of primary 2nd molar. What is the treatment?

•  Extraction

Pulpotomy

Pulpectomy

 

Radiolucency in furcation: In primary molars, the initial irreversible pulpitis radiographic sign is furcation radiolucency. Luglie found that 77% of the primary molars studied had accessory canals in the furcation area, explaining why the radiolucency appears   there first. In permament molars the radiolucency appears at the apex because it is where most accessory canals are located. The size of the furcation radiolucency in a primary molar is nor a contraindication to pulpectomy.

 

Pulp therapy is contraindicated:

Patients susceptible to bacterial endocarditis

Patients with leukemia Patient with nephritis Patients with cancer

Patients with depressed polymorphonuclear leukocyte and granulocyte counts.

 

Contraindications for pulpectomy:

Nonrestorable tooth

Internal or external root resorption

Teeth without accessible canals (commonly first primary molars) Significant bone loss.

 

Carbide bur with more cutting blades

rough surface at high speed

Rough surface at low speed

smooth surface at high speed

D. smooth surface at low speed

Therefore, low speeds are generally reserved for excavating decay, using disks, and polishing, while high and ultra speeds are used for bulk reduction, obtaining outline form, and removing old restorations. (Kaplan)

 

Antibiotic contraindicated     with   ALCOHOL    are    Metronidazole,    Tinidazole, Antimalarial, flurazolione, Griseofulvin

 

Antibiotic contraindicated     with   ALCOHOL    are    Metronidazole,    Tinidazole, Antimalarial, flurazolione, Griseofulvin

 

MARNE NBDE RQ’s ….. y más!

 

Proscar is used to treat? Proscar (Finasteride) is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

 

Motion sickness medication (not include antihistamines): Scopolamine

The most effective single medication for prophylaxis against motion sickness is SCOPOLAMINE.

 

3 years old child with 5 mm intruded:

Observe Extraction Ortho eruption

 

Most common respiratory emergency

Hyperventilating

Asthma

 

Upper first molar forceps: 150

 

 

Maxillary forceps 99 –> Maxi anterior

150–> maxi premolar

18 53 88 (R & L) –> Maxi first and second molar 210–> Maxi 3rd Molar

Mandibular forceps 103–> Mandi anterior

151–> Mandi premolar

13, 15,16,17,23–> Mandi first and second molar 222–> Mandi third

Deciduous forceps 101–> for all teeth

 

1997 law  CHIP:  T   –  For  children  in  families  whose  income  too  high  to  qualify  for Medicaid and private is too costly for Offers basic preventive and diagnostic services. Dental coverage was not a requirement in state (chip) then in 1997 its included in 49-50 states (mosby 221 page)

 

Dual cured vs light cured, color stability? T – Light cure more stable

 

Image: looked like Geography tongue, (but was not include in option) In lateral border of tongue, was not there 3 weeks ago

Erytropakia: clinical term to describe any erythematous (red) area on a mucous membrane, that cannot be attributed to any other pathology.

Lichen planus

Geo. Tongue: inflammatory condition of the mucous membrane of the tongue, usually on the dorsal surface. It is characterized by areas of smooth, red depapillation (loss of filliform papillae) which migrate over time. The cause is unknown, but the condition is entirely benign (importantly, it does not represent oral cancer), and there is no curative treatment. Uncommonly, geographic tongue may cause a burning sensation on the tongue, for which various treatments have been described with little formal evidence of efficacy.

 

Nitroglycerin (antianginal  =  coronary  artery  vasodilator)  side  effects:  The  two  most common adverse effects caused by nitroglycerin are orthostatic hypotension and headache It is sublingually effective within 2-4 minutes – 0.3mg). Antianginal drug: Nitrate: Nitroglycerin: This drug is the single most effective agent available for the management of acute angina episodes. Note: It dilates mostly veins. Indications: angina, acute myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure. (FA)

 

Patient taking digitalis and diuretics. What’s the patient is suffering from? CHF – Cardiac glycosides or “digitalis”, Digoxin is the most versatile and widely used. They are used to treat most SUPRAVENTRICULAR ARRHYTMIAS, CARDIOGENIC SHOCK AND CHRONIC HEART  FAILURE.  Drug   interactions:   many  drugs  affect  digoxin  levels.

However, digoxin does not affect the levels of other drugs, In addition, when beta– blockers are added to digoxin in patients with AV  conduction  abnormalities,  complete heart block can result. Erythromycin, clarithromycin and tetracycline may increase digitalis absorption and toxicity. Thyroid replacement therapy increases dose

 

requirements of digoxin. Drugs that lower plasma potassium levels (Thiazide and loop diuretics) increase digitalis toxicity. Of both digitalis and diuretic given what the pt will have? It will increase digitalis toxicity and lead to arriyhymia.

 

22 years old separated lesions in tongue and pharynge, fever,

Herpetic gingivoestomatitis: Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis (also known as primary herpetic gingivostomatitis) generally affects children under the age of three and young adults. There are prodromal symptoms (fever, malaise, irritability, headache, dysphagia, vomiting, lymphadenopathy) 1 to 2 days prior to local lesions. Then small, yellowish vesicles form, which rupture quickly, resulting in shallow, round, discrete ulcers with an erythematous halo – DD

Aphtous ulcer

Herpangina: also called mouth blisters, is a painful mouth infection caused by coxsackieviruses. Usually, herpangina is produced by one particular strain of coxsackie virus A (and the term “herpangina virus” refers to coxsackievirus A, but it can also be caused by coxsackievirus B or echoviruses. Symptoms include sudden fever with sore throat, headache, loss of appetite, and often neck pain. Within two days of onset an average of four or five (but sometimes up to twenty) 1 to 2 mm diameter grayish lumps form and develop into vesicles with red surrounds, and over 24 hours these become shallow ulcers, rarely larger than 5 mm diameter, that heal in one to seven days. These lesions most often appear on the tonsillar pillars (adjacent to the tonsils), but also on the soft palate, tonsils, uvula, or tongue.

 

Neurogenic sarcoma associated with what? Neurofibromatosis Neurofibroma may appear as solitary lesions or as multiple lesions as part of the syndrome called neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen disease of skin). The solitary neurofibroma is most commonly found on the skin: in the oral cavity, the tongue and buccal mucosa are most commonly affected. Derived from Schwann cells and perineural Treatment: 1. Solitary: surgical excision – 2. Neurofibromatosis: removal is impractical due to number of lesions, it is best left untreated because multiple recurrences may be associated with malignant transformation to neurogenic sarcoma. The importance of the lesions is the high risk (5% -15%) of malignant transformation.

 

Axillary freckling, lich nodules. Neurofibromatosis type I (von Recklinghausen’s disease). Clinical features: six or more café-au-lait macules that are greater than 1.5 cm. These are usually smooth-surfaced (Coast of California) / Two or more neurofibromas OR one plexiform neurofibroma (patognomonic for the condition) / Axillary freckling (called Crowe’s sign) / Iris hamartomas (called Lisch nodules) / Optic gliomas and several types of osseous lesions are

 

4 years old kid is

Fearful

Bossy Uncooperative

 

In US most dental pay is: private pay? Out of pocket

 

Histology shows parakeratinized epithelial lining and basal paragliding cells

OKC (Keratocystic odontogenic tumor – KOTs): Most common in patients aged 10-40, multiple lesions found in children may be component of the “nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome” – Gorlin syndrome, the chief site of involvement is the mandible in the posterior body and ascending ramus, the tendency to grow in an anterior- posterior direction without bony expansion, carry a recurrence rate of 30%. Radiographic:  well  –  demarcated  area  of  radiolucency  with  corticated  margins, unilocular or multilocular, they cannot be distinguished from other cysts radiographically. Microscopically: the lining epithelium is uniformly thin, (6-8 cell layers) and has wavy parakeratin, the basal layer is palisaded with intensely staining (hyperchromatic) nuclei, no rete pegs are present.

 

Researcher has set alpha 0.05. Results showed p value 0.01 and researcher reject null What type of error is it? / Experiment was done and error 0.05 was the goal of the experiment. After experiment was completed, the error was 0.01. The question asks what type of error was it? Type 1 error

If p<0.05, reject the Ho: the observer outcome is judged to be incompatible and the alternative hypothesis is adopted. In this case, the results are said to be “statistically significant”.

If p>0.05, accept the Ho.

A type I error occurs when the null hypothesis (H0) is true, but is rejected. It is asserting something that is absent, a false hit. A type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is false, but erroneously fails to be rejected. It is failing to assert what is present, a miss.

 

Anterior teeth class 4 big composite done few weeks ago. The filling is acceptable but too light. What to do?

Re do

Observe

Apply composite tint

 

How to differentiate endodontal and periodontal abscess

Pulp testing .. same with vitality test Percussion

 

Patient had tooth extraction and wants to sleep at night. What analgesic do you prescribe? Naproxen (long lasting)

 

Anterior, fractured tooth needs crown lengthening. Which surgery do you do? Gingivectomy

APF with Osseous contouring

APF without osseous contouring

 

Veneer reduction on facial: 0.5 mm

PFM is too opaque on Invisalign 3 rd: insufficient 2 plane reduction

 

Central tendency question:

Mean: adding, dividing

Median: middle measurement in a set of data where half the data are above and half

 

the data are below the number.

Mode: most frequent FREQUENNCY DISTRIBUTION

Positively skewed: large number of low scores and small number of very high scores.

Negative skewed: large number of high scores and a relatively small number of low scores.

 

When is elective RCT? Contraindications

Leukimia, uncontroll DM , recent MI

 

Gingivectomy indications: Gingiva Hyperplasia/Hypertrophy and suprabony pockets!

 

Gingivectomy incision? Above mucogingival junction

Remineralized enamel characteristics: Shiny and hard, darker

When does enamel start to demineralize (critical ph) 5 – T

Which is most important: value – T

Which show saturation of color: chroma Hue is color

Chroma is saturation of color

 

Which is not a differential diagnosis of DI? AI

DD

Ectodermal dysplasia

 

When supernumerary tooth is seen? Cleidocraneal dysplasia T – Gardner too

 

Multiple osteomas seen in: Gardner ‘s

Patient is behaving bad but dentist ignored him and continues treatment. What hi is doing? Extinction

 

Aspirin side effect (multiple side effect in each option)

Overdosage of salicylates (acute aspirin toxicity) is life threatening and requires intensive  supportive  treatment  in  a  hospital.  Initial  symptoms  include  RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS  with  HYPERPNEA  and  TACHYPNEA,  NAUSEA,  VOMITING,  HYPOKALEMIA, TINNITUS,    HEADACHE,    DIZZINESS,    CONFUSION,    DEHYDRATION,    HYPERTHERMIA,

HYPERACTIVITY  and  HEMATOLOGIC  ABNORMALITIES,  progressing  to  COMA  and RESPIRATRY  COLLAPSE. Chronic  aspirin  toxicity: SALICYLISM, CNS  EFFECTS, BLEEDING

and GI DISTURBANCES. Aspirin  is  an  irreversible  platelet  inhibitor  and  can  reduce blood clotting to prolong bleeding. Low doses of aspirin taken regularly can have a cardio-protective effect. These doses reduce thromboxane production in platelets to result in the inhibition of platelet aggregation. In this way, aspirin has the ability to inhibit the formation of life-threatening thrombi (blood cloths).

 

CONTRAINDICATIONS: bleeding disorders (aspirin will increase bleeding time), do not use in children (Reye syndrome), pregnancy (specially during the third trimester), peptic ulcers (aspirin may cause bleeding of the GI tract), ASTHMA, RHINITIS, NASAL POLIPS, concomitant use of anticoagulants.

 

Dens invaginatus commonly found in? Max Lat

Fluoride replaces which group: hydroxyl – What the fluoride treatment does is replace hydroxyl groups with

 

The size of radiolucency in #8 increase after treatment it can’t be due to

Apical scar

Change in angulation Canal leakage

 

Chronic periodontitis most seen in? Black male – T

 

Contraindications of elective RCT? Recent MI, uncontrollable DM

 

Arbitrary articulator

 

Group function: Only possible  when  Anterior/Canine  guidance  absent!  Otherwise posterior teeth disoclude! Group function occlusion is characterized by having working contacts. Sometimes called unilateral balanced occlusion, is an occlusal relationship in which all posterior teeth on a side contact evenly as the jaw is moved toward that side (working side). All teeth on the non-working side are free of any contact. The group function of the teeth on the working side distributes the occlusal load. The absence of contact on the non-working side prevents those teeth from  being subjected to the destructive, obliquely directed forces found in non-working interferences. It also saves the centric holding cusps, the mandibular buccal cusps

and the maxillary cusps from excessive wear. THE OBVIOUS  ADVANTAGE IS  THE MAINTENANCE OF THE OCCLUSION. Some relationships are not conductive to cuspid protected occlusion (canine – diclusion of all of the posterior teeth) such as CLASS II or end-to-end relationships. Some relationships are not amenable to group function such   as CLASS  II, deep  vertical overlap. When placing a crown on a maxillary canine, if you

change a canine protected occlusion to group function you increase the potential for a “non-working side” interference.

 

43. Balanced occlusion: All  teeth  contact  during  all  excursive  movements  in  complete dentures — CR coincides CO – no anterior guidance

 

Orthostatic hypotension ( meds who can cause it): Opiods, anti hypertensives, nitrates, hypoglycemic

 

Medication interacting with nitroglycerin: EPINEPHRINE (physiologic antagonists)

 

Medication interacting with LA

 

Treatment for cardiovascular disease: Statins

 

Nitroglycerin, propanolol, and something else are all used to treat which of the following conditon? angina – Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator, dilates the coronary arteries for proper blood flow

 

Which of the following is not directly related to a drug toxicity of nitroglycerine? a. Dizziness projectile vomiting c.tachycardia d.Headaches

 

Which of the following medications increases the risk of bleeding?

a)   Dabigatran – Blood thinner. It can treat and prevent blood clots, reducing the risk of stroke.

Sprinolactone c) Verapamil d) Nitroglycerin e) Losartan

 

A patient who uses nitroglycerine has

rheumatic heart

 

C.  coronary artery disease

high blood

cardiac

Indications: angina, acute myocardial infarction, and congestive heart failure. (FA)

 

Nitroglycerin dilates the coronary arteries in angina pectoris by a.Decreasing the heart rate reflexly Increasing the metabolic work of the myocardium c.Direct action on smooth muscle in the vessel walls d.Increasing the effective refractory period in the atrium e.Blocking beta-adrenergic receptor

 

Which antitubercosal drug inhibits the syntesis of arabinogalactan ?? a)isoniazid b)rifampin c)pyrazinamide d)rifabutin e)ethambutol

 

Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with which medication?

hydralazine, procainamide, isoniazid, all.

 

Which of the following drugs is associated with the reaction of stevens johnson syndrome? quinidine b.valproic acid c.ethosuximide d.isoniazid

 

which of the following agents is used for HIV infections?

a. Amantadine b. Acyclovir c. Zidovudine d. Ribavirin e. Isoniazid

 

The most potent anti tubercular drug is

Isoniazid (often given in a four drug regimen – bacteriostatic and bactericidal)

Rifampicin: most active against bacteria undergoing cell division (bacteriostatic OR bactericidal)

Pyrazinamide

Ethambutol: active only against mycobacterium

Because the mycobacterium organism tends to develop resistance to any single antitubercular drug, combination drug therapy is standard in the treatment of tuberculosis.

 

Which of the following has ototoxic adverse effects?

Metronidazole

b. Vancomycin

Tetracycline

Ceftaroline e. Isoniazid

 

Antibiotic most likely to cause failure of oral contraceptives Penicillin

Rifampicin

Tetracycline Cephalosporin Macrolide

 

Locally delivered antimicrobials used to treat infected periodontal pockets include all of the following EXCEPT

Metronidazole B. Chlorhexidine C. Clindamycin D. Doxycycline fibres E. Doxycycline polymerics

 

What is the best antibiotic to be given in LAP (localized aggressive periodontitis): Metronidazole or doxycycline – best for perio

 

Which of the following would you NOT prescribe for a patient receiving Warfarin (Coumadin®)?

1.   Acetylsalicylic acid.

 

 

 

(1) (2) (3) B. (1) and (3) C. (2) and (4) D. (4) only E. All of the above.

Metronidazole and Erythromycin inhibits warfarin metabolism. Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation and causes

 

Patient who r taking Warfarin should not take the following Medications : 1- metronidazole & antifungal which ends with zole (ketoconazole)

2- antibiotics (tetracycline, macrolides) 3- antiplatelet (aspirin)

4- NAIDs

 

The most appropriate antibiotic for a periapical dental abscess is pen V. B. cephalosporin. C. erythromycin. D. metronidazole E.ampicillin.

 

Which one mostly use for nausea vominting after surgery

promethazin diphenhydramine chloropromasin

 

Which of the following drugs is most likely to dry secretions in the oral cavity?

Diazepam B. Promethazine C. Physostigmine D. Propantheline E.Diphenhydramine

 

Each of the following non sedating antihistamines would be contraindicated in an individual taking cimetidine for heartburn except Which one is the exception?

astemizole

Diphenhydramine

3  fexofenadine – only antihistaminic to be taken with cimetidine

hydroxyzine 5 terfenadine

 

When patient has asthmatic attack on dental chair, all of the following can be given by IV except:

Epinephrine

corticosteroids

Aminophylline

4.  Diphenhydramine – avoid antihistamines

 

Each of the following is an advantage of midazolam over diazepam EXCEPT one. Which one is this EXCEPTION?

Less incident of thrombophlebitis

Shorter elimination half-life

No significant active metabolites

Less potential for respiratory depression More rapid and predictable onset of action when given intramuscularly

Most BDz sedative used in dentistry ? midazolam – diazepam

 

What benzo do you give to a 37 yo pt with liver cirrhosis?

Diazepam b. Midazolam c. Oxazepam

Follow LOT (Lorazepam, Oxazepam, Temazepam)

 

MEPERIDINE (Demerol): narcotic that produce SEDATION and RELIEVES PAIN

MIDAZOLAM (Versed): primarily anti-anxiety, short acting, great for short procedures. Comes as a liquid for pre-operative sedation in children and as injectable for IV conscious sedation.

Benzodiazepines should never be taken with any form of alcohol. Serious potentiation of the sedative effect of each will occur leading to unexpected inebriation  and  respiratory depression.

Flumazenil (Mazicon): a benzodiazepine antagonist, may be used to reverse the residual effect of benzodiazepines in the event of an overdose

ADVERSE EFFECTS of NITROUS OXIDE:

Decreased mental performance, audiovisual ability, and manual

AT high doses and/or high exposures: reduced fertility, spontaneous abortion, neurological and kidney disease as well as bone marrow suppression (DD#39)

 

Hyperbaric oxygen treatment is used in

A) osteoradio necrosis B) bisphosphonate related osteo necrosis C) both

 

Which is the  injectable  bisphosphonate  that  can  create  complication  in  dental treatment ? Palmidronate , Etidronate

 

Bisphosphonate used for treatment of multiple myeloma – T

 

Which of the following represents the most common form of gingival periodontal disease in school-aged children?

Juvenile periodontitis   B.    Localized     acute    gingivitis C.   Primary  herpetic gingivostomatitis D. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

 

A 20 year old student presents with clinical symptoms of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG). Food intake for the last 24 hours indicates a soft diet lacking in fruits and The patient’s diet is important to investigate further because

A deficiency of certain nutrients causes

B. NUG may be limiting the food choices the patient is making.

NUG can be cured through modification of

Patients with NUG lose interest in

 

Metronidazole can be used to treat

denture

recurrent aphthous

C.  necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG).

primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

 

What is not indicated for management of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis? Pain medication

Saline rinses

Light debridement Systemic antibiotics

Topical steroids – because it will further depress immune system

 

Which of the following organisms are pathognomonic of acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis

Spirochaetes and fusobacterium SP B. Spirochaetes and eikenella corrodes

Polymorphs and  lymphocytes   D. Actinobacillus actinomycetes comitans oral capnocytophaga E. Porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia

All of the following should be considered for systemic antibiotic except

Extraction of tooth with acute dento alveolar abscess

B. Necrotic ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) unless it is acute.

Extraction of 38 or 48 with acute pericoronitis D. Full mouth extraction for a patient with perio disease

 

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and acute herpetic gingivostomatitis can be differentiated clinically by

A.  location of the lesions: interdental papillae involved in ANUG but not in herpes

temperature of the

 

 

 

In which of the following situations can topical corticosteroids be used?

Angular cheilitis. B. Candidiasis.

Herpes labialis. D. Erosive lichen planus. E. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

 

Which of the following periodontal disease causes the most rapid destruction of alveolar bone

Periodontal abscess.

Chronic periodontitis.

Phenytoin induced gingival hyperplasia

 

Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

 

Localized gingival recession of a permanent mandibular incisor in an 8 year old can be caused by

vitamin C

 

C.  localized aggressive periodontitis.

traumatic E. necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

NOTES: Diabetes doesn’t directly cause gingival recession but is a risk factor for periodontal conditions. Occlusal trauma may cause temporary pain  and  tooth  mobility during occlusal contact but does NOT typically cause gingival recession. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis may cause gingival recession at some point but it is NOT a common dental condition.

 

What is mainly contraindicated for Orthodontics tooth movement?

NSAIDs

b) Corticosteroid

EFFECT:  ANTI-INFLAMATORY  ACTION,  IMMUNOSUPPRESSION,  AND  AN  ANTI-ALLERGENIC ACTION.

TOXIC  EFFECT  COCORTICOIDS:  GROWTH  INHIBITION,  HYPERGLYCEMIA,  OSTEOPOROSIS,

PSYCHOSIS    AND    SALT    RETENTION.    Remember:    pharmacologic    effects    of mineralocorticoids include an increase in sodium retention and an increase in potassium depletion, which can lead to edema and hypertension if excessive and   may lead to dehydration and hypotension if insufficient. ADVERSE REACTION: Cushing syndrome, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, peptic ulcers, and an increased risk of infection. (DD#129)

GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION  not  done  in?  Shallow  infrabony  defects,  grade  3 furcations, 1,2 wall defects

 

Which of the following tetracycline class drugs should only be taken once daily due to its long half life?

Demethylchlortetracycline (2)Doxycycline (3)Chlortetracycline

 

How do you determine arch length? Primary teeth – distal to to 2 molar to distal to 2molar / Permanent – distal of second primary molar to distal of second primary molar

Arch width ? Inter canine distance

 

Which medicament can be used during pulpotomy procedure? a.calcium hydroxide b.EDTA MTA d.Flowable composite

NOTE: Used in replacement of formocresol, however, because of the high cost, it is not often used.

 

Connective Tissue Graft is the most predictable treatment modality for root coverage

– T

 

DD#101, 102, 103

 

 

SELECTIVE GRINDING IN WORKING – SIDE RELATION: RULL OF BULL

Buccal cusp inner inclines of Upper teeth

Lingual cusp inner inclines of Lower teeth

SELECTIVE GRINDING IN BALANCING SIDE RELATION:  LUBL

Lingual cusp inner inclines Upper teeth (NBDE2)

Buccal cusp inner inclines Lower teeth

Never grind the maxillary lingual cusp (primary centric holding cusps)

 

Working interference – LUBL. Correction- BULL

Non-working  Interference:  Balancing  side  (non-working  side)  interferences  generally occur on the inner aspect of the facial cusps of mandibular molars. Correction- LUBL

 

Protrusive  Interference:  occurs  between  the  DISTAL  inclines  of  the  facial  cusps  on MAXILLARY POSTERIOR teeth and MESIAL inclines of the facial cusps of MANDIBULAR POSTERIOR  teeth  –  DUML.  Correction  –  MUDL  (Grind  MESIAL  inclines  of  MAXILLARY teeth and DISTAL inclines of MANDIBULAR teeth).

 

CENTRIC: Centric interference (forward slide) can be corrected by grinding mesial inclines of maxillary teeth and distal inclines of mandibular teeth – MUDL.

Drugs and their antidotes

acetaminophen – acetylcycteine

2.    benzodiazepine – flumazenil (Mazicon)

coumadin – vitamin k

curare – tensilon

cyanide poisoning – methylene blue

digitalis – digibind

ethylene poisoning – antizol

8.    heparin – protamine sulfate

iron – desferal

lead – edetate disodium (edta), dimercaprol (bal), succimer (chemet) 11. lovenox – protamin sulfate

magnesium sulfate – calcium gluconate

morphine sulfate – naloxone hydrochloride

methotrexate – leucovorine

mestinon – atropine sulfate

neostigmine – pralidoxime chloride (pam)

17.    penicillin – epinephrine

vincristine (oncovin) – hyaluronidase,also apply moderate heat to disperse drug and minimize (oncovin – iv administration only)

 

Poison antidotes

arsenic                                                      dimercaprol, succimer

barbiturates   (phenobarbital)————————      urine  alkalinization,  dialysis,               activated charcoal

beta-blockers                                                          glucagon caffeine, metaproterenol, theophylline                                                                     esmolol

carbon monoxide——————————– 100% oxygen, hyperbaric o2

cholinesterase inhibitors———————- atropine

cyanide ——————————————— nitrite, sodium thiosulfate ethylene glycol———————– ethanol

gold                                                                                                                          dimercaprol heparin                                                                                               protamine sulfate iron salts                                                               deferoxamine isoniazid                                                                                             vitamin b6

lead                                                           caedta, dimecaprol, succimer methanol                                      — ethanol, fomepizole, dialysis

methemoglobin/cyanide poisoning————— methylene blue

muscarinic receptor blockers——————— physostigmine

opioids                                                                  naloxone organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitors                                                                    pralidoxime

phencyclidine hydrochloride (pcp)—————- ng suction

quinidine, tca’s————————————— sodium bicarbonate

salicylates —————————————————— urine alkalinization,dialysis, activated charcoal

snake bites                                                     antivenin

tissue plasmogen activator (tpa), streptokinase—– aminocaproic acid

warfarin                                                                                      vitamin k, ffp

alcohol——————– Disulfiram (Antabuse)

 

INTERACTIONS:

NITROUS OXIDE ————- VITAMIN B12 synthesis in the human body by interfering with the enzyme methionine synthase, depleting the body of VITAMIN B12 (brain and nerve damage).

CONTRAINDICATIONS:

COCORTICOIDS  ——————– Latent TB or fungal infection, AIDS, herpes infections and patients with peptic ulcer disease (specifically, gastric ulcer) – these drugs themselves may cause peptic ulcers, congestive heart failure. Orthodontic tooth movement. (DD125)

NITROUS OXIDE ———————- Head injury, bowel obstruction, pneumothorax, middle ear and sinus infections, COPD (emphysema or bronchitis – NOT ASTHMA, there ARE NOT contraindications for the use of nitrous oxide sedation in asthmatic patients), first trimester of pregnancy, with whom communication is difficult (autistic patients), having a contagious disease since it is difficult to sterilize entire tubes.

NITROGLYCERIN ———————– Myocardial infarction with hypotension, hypotension, and glaucoma. (FA)

 

 

Asthma is a condition characterized by episodic reversible narrowing of the airways. The most common symptoms include episodic wheezing, cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. The disease can begin at any age, but about half of patients develop asthma before the age of 10. There are three basic pathophysiologic changes: (1) Airway inflammation (2) Airway obstruction and (3) Airway hyperresponsiveness

Important: An acute asthmatic attack is best treated by administration of supplemental oxygen with an inhalaled beta2-adrenergic agonist (alhuterol, terbutaline). If the patient is resistant to beta agonists, theophylline should be considered. In a severe asthmatic attack that is unresponsive to the

above treatment, 0.3 mg of 1:1000 epinephrine should be administered subGutaneously.

Important: There are no contraindications for the use of nitrous oxide sedation in asthmatic pa- tients. Because anxiety is a stimulus for an asthmatic attack, nitrous oxide sedation is actually ben- eficial for these patients. If patient is taking steroids, consult physician for the possible need for corticosteroid augmentation.

General guidelines for the management of patients with asthma:

Minimize stress: short appointments, use sedation techniques (nitrou.s, diazepani or oilier oral antianxiety medications ).

•   Avoid antihistaniines

Minimize epinephrine use (local anesthesia up to 2 carpules of 2% lidocaine with 100,000 epinephrine may be used)

•   Avoid erythromycins and clarithroniycin in patients on theophylline

Be aware of aspirin sensitivity: there is a clinical triad of asthma, nasal polyps, and aspirin sen- sitivity. It is important to be sure that the patient with asthma does not have this triad when as- pirin-containing preparations are

Status asthmaticus is the most severe clinical form of asthma, usually requiring hospitalization, that does not respond adequately to ordinary therapeutic measures. lf not managed properly, chronic partial airway obstruction may lead to death from respiratory acidosis (which is produced by liy- poxemia and hypercapnia).

 

DARSHIKA SHAH’S Rq’s

 

Three dentist hired a hygienist – patient injured by hygienist, whose liability? Hygienist

Hygienist and attending dentist

all d 3 dentist

4th dun remember

 

3mm crowding in Mandibular ant permanent teeth? No treatment

Extract primary canine

Disk distal of primary canine And 1 more option

 

 

 

Early treatment: Mixed dentition minor crowding (up to 4 mm) may be corrected by proper utilization of the leeway space.

 

Class 2 dea prescription? Hydrocodone + ibuprofen = CLASS III

Hydrocodone + acetaminophen = CLASS II Codeine + acetaminophen = CLASS III Oxycodone + acetaminophen = CLASS II

 

Tooth extraction? On day of dialysis

1 day prior to dialysis 1 day after dialysis No ext

 

Which requires elective root canal? Pain in tooth

Exposed pulp

 

Severely tilted

Dun remember the 4 th option

Sometimes the elective root canal treatment of a tooth with a healthy pulp is indicated within a broader framework of restorative care. If severely tilted, preparation of the tooth for a crown is likely to involve hitting the pulp horn, with the possible need for endodontics on that tooth.

 

Clamp 212 (or some no. Dun remember exactly) is used for class 5 restoration Where to punch the hole?

Long sentences asking where to punch the hole – facially, lingually

 

Class 5 – restoration of choice? Composite

Rmgi = Resin modified glass ionomer Dun remember other 2 options 8)Most common in man?

Haemophilia

Diabetes

Dun remember other 2 options

 

CaOh success depends on?

Providing 2mm of gic base

 

Which material most stable in moisture Polysulphide

Polyvinyl siloxane

 

Wat does not aid in restriction and resistance of crown? Parallel walls

Surface area

Less convergence

1 more option

 

Tooth crown ration fracture most common with?

mandibular  first  molar  (max  CI  in  trauma  horizontal  fracture,  mand  molars  –  vertical fracture)

 

patient allergic to?

Nickel Cobalt Chromium Berrylium

 

Patient I dun have time to quit smoking?

Precontemplation Contemplation Denial Acceptance

 

Which is trademark name? Generic

Registered

Patent

Something dun remember the exact question

 

Patient disoriention and something else? Insulin

Glucose Epinephrine Atropine

 

Dementia?

Short term memory loss

Long term memory loss

Most common disease in old age? depression

 

Lingual flange recorded by? mylohyoid, genioglossus (lingual frenum), palatoglossus (retromylohyoid area), superior pharyngeal constrictor (distolingual extension). There is one option to choose will go with genioglossus it effect the length of lingual flange)

 

20) Distobuccal by? The distobuccal extension is determined by the position and action of the masseter muscle

 

Mandibular buccal frenum which muscle? Triangularis

Zygomaticus Caninus

One muscle from t dunno 4th option dunno

Mandibular labial frenum = orbicularis muscle Mandibular buccal vestibule = buccinator muscle.

The buccal vestibule: proper extension into this area provides the best support for the mandibular denture. This area is referred to as the buccal shelf.

 

The lower buccal labial frenum is: also morphologically similar to the upper buccal labial frenum but again less developed. It contains muscle fibers from the depressor anguli oris, or triangularis (another muscle of facial expression)

 

Which sinus involved in fracture ( I dun remember which)?

Maxillary (Mx lefort one)

Frontal

Naso ethmoidal One more option

 

Which movement of eye restricted in fracture of floor of orbit?

Sup

Inf Lateral

 

Medial

 

Type I orbital floor blow-out fractures FEATURES ‘ Limitation of ocular movement on up- gaze.

 

Question asking what is leeway space? Leeway space is the size differential between the PRIMARY POSTERIOR TEETH (canine, first and second molars), and the PERMANENT CANINE AND FIRST AND SECOND PREMOLAR – about 3.1 mm per side in the mandibular arch and 3 mm per side in the maxillary arch. (Mn 2.5,Mx 1.5 for each arch)

 

Scrap amalgam Sealed (with sulfide) Metal container Open

Mercury chloride solution

 

Where is the retentive arm placed? Gingival 1/3 (Between middle and gingival third below high of contour) – reciprocal is made of base metal alloy and retentive is wrought wire

 

Metal can be used in denture base for the reasons except? Metal has good adaptation and abrasion resistance. Otherwise adequate contour is hard, no esthetic and poor retention. Metal allergy for some patients

The retentive arm of clasp features? Retentive arm is rigid ant 1/3 rd, semi rigid middle third, and flexible terminal 1/3rd. Passive until

 

What does opaquer porcelain help in all except? Opaque porcelain masks the dark oxide color and will provide porcelain metal bond. Opaque does not make the main color of the

 

30) Y is gold preferred over amalgam? Ideal contour and very biocompatible. Gold thermal expansion near to tooth, gives ideal contours, better marginal integrity, more strength, also very biocompatible.

 

Which property is imp for burnishing the restoration? yield strength

 

The inflamed red spots in smokers palate? nicotonic stomatitis

 

Most common site of caries? Pit n fissure

 

Red complex which bacteria? PTT – Porphyromonas gingivitis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema

 

10mA 1sec and .5secs same effect of the film What is the ma?

10

5

20 (inverse relation)- time is reduced by half so it will double

 

1 film was given – underdeveloped and options related to it? Too high temp

Reduced time: Underdeveloped(light film)- developer too cold, developer deplinish, inadequate time

N more 2

 

16 kg girl max dosage of lidocaine? 16*4.4=70.4

4.4 mg/kg for lidocaine without vasoconstrictor and 7 mg/kg with vasoconstrictor for both child as well as adults.

 

Buccal root distal to palatal root. Where was d come placed? MESIAL – SLOB (SAME LINGUAL OPPOSITVE BUCCAL)

 

The bur used to polish porcelain? Steel

Carbide

Diamond (for cutting)

30-fluted carbide finishing bur is used to plane the porcelain surface and to remove the striations created by the diamond instruments.

 

The bur with more flutes?

cut efficiently and polish efficiently

Does not cut efficiently and polish efficiently Cut efficiently and do not polish efficiently Nor cut nor polish

The greater the number of cutting blades on a bur results in LESS EFFICIENT cutting but a SMOOTHER SURFACE (polishing burs are of this type). A lesser number of blades on the bur results on MORE EFFICIENT cutting but a rougher surface (crosscut fissure burs at high speed or low speed are of this type).

 

The type of speed for implant site?

High speed high torque Low speed low torque High speed low torque High torque low speed

 

The margin on cementum. Which material to be placed in gingival third? Glass ionomer cement ( GICs) or RMGIC W/ sandwich technique

 

Repair of porcelain process? micro etch, etch, silane bonding

 

Melanoma location? Palate and maxillary gingiva/alveolar ridge

 

44)Cause of mucocele? Mucocele caused by ruptured salivary duct, usually due to trauma, seen on the lower lip.

 

Treatment of ranula? complete excision with gland in new version of Surgical excision if recurs the excise subling gland dbm.

 

Pierre robin was – Cleft palate 50%, retrognathia and

 

This was related to Gardener. They didnt mention gardener anywhere just 3 symptoms wat is 4th that u wud check:

Intestinal polyposis, supernumerary teeth, odontomas, dermoid cysts, and colon cancer.

 

Ration of cleft lip in Caucasian? 1:1000 Lip 1:1000

Palate 1:2000

Both 1:700

 

Chronic periodontitis common? Male Hispanic

Female Hispanic Male black Female black

 

Prevelance can be related with which case study? Descriptive

 

Cause and effect which case study? Clinical trail if no effect then cross sectional study

 

Osteomas, glossptossis wat wud u check for? Gardner syndrome

 

Duct of submandibular gland? Wharton

 

Plastic heat sensitive materials sterilization? Cold (2%glutaradehyde)

 

Does not reoccur ? Ameloblastoma Odontogenic myxoma

Aot – Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (does not recur) dd card 112

Okc

12 month rct increase in size of radiolucency all the reason except?

Healing by apical scar – healing by apical scar will not change in size

 

Insicive canal Different angulation Leakage

 

Moa of suphauryl anti diabetic drug? increase insulin production by stimulating b cells of pancreas

 

Which can be diagnosed only histologically? difference between Radicular cyst vs Granuloma

 

After 12 months increase in size of lesion in rct treatment teeth except?

Healing by apical scar

Insicive canal Different angulation Leakage

 

Pulp necrosis type of wat resorption ?

Inflammatory Surface Replacement b N 1 more option

 

Cellulitis- Neutrophilia Neutropenia Lymphocytosis One more option

 

OSHA blood borne pathogens – msds sheet:

True – OSHA not related to MSDS sheet

 

Placement of pfm (porcelain fused to metal) crown margin ant?

Supra

At crest of gingiva

In between crest n epi

Crown-to-root ratio:

Minimum—1/1 Best—1/2

Shoulder margin – when esthetics are imperative (minimum of 1 mm of porcelain can be stacked at the margin hiding the metal)

 

N d wat makes penicillin allergic? Beta lactame ring

 

Patient has BCC how wud u tell d patient? Good prognosis

do you need to reappointment

this cancer in not as dangerous as others

do you want I called you guardians

 

the biopsy show that you have a cancer and we do our best to help u out

 

Wat is best X-ray for detecting bone loss? Bitewing

 

Most common finding of cherubism? Bilateral swelling of jaw with premature loss of prim teeth and delay eruption of perm teeth, soap bubble

 

Potassium sparing drug? spironolactone

 

Gingivectomy indications contraindications? Indication – supragingival pocket, enlargement / Contraindication – infrabony pocket, inadequate width of attached

 

facial vertical axis divided? 3 equal thirds – Its 3 plane vertically, 5 planes horizontally 71)cleidocranial wat is absent: clavicle

most common salivary gland Tumor: pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor)

 

lots n lots of questions related to case study . Which case study tells

 

lot of patient management questions related to desensitisation mostly

 

consent not taken? Which ethic? Violation of Autonomy

 

treatment with out consent? Battery – legal term in which perform a procedure without consent

 

liquid in gic: Polyacrylic acid

 

statements true reg zinc poly carboxylate: Good strength not irritating pulp replace zoe chemical adhesion

high film thickness Chemical bond to enamel

 

More More RQs

What procedures you cant do in AIDS – Prophylaxis

Chs of band and loop – Given early loss of 1st primary molars

What cyst in roots of mandibular premolar – Lateral periodontal

What lesions are not radiopaque? ; AOT, Ameloblastic fibro odontoma – ameloblastic fifroma – DD: An opaque focus appears within the ameloblastic fibro-odontoma owing to the presence of an odontoma. This lesion, therefore, presents as a combined lucent-opaque lesion, the ameloblastic fibroma is completely

Least likely to occur, AOT, odontogenic myxoma?

What is Brown tumors – Hyperparathyroidism

Conditions have macroglossia? – Acromegaly, beckwith wieddeman syndrome, Hypothyroidism,amyloid oasis,down

You don’t do RCT with PA radiolucency in which patients? Diabetes (uncontrolled DM)

Why you clean tongue? ; esthetic or to prevent odor

Treatment of concussion – do nothing

Too light x-ray? Why – Developer temp cold,under devolped,exhausted devolper

Phelobith location? ; nerve, vein

If you take Rg 10 ma with 1 sec exposure and you take another x ray with .5 sec what MA will you give you want same density rg? 5, 10 or 20 (Inversely proportional)

Mouth breather features – open bite constricted maxilla post cross bite, narrow arch too, short upper lip

Mechanism of fluoride? – Hydroxyl group from hydroxyapatite exchange to form fluorapatite

Lefort 1 includes what structure? Maxilla

When you make rest on molar you make rest deep enough in marginal ridge, buccal incline, lingual? 5 mm marginal ridge

Epinephrine contraindicate in thyroid? T/F – T in In hyperthyroidism

Abcess include marginal and interproximal gingiva called? Gingival abscess, pericornal, periapical

Whats the indication of half erupted third molar in 18 years old – extract? but 17 -21 is when normally 3molars are erupting. In ADA specifications.. Extraction of 3rd molar is not indicated if it is not causing any problems

You can avoid legde if canal is Small, large, short or curved? Short

# of granulocyte for sugery – 15000

Beta 1 selctive actions – Increase heart rate

Papoose contraindication – Mental retarded child, Long procedures, cooperative child

Hemophilia test – PTT

Alplrazolam – Anxiety and panic disorder

5 year old child not cooperative, wat to do? conscious sedation? voice control? ga ?

Precations for hep patient – why universal precaution? Its changed and expanded to be renamed as standered precaution card 63 pt

29.  Endo perio operative surgery ortho

Patient smokes, is implant contraindicated – NO (its risk factor)

Primary molar differs from permanent in cervical constriction T

Forcep not used for extraction of root

Most common organism in implant failure; same as regular dentition – Anerobic

Ginseng reacts with which drug – aspirin

 

 

Ectodermal dysplasia features – Anadontia , conical ant teeth , thin hair , mostly in male , x link.

Cleidocranial dysplasia what is missing? clavicle

37.  Identify periapical cemental dysplasia – Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) is a benign condition of the jaws that may arise from the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligaments. It is most common in African-American females. The three types are periapical cemental dysplasia (common in those of African descent), focal cemento- osseous dysplasia (Caucasians), and florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (African descent). Periapical occurs most commonly in the mandibular anterior teeth while focal appears predominantly in the mandibular posterior teeth and florid in both maxilla and mandible in multiple quadrants.

Dentigerous cyst radigraph

Regional odontodysplasia identify – Ghost teeth

which week does dental lamina appear? 6 week

Piree Robinson syndrome – Cleft palate, retrognathia and glossoptosis

Ranula treatment – Marsupilization or excision with remove sub lingual gland

Convergence of buccal and lingual wall which tooth? Primary 1st max molar,

Distolingual extension of mandibular denture which muscle – Distolingual just superior constrictor muscle (DD)

Which sounds will you look for placing anterior teeth. – Fricative (labiodental) F and V, formed between the maxillary incisors contacting the wet dry lip line of the mandibular This sounds help determine the position of the incisal edges of the maxillary anterior teeth.

Incisal edge of max anterior touch were? On the vermilion border

Major connector function? Stability and rigidity

In distal extension where do you put rest? mesialy

Most esthetic pontic design? Ovate

Where to place margin of anterior crown – Subgivingival

Lot of clinical qs presenting different scenarios and you have to choose appropriate treatment

3- 4 qs on But most of them direct

Necrotic pulp with open apex what is treatment of choice? Apexification

1mm exposure what do you do? DPC, pulpotomy,PUlpectomy

 

Patient comes after 1 week of composite says he does not like the color what will you do? Repeat restoration, add composite and some other options – Redo

Which bur do you use for porcelain polishing? Steel, carbide ,diamond

Action of beta blocker on smooth muscle? Since B2 adrenergic receptors can cause vascular smooth muscle dilation beta-blockers may cause some

58.  Action of beta blocker on cardiac muscle – Beta Blockers are drugs that slow the heart rate, decrease cardiac output, lessen the force with which the heart muscle contracts and reduce blood vessel contraction. – Dec cardiac output,dec hr

Which patient requires antibiotic prophylaxis? 2 qs about that – Prosthetic valve, Cyanotic, Previous endocarditis, Valves problems from recently inplanted heart

MOA of sufonylurea – Inc insuline by stimulation of beta cell in pancreas

All are   immunosuppressive  except?      Some  wiered   choices    –      Methotrexate, Mecaptopurine, Cyclosporine (All are immune suppression )

Antimetabolite for cancer which affects folic acid? METHOTREXATE

Premolar forcep all except? 150,151 for pm, 99, 203 – EXCEPT 23

Bacteria in chronic periodontitis? DD: gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. Intermedia, C. rectus,

E.     corrodens, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). P. micros, and Treponema and Eubacterium species.

Bacteria in NUG? Fuso, Spirochete, Prevotella

Gingivectomy where to put incision? A beveled incision is made apical to the pocket depth.

What does biologic width comprise of? JE + CT = 2.04

What makes up the periodontium? GIngiva, Alveolar bone, Cementum, PDL

Most common complication of extn of max molar? Alveolar fracture – Sinus perforation

Lefort 1 which sinus affected? Maxillary, ethmoid,frontal,mastoid

A boxer wearing mouthgused comes with complain of jaw opening in the morning. What is your diagnosis? MPDS

Light radigraph cause? Under developer

Lot of qs on patient management. Some straightforward some twisted wording. Moby is must

Cold sterilization which chemical used? Gluteraldihyde

Sodium hypochloride does all except? Chelation

Common cause of failure of amalgam restoration? Moisture contamination, improper design, improper trituration. Failure- inadequate design – Fracture- water contamination

There is a fracture line on amalgam restoration what is the treatment of choice? Redo restoration to check the fracture of tooth, Just remove mesial side and check and some other options

Lot of class 5 what is the material of choice? GIC

Which impression material is moisture tolerant? PVS, polyviny, polyether

Which material has inherent property of binding with water? PVS, Polyvinyl, polyether (hydrocolloid was not an option)

Modulus of elasticity which property? Siffness (DD)

Finger spring applied to move the tooth where will be the most force applied? Tooth dstal,medial – mesio distal direction

Nitrous oxide most common side effect? Just nausea and vomiting (dd)

16kg boy what is the maximum dose of LA – 16*4.4 (dose/kg) = 4

 

A defiant child does not want to cooperate which method to use? GA, voice contol, HIM

Gold standard for behaviour modification? Systemic desensitization, modelling,voice control

Lot of clinical qs about indications and contraindications of material use in restoration?

Day 2 practice ASD A PAPERS and treatment options for various ortho and perio cases.

MORE RQs

Which immunoglobulin is concentrated in gingival clevicular fluid: IgG

Middle-aged male has a fluctuant mass in the midline of neck: A) Thyroglossal duct cyst B) Brachial cleft

What else do S. mutans produce along with dextran after breaking down sucrose:

A) mucopolysaccharides B) macros C) levans D) proteins

Nerve involved in Bell’s palsy: VII

4mm implant, how much do you need buccolingually: 6mm

Mandibular 3rd molar root lost: which space ?

IAN block needle infection where: Pharyngeal, Pterygoid, medial pterygoid muscle

Veneer facial reduction: 0.5mm

PFM buccal margin depth – 5mm

Patient comes back after 1 year of composite restoration with pain and sensitivity –

microleakage

Radiograph to check integrity of Zygomatic arch – CT/ Submentovertex

TMJ radiograph – MRI for articular disc

Behcet’s syndrome associated with: Aphthous ulcers

Bradycardia treatment – Atropine, scopolamine

Which is NOT used to inhibit salivary secretion – Pilocarpine or Cevimeline

Which is contraindicated in nitrous: nasal congestion – COPD

Which of the following confirms the diagnosis of xerostomia: A) location of probing depths of >4mm. B) location of anterior (I picked this instead of A because chemotherapy causes xerostomia which leads to class V lesions) C) location of partial denture flange

Over titration of Amalgam leads to: decrease setting expansion, decrease corrosion, increase strength

Cavernous thrombosis infection via – lymphatic vessels.. as are on the upper lip is valveless (upper lip infection)

Patient does not have tooth #11 and has all the premolars, which one has the Worst Prognosis: A) fixed bridge from #10-12. B) RPD with pontic for #11 C) Implants

Metalloceramic crown which type of bevel – Chamfer 1mm

On working interferences and how to correct it – BULL – working side LUBL – non workin, MUDL – centric and DUML – protrusion

Wear facet on the mesio marginal ridge of MB cusp of mandibular molar – Protrusive interference

Macroglossia where is not seen (hypoparathyroidsm)

Most prominent cells in crevicular fluid – PMN

Ignoring patient behavior – Operant extinction

A 5 years old fell and max incisors intrude 3 mm ( tx) – OBSERVE

 

28.  Ectodermal hypoplasia – Affect all structures derived from ectoderm: Anhydrosis, Spars hair, Anadontia or hypodontia, fine hair, delicate skin, no sweat glands, nails deformed.

Prominent cell in cellulitis – lyphmphocyte , its chronic

Most tooth lost in perio treatment – Max 2nd molar

Where external bevel incision is made – Giginvectomy – Used in gingivectomy and Its done apical to pocket (junctional epi) and coronal to mucogingival

Disadvantages of modified widman flap – Not eliminate pocket depth, But it removes pocket lining and then shrinkage and reduction

Cleidocraneal dysplasia – No clavicle – Supernumerary teeth delay erruption if teeth. Frontel boosing

34.  Early lost of primary teeth Papillon le fever – Papillon levefe, autosomal recessive, impaired in T and B lymphocyte, palmer-planter keratosis , advanced periodontitis in both primary and permenant due to dominant bac (A.A) teeth float in soft tissue, excessive bone loss and mobility.

KOC how to diagnose it – Microscopically , the lining epithelium is thin and Parakeratinzed , basal layer is palisaded with prominant staining nuclei ,, the lumen cintain large amount of KERATIN debris and clear fluid similar to serum transudate( dd)

Dentigerous cyst (radio and patio) – Impacted / unerupted – radiolucency > 5mm upto cej – Cyst is lined by epithelial cells derived from reduced enamel epithelium

Why to extract bone impacted 3 molar – caries, recurrent pericoronitis, improper eruption path, resorption of agjacent

Modeling reshaping behavior – successive approximation – Behavior shaping a.k.a. successive approximation shaping is used when an existing behavior needs to be changed into a more appropriate or new behavior. The strategy involves use of reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired

Cross section study – No cause and effect

Bundling/unbundling – Bundling pay all procedure together – Unbundling separate charging.

MOA of sulfas – If its sulfanylurra then stimulate insulin from b cell of pancrease (Stimulate beta cell to inc insulin) – If its sulfonamide then ab compete with gaba and inhibit folic acid syng

Epi should be avoided in excess of: thyroid hormone, Yes because it causes hypertensive crisis with Grave’s disease

43.  Max dose of LA for 3 years old with 16 kg – 70.4

Changing the exposure time and how will change MA with the others factors remaining the same – (For example: ma :10 in 1 sec – If exposure time changed to .5 seconds thn MA will be 20 or 5 ??

Hardest type  of  ceramic:  Zirconia  (From  weak  to  hardest:  feldespathic,  leucite- reinforced, lithium disilicate, glass-filled, aluminia, zirconia)

Why Zirconia is one of the hardest ceramic? – Due to its sintering technique — slip cast technique which increases toughness

Diffencial diagnosis of perio endo lesions – vital pulp test (ept)

Order of treatment in case of perio – Emergency, Control, Reevaluation, Maintenance

The most important factor in choosing color for a crown – Value

Finish line of gold crown – in dd ideally its feather edge , but chamfer is

51.  Finish line of PFM – All CERAMIC shoulder, GOLD chamfer, PFM buccal shoulder and lingual chamfer.. but if not given.. chamfer considered.

 

# of bur used with gold onlay – 557

What not to use for pm (# of forceps) – 23 cowhore

Safe analgesic to use in pregnant patient (acetaminophen not an option) Tylenol 3

Class 2 narcotics – Percocet

Medication use in Parkinson’s – Levadopa, carbidopa, Amantidine

Alcohol addiction and use of Tylenol – Liver toxicity, so it must be avoided

Regional odontodysplasia – Ghost tooth, short roots , open apical foramin, enlarged pulp chamber, the thinness and poor mineralization quality of enamel give it the gost shape tooth, affect permenant more than primary, max anterior is more affected

Sjogren syndrome – Dry eye(xerohthamia), Dry mouth xerostomia, Rheumatoid arthritis

Meds in miastenia gravis – Neostigmine + atropine y pyridostigmine. Endrosphonium to diagnoses Myastenia Gravis, not for treatmrnt because of short duration

Side effect   of albuterol  –     Canidida and xerostomia (Dryness of mouth inc susceptabilty to candidal infection)

Side effect of nitroglycerine: Orthostatic hypotension, Headache, Nausea, Flushing of face

How does the insurance make money-1-pay per case 2-Barter, HMO,

There are only mandibular anterior in the mouth and planned was the CD… what do u look for?1-Balanced occlusion 2-Canine guidance

Maxillary molar thin attached gingiva what you do not do on the distal-FGG, Apically PF, Distal wedge (Apically displaced flap is done in adequate attached gingiva)

Nitrous oxide mechanism of action – It works on central nervus system( reticular activating system ans limbic ) its sympathomimetic, the only inorganic used , weak anesthetic and strong analgesic , used in conscios sedation ( stage one anesthsia

)(dd)

Dens in dente most common involved tooth – LI

Most common anomaly-DI, AI DI–1 in 7000

Worst possible outcome after splinting the avulsed tooth-Inflammatory resorption , Replacement resorption – external root resorption( inflammatry)

Down syndrome what do u see-enlargement of maxilla, mandible, Mid-face def

Biological width from where to where – Junctional epithelial + T = 2.04

Menarche- skeletal maturation, cognizant maturation, emotional maturation

Characteristic of arrested caries-they did not mention anything about colour but came up with soft under enlarged gingiva, gingival recession.

Epinephrine what it does, Prolong the duration of LA, vasoconstriction

75.  Intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of NSIAD – Lipooxygenase and cyclo oxygenase inhibition pathways – nsaid dont ecffect neither intrinsic nor extrincic pathway of coagulation,,, it inhibit platalet aggregation by inhibiting thromboxane A2

Main disadvantage of GP cones: Does not adapt so requires Zoe

Asymptomatic pigmented lesion on the palate 4mmx3mm what you will do for it ? A) cone beam and excisional biobsy b) cone beam and excisional and antiobiotic treatment C) no

Whats the heart rate for a child 3 years I believe – 110

The most chronic peridontistis will be found on – black males

SNA, SNB, ANB- related 82-80-2 – SNA mx to cranium 82 normal More mx protruded Less mx retruded – Snb mn to cranium 80 normal More mn prot Less mn retr – ANB mx to mn 2-4 More class 2 Less than 2 three

Primary tooth intrusion what u do- Observe

 

Rct contra – Leukemia , uncontroll DM , recent mi

Patient stand on the corner looking at the floor and his hand is folded together after you give him and introducation what you ask him or do next – What bring u here today

Xylitol can be most effective in reducing caries by – Increasing salivary flow, inhibiting formation of bacteria

If you have 2 proximal cavities how to manage? Prepare larger first, fill smaller first

Epilepsy which drug, grandma and petit – Phenytoin, Peti is exothusmide – grand mal- phenytoin

Germination,fusion ,attrition,erosion what are they know definition

Pregnancy safe  drug  –  Promathzine,   Tylenol  3   (Amoxylin, Aceta, Tylenol 3, Promethazin)

epi +proponolol what will happen? Hypertensive crisis – Increase BP accompanied by reflex bradycardia

Xray to identify zygomatic arch – Smv and CT

91.   Myxoma: honey comb, most common odontogenic mesenchymal tumor, Benign mesenchymal tumor. Hony comb appearance and tennis racket. May show sun ray app of osteosarcoms. Cz displacement but not resorption of roots, arise from follicular connective tissue resembling dental pulp tissue. Odontogenic myxoma (bromyxoma).

Uncommon to rare tumor of myxomatous connec- tive tissue (primitive-appearing connective tissue containing little collagen similar to dental pulp). Either jaw affected. Radiolucency, often with small loculations (honey- comb pattern). Treated with surgical excision; moderate recurrence potential owing to lack of encapsulation and tumor

92.  Ameloblastoma, Benign, Most common epithe tumor, Soap buble with local invasion, Mn post.

Pagets, Max affect more, Hyoercementosis , Cotton wool appearance, Mx, Cotton wool, Inc alkphosphotase, Osteosarcoma, Cotton wool, Hypercementosis and loss of lamina Tendency to malignancy osteosarcoma.

Gingivectomy incision – External bevel

Intracanal medicament – Caoh

Crossbitecase,case

About ageing of amalgam what happens – Inc marginal seal

Difference betn reversible and irreversible

Most common in school going – Marginal gingivitis

What is diff betn infected and affected – Infected we have to remove and not remenerilze.

Which force for implant – horizontal is worse

Some q about sinus lift – Bone graft at the floor of sinus for implant

103.            FN plane – Porion orbitale (Porion to orbitale Frankfort plane)

Bestxray for mesio dense – Occlusal

105.            Porcelian fracture – Porosity in porcelain is result from inadequte condensation card 29 pros) ,,, porcelain fracture in pfm , is poor design is main coz of fracture (dd)

Nitous oxide contra – Nasal congestion, 1st tri, Head injury, Mental retar, COPD

.1st primary erupt at 6 to7 MNTHS

Most impacted tooth – Lower3rd

Paresthesia which fracture? Angle

100% Humidity of alginate – Irrevesible, Synersis

About informed consent what it doesnot contain – COST

 

Max anterior common perforation where? – Mesial

Drugs for xerostomia – Pilocarpine cevimeline

Treatment of xerostomia – stop medication or modify them use of saliva subistitute or use of hard candy sugar free

Atropine – Cause xerostomia, Anticholenrgic

Cholinergic – Inc secretion, Miosis, Reduce bp, Inc gastric motility

Antichoinergic – Atropine, glycopyrrate, propanthaline, scopalmine

Antidepressant – Tca, Moa inhibiters

Read about gracy and universal curette, also about specificity ,sensitivity calculation.

Collimination function – Reduce x ray exposure, lead

Whitexray pics cause – Not enough developing

Chin up pic – Reverse smile – frown

Implant q one is temp – 47- less than 1 mint

Other was about antirotational element – Hex either external or internal

About hue, Color, Index100, Hue selected first

What u select 1st hue chorma value? HUE

What you cant change hue chorma value

h2 blocker ranitidine – TRUE

Sulfynoyl urea moa – Stimulate insulin by acting on beta cell

Moa of   sodium   hypochlorite,   .5.25%    ,removes    organic  debris, antimicrobial

Sodium hypochlorite is not chelating – T

Most radioresistance – Muscle and nerve

Verrucose leukoplakia-site – Buccal mucosa

134.            Terfenadine     —   erythro   contraindicated    (T…Terfenamide     (sedane)      c.i                 for erythromycin)

 

Ana Karina Perez RQs

 

Patient hip prosthesis with a strok a year ago you give prophylaxis or call to the doctor

– No need to prophylaxy in both situation

First symptom of Adrenal gland dysfunction? joint pain and pigmentation

Sialolith in which gland? – submandibular

Erythroplakia (erythroplasia) High-risk, idiopathic red patch of mucosa. 2. Most represent dysplasia or malignancy. 3. Biopsy mandatory. Much less common than idiopathic leukoplakia. Cause unknown (idiopathic), some are  tobacco  related  Usually occurs between 50 and 70 years old. High-risk sites: floor of mouth, tongue, retromolar    area.    Microscopy:    Mild    to    moderate    dysplasia    (10%) Severe dysplasia/carcinoma in situ (40%) Squamous cell carcinoma (50%)

Multiple myel. resemble to? idiopathic histiocytosis, both have punched out appreance

6.      Neuropraxia? Neuropraxia is a type of peripheral nerve injury, and is known as the mildest form of nerve injury. It is classified as a transient conduction block of motor or sensory function without nerve degeneration, although loss of motor function is the most common finding.

Advantage of auto cure composite – No light needed

What happen when you move when take a pano – Distortion due to patient movement: Movement in the same direction as the beam. There is prolonged exposure of the same area, with increase in horizontal dimension of the image. b. Movement in the opposite direction as the beam. The horizontal dimension of the image in the region is decreased. (In the option was distortion below and too I think is below)

Dif between luz led and halogen – No heat – no fan – so light weight, requires less power- so battery – so No retinal damage

Open coil between two teeth how is the force: Continuous or intermittent – coil give continius force not decrese like elastic … coil still active all time

11.  Concusion – No treatment. Tooth is neither displaced nor loose but respond to percussion

Best cement for veneer – resin cements (light cure)

Men with 54 years old with post cross bite best tto: expansion with appliance, surgery or do nothing – Surgery its same q in first aid

Complex odontoma and compound odontoma – Compound—ant Complex—post

I had a question of ginkgo biloa – Anticoagulant, Not given with aspirin and warfarine, and used as periphral artery

Demensia i had 2 q about this – Alzheimer’s- short term memory loss – dementia

17.  Patient inject local anesthesia iv what happen – Cns excitation, 1st sign of lydo toxicity: ligtheadedness, dizziness, visual and auditory disturbances, disorientation, muscle twiching, convulsions. 1st sign from epineprine: elevated pulse rate (symphatomimetic) followed by CNS depression.

Limit amount of exposure more in which? digital imaging

Function of conector major: Stability and rigidity

Patient white 50 years old have little caries what do you put: flúor, composic, glass ionome

Newly erupted tooth ehat tests for vitality – Cold

 

If the patient had good behavior before what do you do: tell show do or give a gift – Positive reinforcement

What is your name when you attend a nervous patient and compare it with the good behavior of the patient who are attend it – I think the q meant about modeling (observational learning )

Común tooth with caries – Mand 1 molar

Común tooth with fracture – Mand 1 molar

Común tooth with periodontist – Max second molar

Reduction of porcelain – 2 mm for both metal and porcelain .5 mm for metal and 1 to

1.5 for porcelain

Interaction of amoxicilin with methotrexate – Yes, prolong the action of methotrexate

Tto of acute manic episode – Lithium

30.  Tto for recession – Lateral repositioned flap (pedicle graft) in small recession area, for large recession area I think we do free gingival graft

Phonetic problem associated with f, v – Ant Teeth place too far anteriorly and superior

Which test is used to differentiate between endo and perio lesion – Both vitality and percussion test, ept (dd 2 cards mention that)

Which is worse to lose the first molar inf or a second molar in inf – Second molar

Most rigid impression material – Polyether

Highest chance of pulp necrosis – avulsion

Advantage of compound impression – Good detail

What can we use for sedation for a pregnant breat feeding woman – Promathazine

How Do you do better cleaning with ultrasonic with a thin point or more vibration –

Moooore vibration

Tto to ranula – Marsupilization, Excision along with gland as per new dd

Which gland ranula – Sublingual

Tto to sialolith – Conservative tt is saliva stimulants or for larger surgical

Which study doesn’t show cause and effect – Crosssectional (case control shows cause and .cross sectional doesn’t)

To what space go the tooth of 3 molar inf when yo found extraction – Retro pharyngeal

Pka has effect on what – Onset, onset, with low pka will have faster onset of action

Multiple odontoma in which syndrome – Gardner syn

Patient with bizarre behavior and disorientation you give what – Glucose

47.  Tto to ADHD – amphetamine was in the option (amphetamine was in the option)

What do you do in a patient with autism – Use muffler on handpiece to reduce sound, give instructions one at a time, slowly – patient is Noise

What cyst in roots of mandibular premolar – Lateral periodontal cyst

What is the complication of maxillary molar extractions – Sinus perforation

What is easily curable ; hematoma or macule ?

Nadal obstruction what sedation you can’t give – Nitrous oxide

Tto concusion – no need

Features of arrested caries – hard, eburnated , black brown

Lefort 3 – Separation from cranial base

Which surgery for open bite – Lefort 1

Serpentile feature – migratory glossitis

Which study FDA do to check drugs – Clinical trial

 

Patient said I don’t wanna smoking , behavior shaping – Contemplation , when patient is ready to change negative behavior (smoking) , precontemplation when individual is not considering in changing this behavior

Cleft lip and palate at what month – As average for both, 6-8wks

Bucal limitation in mand denture – Masseter (buccal vestibule is buccinator and distobuccal is masseter)

Ideal test for kidney function – Protein creatinine ratio and blood urea nitrogen

Reversal acetilcolina – Physostigmine

Nerve affected when there is a damage on the uvula – option cnV, VII, IX, X, XII (vagus)

Ancillary freckling seen in – Nurofibromatosis

Radiographic is too light why – Underdeveloped, depleted delevoper,temp too cool

3 mm lack of mand arch how you treat – Interdental striping

Smokeless tabacco cause what – Verrucous carcinoma

Lefort 1 include what structure – Pterygoid maxillary, Palate- greater palatine artery ecchymosis – guerins sign

70.  Lefort 3 include what structure – Complete separation of midface at level Naso- orbital-ethmoid complex and zygomaticofrontal suture area. Fracture extends through orbits bilaterally.

Anug resemble what – Primary herptic gingivostomatitis

When do you do elective rct – Not enough crown structure

What % in community water fluoridation: 0,7-1,2 or 0,5 -1

Best bone for implant – D1 – mand anterior

Fearful patient how you do respond

There is a small white stain: amelogesesis imperfecta, for flour , dentinogenesis imperfect – Enamel hypoplasia

A little Pigment on the gingiva if for melanin, smoking a lot of question on day 2 of pigmentation and xerostomia

Patient of class 2 div 2 – picture

Picture of osteosarcoma – Sun ray pattern

Reversal benzodiazepines – Flumenazil

A lot question about flap don’t remember the question

Hypides in pano

Best rx for interproximal caries – Bitewing , and digital is best

Q about protein morphogenetic – BMP- present in auto genous grafts – has progenitor cells — help in forming new bone

Most común seizure: gran mal or febrile – Grand mal, febrile for kids

Which antibiotic work on gingiva? azithromycin

automated defibrilator, how does it work? a- monophase function b-2 shocks c- contraindicated below 12 year old d- discharge when needed

which bacteria causes elastenase, collagenase? gingivalis

15 year  old  has  fever,  malaise,  vesicles,  lymphadenopathy?  acute                                                                                                      herpetic gingivostomatis

Necrotisizing sialometaplasia – Most common in palate, Resembles scc, usually occurs due to anesthesia with adrenaline, Minor salivary gland

Porosity in pfm?

Cancer of salivary glands and which one has perineurial invasion – adenoid cystic ca- swiss cheese; perineural invasion – Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon

 

form of malignant neoplasm that arises within secretory glands, most commonly the major and minor salivary glands of the head and neck.

Fracture also with paresthesia / angle of mandible, BODY

Xesrostomia and normal flow rate

osteoradionecorosis/hyperbaric oxygen

Lateral periodontal abscess is best differentiated from the acute apical abscess by =

pulp test

What will not regenerate after rct = dentin formation

3 partner dentist and hygienist hurts patient who involved in a low suit = only dentist supervising dentist and hygienist

How long after extraction you insert the complete denture = 8 weeks

Which one is more affect in male = hemophilia

Where does the epithelial for a graft come from = donor connective tissue

Macroglossia not found in: A)hypothyroidism B)hyperparathiroidism*

Radiographic image of (painless lesion, bone expansion) A)fibrous displasia (there was ground glass appearance to identify)*

Most supernumerary located in the: ant *

Cleidocraniodysplasia – supernumerary*

Plasma cell disorders multiple myeloma*

Which situation least require insulin A)trauma*

Herpangina – enterovirus* (coxsackie A)

Material least resistant – high leucite*

Which anethetic without vasoconstrictor is best to use – mepivacaine*

Do not use in myasthenia gravis A)erythromicine B)peniciline C) imipinem*

Broadest spectrum antibiotics – pen g procaine*

most common found A)odontoma*

Smoothest cutting but not efficient: carbide bur

Nitrous oxide side effect: nausea

Pt with many sinus fistula: actinomycosis

Wheezing during expiration: asthma

Where do u prefer GA? Ext of 2 yrs old

Pt came with What u will do first? Incision and drainage

Anterior guidance: both horizontal and vertical

Wear facet in primary dentition why? Don’t remember options (one was habit)

Garre osteomyelitis- onion skin

Chronic osteomyelitis- moth eaten

Scleroderma- purse string mouth + extrusing teeth

125.      Von recklinghausen- Cafe au lait spots; lisch spots on iris; crowe sign= axillary freckles

Fibrous dysplasia- ground glass

Pagets dis- cotton wool

128.      Cherubism- bilateral; soap bubble ; perivascular cuffing

Multiple myeloma- punched out

How many percent have access to fl community water? 80 is the ans

131.      MOA of sulfanamid – inhibit PABA required for folic acid synthesis – inhibit folic acid synthesis by inhibiting dyhydrofolate reductase by competeting with PABA

MAO of sulfonylurea – Stimulates insulin production from beta cells and increase sensitivity to insulin

 

Which one is class 2? Percocet is the ans

INR – extrinsic pathway ans

Which is correct about conjugation? adding a molecule to the drug ans

Which of these cognitive behavior decrease in a normal process of aging? learning I think is answ

Today’s Rq’s

What happens when you change from 8’’ to 16’’? 4 times

Stages of AIDS and no. of Leukocyte count.

Treacher Collin Syndrome – Treacher Collins syndrome, autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutation of TCOF1. Coloboma is part of a set of characteristic facies that features craniofacial malformations, such as downslanting eyes, ear anomalies, or hypoplasia of zigomatic bone and jaw (micrognathia). Defect in all 1st pharyngeal pouch derivatives, Malformed ear, mandibular hypoplasia, hypoplasia zygomatic

4.  Ectodermal dysplasia – Lack of sweat glands, oligodontia or anodontia, concave nasal bridge. X-linked recessive condition that

results in partial or complete anodontia. 2. Patients also have hypoplasia of other ectodermal structures, including hair, sweat glands, and nails.

What is the key factor for a denture to be successful? fabrication design, stability

4 yrs old child – fluoride supplement? 25 mg if water fluoride concentration is 0.3-0.6ppm and 0.50mg if water fluoride concentration is less than 0.3ppm

Infection stage of syphilis? – Secondary stage

Optimum treatment for palatal papillary hyperplasia? a) Radical dissection

b) Electrosurgery

 

3 canals- which premolar? 1st PM max

Triangular canal central incisor- why? To expose pulp horns

Angles Class II- chances of trauma the most – True class II div 1

Most broad spectrum antibiotic? Tetracycline and chloramphenicol

Angioedema not caused by which drug? Ace inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, nsaids, penicillins and quinolones CAUSE angioedema. So the answer would be any other than these classes

Dens in dente: Mostly in maxillary laterals

SLOB rule – Same lingual, Opposite buccal

Most difficult to floss where? Mesial aspect of max PM1

Dental clicking- increased VDO, also if porcelain teeth are used in

Function of rest. – provide vertical support for RPD and resist vertical forces for occlusion

Question on function of axial guidance – Axial guidance can be done using guiding planes in the surveyor used for single path of insertion

Horizontal axis of – rotation movement of mandible

As teeth ages, what increases? Hue / chroma – Hue unchanged, chroma increases and value

Patient wakes up in the morning with sore pain in muscles? Bruxism/Sinusitis

Difference between 245 and 330 – Length of them 245=3mm / 330=1.5mm – 245 is longer

Prostaglandin analogue? Lantanoprost, treatment for glaucoma

Aspirin and Yinseng? What happens if given together – no, bleeding induces

Filtration used in X-ray machines – Lead is used for “collimation”. Aluminium for “filtration”

27.  Thompton effect? It must be Compton effect which is increase in wavelength of x rays or gamma rays.

Flouride water level? 7-1.2ppm

Inner and outer line angles.

Angioedema – Acquired angioedema is a specific type of allergic reaction. a. Precipitated by drugs or food (shell sh, nuts). b. Mediated by mast cell release of c. Results in characteristic soft, diffuse swelling of lips, neck, or face. d.Hereditary angioedema is a rare form that is an autosomal dominant trait. Acquired angioedema is a rapidly developing allergic reaction that results in characteristic nonerythematous swelling of lips, face, and neck.

31.  Diphenhydramine- anti motion sicknes, Benedryl even given when pt is allergic to both amide and esters, Anti histamine , anti cholinergic , sedation

Difference between snuff dipper and nicotina stomatitis – nicotinic stomatitis lesion seen on palate due to Snuf dipper lesion seen on buccal side and it is mainly due to smokeless tobacco. Snuff— dysplastic , premalignant Nicotinic — non malignant

sitting with folded arms and legs shaking. What do you say to him? What brought you here

Most commom reason for pt. to have a negative attitude for dental treatment.a) Own dental experience b) Heard from peer/friends

Clinical test for Rheumatoid arthritis? Clinical test – watch toes and fingers – they become crooked — something like that — skeletal

Sjogrens syndrome is associated with? Lymphoma? True

 

Reasons for eruption – Ankylosis,primary eruption failure, impaction, down syndrome etc

Critical pH for demineralization of dentin? 5 (enamel 5.5- dentin 6.2)

Situtaions for temporary – incomplete root.,,deep caries approaching pulp

Reciprocal – Elastics to close diastema

Diabetes in children can lead to? Blindness

P. 160/140. Pulse 90. What do you do? Repeat after 15 mins/ call the physician immediately

What happens when you increase water in gypsum. – Decrease strength increase setting time, decrease expansion increase

44.  LAP t/t: Tetracycline 250mg thrice for 14 days —- severe cases— metronidazole and penicillin, Sc/Rp and antibiotics

Area of least attached gingival? Which tooth – Mand 1st pm

How to check clinically for the prognosis of PDL – Probing

with alcohol abuse? What to check in lab report before extraction? Blood alcohol level – INR

Pain on eating sweet- reversible pulpitis

Ossifying fibroma – Ossifying fibroma. 1. Common fibro-osseous lesion. Can be considered similar or identical to cementifying broma, although some may reach considerable size. Clinical features. Radiographically appears as either a well- circumscribed lucency or a lucency with opaque foci. Seen in adults and young adults, typically in the body of the mandible. A variant known as juvenile ossifying fibroma occurs in younger patients and may exhibit an aggressive course. Microscopically composed of fibroblastic stroma in which new bony islands or trabeculae are formed. 5. Treatment—curettage or excision; recurrences rare.

Pt receive blow to eye orbital floor less common t/f

In Facebow transfers relation of arches? – In centric

Epinephrine action on which receptor in epinephrine reversal? Epinephrine has effect on both alpha and beta…..but epinephrine reversal is due to beta receptor stimulation. – Epinephrine action on Beta receptor in presence of alpha blocker causes Epinephrine reversa

Initiator in heat cured resin – light cured = diketone photoinitiator (camphoroquinone), self-cure = benzoyl

Cause of brown discoloration of gingival margin of resin restoration – microleakage

Skewed distribution – Negative and . bimodal distribution

56.  Cimentidine function – Cimetidine is a drug that blocks the production of acid by acid-producing cells in the stomach.

Topical antibiotic in perio – doxicicline

Child with multiple caries – give GA

Least congenital missing tooth – Max canine

Gingseng contra with aspirin

Major connector function: rigidity nd stability

incisal position during record – Midline of incisal part of upper incisors

First pass metabolism – Enterohepatic circulation (ORAL DRUGS)

Other rq Polymerization shrinkage In composite depends upon? Adhesive bond Filler content Elastic modulus All – DD: Fillers are placed in dental composites to reduce shrinkage on

 

Pulpitis 5 days after class ll composite is due to – Increase occlusal contact

Microleakage Undercured composite

Which sound during wax try in – Sibilant – s and z

Least occurrence cyst – Lateral Periodontal Cyst

young female pt with vital tooth canine features with AOT

Ortho tipping before of veneering before? – before

Most imp feature of single implant – Antirotational

Drug bio- transformation – Excretion of .by passing through

White rough peduncalted lesion on palate? papilloma or fibroma

Primary and secondary stress bearing areas in maxilla – Primary – Residual alveolar ridge, Secondary – Rugae

Primary and secondary stress bearing areas in mandible – Primary Buccal shelf, Secondary – residual alveolar ridge

Best area for successful implant – ant mandible

Reason for image distortion

Reason for light radiograph – Low Kvp, Ma and exhausted developer and overfixing

78.  Pedicle graft – excellent esthetic, less chance of failure, good vascularization and single recision.

Epi of free gingival graft – Donor epith

Gingivectomy indication – Gingival hyperplasia.. abnormal growth.. pseudopockets present, SUPRABONY

Gingivectomy contraindication – Infrabony defect

Clotrimazole which form torche

Topical antifungal – Nystatin and clotrimazole

Dentist did wrong treatment and didnt tell pt … whats that term – violating Verasity

Disc movement first it moves 25 mm click is hear than 5 so what side it goes in 5 mm – Ant to normal

Tooth size and morphology in which stage of tooth development – Bells stage

Mandibular denture position in relation to tongue – Below

88.  Unbunding – dentist seperating treatment charges which actually can be counted as single procedure.

Lateral surface of tongue asymptomatic blue lesion in old pt since 5 yrs hemangioma or varicosities (because of age)

Lactating mother sedation drug – Promethazine

Fever in children drug of choice – Tylenol, acetaminophen

Nephrotoxicity by which drug – Aminoglycoside

Reduced insulin dose in what – IV sedation

Wheel chair transfer – Sliding

Desquamative gingivitis – in pemphigoid , pemphigus, and lichen planus also

Antibiotic and surgery is treatment for what lap or anug? Antibiotic-lap, Surgery- ANUG

Herpes peak age – 2-5 years

Difference between affected and infected dentin – infected always need to be removed.

Movement for recording buccal frenal area of mandible – Upward and outward

Opioid allergy – IRRITATION, Itching, flushing, hives and dec bp

Pain killer in renal disease – Oxycodone

Cocaine – mydraisis

 

BDZ antagonist – Flumazenil

Neurofibromatosis – Cafe au lauts spots, axillary freckling and lisch nodules

Direct retainer uses?

 

TANYA’s RQs (September 20, 2017)

Two questions about mandibular plane angle

Mandibular plane angle in class 3- steep or flat (cl3 flat cl2 steep)

A steep mandibular plane angle predisponate a person to — and a flat mandibular plane angle predisponate a person to —? long face, short face

Class 2 malocclusion A- increase mandibular plane angle B- decrease mandibular plane angle

Which of the following correlate with a steep mandibular plane? Select all that apply

Long ant facial vertical dimension 2.greater maxillary- mandibular plane angle

Ant open bite 4. All

Anterior incisal guide table

Reason for Incisive guide table?. Anterior guidance

Purpose of incisal guidance, mount .? adjust condylar guidance .. begin prep

Least strength of ceramic crowns – options – pressed leucite ceramic (strong porcelain is glass infiltrated )

Most important cause of ceramic crown fracture is due to – options were all lab procedures like firing, condensation – Inadequate framework/insufficient reduction of tooth, Yes low temperature in degassing, will affect the bond and more prone to fracture card 141 pros. Insufficient temperature or insufficient time

Floss and brushing dexterity

Patient has problem with manual dexterity what will he have problem with?

A) floss B) Brushing C) both – why not both?? because the pt can use an electric toothbrush

Perforation of root canal which is difficult 3mm apical to gingival sulcus (CORONAL THIRD), 3mm coronal to gingival sulcus, apical 3rd,middle 3rd?

Behavior studies by which author? Freud – Freud theory is that the unconscious mind governs behavior to a greater degree than people suspect. Indeed, the goal of psychoanalysis is to make the unconscious conscious

Few questions about anxiety

Pt try to hide fear and anxiety, what we look for to understand it: Micro expression

More difficult to handle: Fear – Anxiety

Elderly person physically abused whom should u report? Human Health services

Kid abuse whom should u report? Social service – In pt management of dental decks, it says it depends by the state – “Once abuse is suspected against a child, elderly, or disabled pt, it must be reported to the appropriate agency (of the state)

Border molding impression compound and one question was about its thermoplastic property.

What is the primary indicator of accuracy of a border molding on a custom  impression tray? stability, retention – Satbility and lack of displacement in card 1 pros , so i think both if in one option

Ability of impression compound to be adjusted due to which property? Thermoplastic

Polyether imp comp – sticks to teeth

 

Which of the following imp material will distorts the least when it store for 24 hrs before puring: silicon imp material, polyether imp material – pVS/ Silicon, its most dimensionaly

Cheek biting in complete denture caused by – Absence of buccal horizontal overlap

Null hypothesis – Null hypothesis tested in chi test – T

P value in null hypothesis above 5 means is: statistical insignificant case control study

– If the observed probability is less than or equal to .05 (5%), the null hypothesis is rejected (i.e., the observed outcome is judged to be incompatible with the notion of “no difference” or “no effect”), and the alternative hypothesis is adopted. In this case, the results are said to be “statistically significant.” If the observed probability is greater than 0.05 (5%), the decision is to accept the null hypothesis, and the results are called “not statistically significant” or simply NS—the notation o en used in tables.

Purpose of statistical tests in clinical trials is: A) to establish validity B) to find alpha value

C) to reject null hypothesis D) to test specificity of experiment

Randomised control trial

Which if the following has problem in recall bias:- a. Cohort study b. Cross sectional study Randomised control study d. Case control study

WHich case study used in rare(Odd) disease investigation?? Case cOntrOl

Apically positioned flap

The most predictable for treatment of perio disease?1. Scaling & root planing

The modified Widman flap 3. Free gingival flap 4. Apically positioned flap

Whats the problem if you wanna perform apically positioned flap surgery in th mand second and third molar? external obligue bridge

Curette angulation

If correct angulation is present when working with a universal curette then …? the lower shank is parallel to the tooth surface

Three q’s about perio maintanence therapy steps and prognosis was so confusing

Anug

Antibiotic for ANUG ? Pencillin V (DD)

ANUG mouth rinse? Chlorohexiden, Hydrogen peroxide (DD)

Anug is usually accompanied by metallic ..T or F

Squamous cellular carcinoma initial lesion picture

Pierre robin syndrome features

Patients with pierre-robin syndrome will have? mandibular retrogranthia – cleft palate, mandiblar retrognathia ,glossoptosis

Pierre Robin syndrome is associated with 1. Glossoptosis 2. Cleft palate 3. Respiratory problems all of the above 5. A and B

Which disease does not cause cancer: HIV, HPV, I don’t remember the other options

Allergy a lidocaine anesthetic

Which pair of anesthetics is most likely to cause cross allergy? 1. Lidocaine and mepivocaine = T

Chroma

With age what increase hue value chroma!! – Chroma increases, value dec and hue unchang

Hue

What should be selected first when picking a shade? hue (DD) – First pick HUE and VALUE is considered THE MOST IMPORT in shade selection.

 

Value

Erosion due to acidic foods and drinks is usually found on the cervical portion of the tooth – facial

Facial portions = 3 VER-TI-CAL, 5 HORIZONTAL

Free space

Free way space? 2 – 3 mm

Free way space when at physical rest T/F

Open bite or increased free way space = decreased bitting force T/F

Phonetics

When do you check phonetics for a CD? Wax try in, Tooth try in – DD#20 PROST

During try-in of CD, which phonetics is used: Labio-dental, Linguo-dental, Linguo- alveolar, B m p sounds

Radioresistant cells – NERVE, MUSCLE

Radiosensitive cells – Bone marrow lymphocytes, basal epithelial, small lymphocyte

Which are the most radiosensitive cells in the human body? Basal epithelial cell, Endothelial cell, Salivary gland acinar cell, Nerve cell, Erythrocyte

Radiographic errors

Most important characteristic for choosing major connector- Stability & rigidity

Histogram shows- Variance – It is an estimate of the probability distribution of a continuous variable (quantitative variable)

Hazard communication standard was prepared by- OSHA

Pedal edema, dyspnea, orthopnea are signs of- CHF

A dentist cannot do what to correct the small discrepancies- manipulate the cement- water ratio.

Dexterity comes by what age? 6-8, mean 7yrs

Dexterity comes by what age? 3-4 years B.1-2 years C.5-6 years D.7-8 years

Most common complication of N2O – bronchospasm was what I marked (nausea, vomiting and peripheral neuropathy was not in option)

Most complication of nitrous oxide: vomiting, behavioral problem, (nausea was not an option) – DD: the most common complication associated with nitrous oxide sedation is a behavioral problem (laughing, giddy). Most common adverse effect: nausea and Headache and disorientation can be avoided by administrating 100% oxygen after nitrous oxide has been discontinued.

Best bone for implant- d1, d2, d3, d4

Question on sensitivity, specificity, (definition)

A diagnostic test that correctly identifies 20% of screened patients as being dx free has low: Sensitivity, Specificity, Precision – sensitivity is defined as the percent of persons with the disease who are correctly classified as having the disease (those who have the disease). Specificity is defined as the percent of persons without the disease who are correctly classified as not having the disease (those who do not have the disease).

What does identify persons with the disease? Sensitivity, Specificity

What causes varices on the tongue? Age

Lady presents with blue swelling under tongue? I put ranula

Picture said: “erythematous, bleeding swelling” mandibular swelling right next to premolars on R side? I put pyogenic granuloma – T

Patient with diabetes which finding is not consistent? increase collagenase in crevicular fluid, increase glucose in crevicular fluid, increase gram negative in

 

crevicular fluid, decrease in thickness of basilar lamina of blood vessels in periodontium.

Most common reason for failure of dental amalgam? moisture contamination, improper prep design- not enough depth, improper titrutration, improper condensation – In card 7 operative said most coz failure is moisture, and improper preparation and not enough depth is reason o fracture, card 120 oprative

Crouzons

Pt has cranial dysostosis, midface deficiency, hypertelorism and beaten metal appearnce? Crouzons b. Treacher Collins

Automatic defibrillator

Automated defibrillator expander is used in: cardiac arrest, both kids and

Papoose Board

8 years old parent with negative behavior, you use for immobilize extremities: Papoose board

Most convergence in which primary tooth – mandibular 1st molar

Least antiplatelet NSAID – celecoxib

4 to 5 questions on implant you should know all implant distance – Distal between 2 implants 3 mm, From IAN 2 mm, From mental 5 mm, Tooth and implants 5

A lot about endodontics some were very basic questions

Plaque ph – so least than 5

Distolingual what is the best filling material – amalgam (DD)

Conical shape what caries?

The conical shape of pits and fissures caries shows: A. Two triangles pointing toward the pulp B. Two triangles pointing toward the occlusal surface Two triangles with their bases on the DEJ D. Two triangles with their apices on the DEJ

Transillumination

Which will show up on transillumination best? Craze line

Cracked tooth

Patient comes back few months after RCT & Crown with pain upon biting, what ..cracked tooth

Crack tooth syndrome is most likely found? Mandibular 1st molar

Neuropraxia: This type of injury is characterized by a segmental block of the conduction of the nerve action potential caused by structural damage to the myelin sheath. The axon and connective tissues including endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium are not

Neuropraxia: involves both perineurium and epineurium, only perineurium, only epineurium, none of the above

Neuropraxia reversible or irreversible? Reversible

Which salivary gland tumors is associated with neuropraxia (nerve damage): A.Mucoepidemoid carcinoma adenoid cystic carcinoma(ACC) C.Acinic cell carcinoma – adenoid cystic ca has tendency to invade surrounding nerve fibers– perineural invasion

Which of the following glucocorticoids is the strongest? Dexa, Corticoid, Hydrocortisone

Disinfectant for dental chair (min) cavicide?

Le fort 1 fracture à Maxillary sinus

 

Maxillary sinus fracture mostly with: Le fort I

Collimation does everything except –reduce pt exposure, reduce operator exposure, film fog, reduce average energy of x-rays

The Dentist completes exam and advises x-rays but the pt refuses. What should the dentist immediately do? When a patient refuses to have dental radiographs, the dentist must decide whether diagnosis and treatment can take place without the recommended No document can be signed by  the  patient  that releases the dentist from liability.

What is true of

Damage to the blood vessels as oppose to (nerve, muscles) predisposes a patient to develop true or false

Osteoradionecrosis can be differentiated from osteomyelitis as:

Osteoradionecrosis show periosteal reaction

b. Osteoradionecrosis does not show periosteal reaction

Cannot be differentiated on basis of periosteal reaction as both show it

Cannot be differentiated on basis of periosteal reaction, as both do not show

X-ray identification: – Median Palatal Suture, Zygomatic process of maxilla, Dorsal Surface of tongue, Odontoma – RL, RO, RL, RO

The severity of response increases with the amount of X-ray This effect is called. Deterministic, Stochastic, Genetic

Most common recurrent cyst : okc

xray for annuerysm cyst – CT or MRI

Secondary herpes site – Genitals is HSV 2 for HSV 1 its lips

Concentration of apf flouride gel – 23% – Since the early 1960s, acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) has become the most widely used fluoride compound for professional application. APF has a pH of about 3.0 and was developed after experimental work showed that the topical uptake of fluoride by enamel was greater in an acidic environment. The agent has been tested in several concentrations, the most common being 1.23% fluoride, usually as NaF, in orthophosphoric acid.

Orange stain is important to change chroma or hue? hue

Cleft palate prevalence: Palate 1:2000 – The incidence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate occurs in 1 in 700 – 1000 births (DD), together 1:700 (most prevalence)

Retained primary teeth is characteristic for both cleidocranial dysplasia and ectodermal dysplasia – T/F

Multiple supernumerary teeth are most commonly found in A. cherubism. B. cretinism. hypothyroidism. D. cleidocranial dysplasia

Cleidocranial dysplasia = supernumeraries

Hypothyroidism clinical signs – Cold to touch, thinning of hair, delayed eruption of permanent

Acromegaly clinical signs – Mand prognathism

What is called    when    u    do    not   take    patient    consent    ?? assault           , nonmaleffi, battery

Which bur is used for the crown cutting? 169

Which forceps is used for mandibular premolar extraction?? 151

Behcets syndrome is associated with ? aphthous ulcers

I got three ortho cases, one squamous cell carcinoma

Altered cast

Altered cast technique? Support

 

Gracey’s curette no. 13 and 14 used for? Distal surface – 1-4 ant, 5-6 ant and pm, 7-8 post, 11-12 post mesial, 13-14 post

After a gingivectomy how does the site heal? a. from the epithelium of the pockets b. epithelium of the adjacent alveolar mucosa endothelium of the blood vessels

primary intention

The gingivectomy approach to pocket elimination results in A. healing by  primary intention. B. adequate access to correct irregular osseous contours. retention of all or most of the attached gingiva. D. None of the above.

Epulis fissuratum pic

2 questions were on gingivectomy

Gingivectomy is used to remove suprabony perio abscess T/F

Gingivectomy is used to remove suprabony pocket T/F

have denture, after 5 years he complains of ulcer and inflammation in lower buccal vestibule. What is the diagnosis: 1/Hypertrophic frenum. 2/ Epulis fissuratum

Epulis fissuratum should not be removed before the fabrication of new denture T/F

What is the cause of epulis fissuratum unstable denture b. under extention c. over extention d. traumatic occlusion – DD: The cleft-like kesions of epulis fissuratum result primarily from overextension of denture flanges. The overextension may result from long-term neglected or settling subsequent to residual ridge resorption. Traumatic occlusion of natural teeth opposing an artificial denture may also cause this condition.

Denture stomatitis: localized or generalized chronic inflammation of the denture bearing mucosa. Clinically, there is redness and a burning sensation. There may be or may not be discomfort. Trauma and secondary fungal infection appear to be the most likely cause of denture stomatitis. Treatment: 1. Improved oral hygiene 2. Tissue rest 3. Antifungal therapy (nystatin) 4. Resilient conditioners 5. New, well-fitting dentures.

HOW TO DIFFERENTIATE ENDODONTIC AND PERIODONTAL ABSCESS:

 

 

DRY SOCKET:

Thought to develop because of increased  fibrinolytic  activity  causing  accelerated lysis of the blood clot. It is most common following extraction of the mandibular molars. Smoking, premature mouth rinsing, hot liquids, surgical trauma, and oral contraceptives all have been implicated in the development of a dry socket. Careful technique and minimal trauma reduce the frequency of patients developing dry socket. The patient develops severe, dull, throbbing pain 2 to 4 days after a tooth extraction. The pain is often excruciating, may radiate to the ear, and is not relieved by oral analgesics.

TREATMENT OF DRY SOCKET:

Flush out debris with slightly warmed saline solution – gently

Place a sedative dressing in socket (eugenol). The dressing should be removed within

48 hours and replaced until the patient becomes asymptomatic. (1. The gauze provides an attachment for the obtundent paste so it stays in the socket 2. Eugenol is the active component in most sedative dressings)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory analgesics should be prescribed if necessary / ANTIBIOTICS ARE GENERALLY NOT INDICATED.

 

Dry socket is the most common complication seen after the surgical removal of a MANDIBULAR  MOLAR.  Curetting  a  dry  socket  can  cause  the  condition  to  worsen because healing will be further delayed, any natural healing already taking place will be destroyed, and there is a risk of causing the localized inflammatory process to be spread  to  the  adjacent  sound  bone.  Can  occur  in  3%of  mandibular  third  molar extractions. Will heal with irrigation and local treatment for pain control.

FLUORIDE

[ SOME IMPORTANT FLUORIDE DOSAGE FACTS ]

Estimated Toxic Dose–> 5 to 10 mg/kg

Estimated Lethal Dose (Adults)–> 2.5 to 5.0 gm (F- alone) & 5 to 10 gm (for F- in NaF)

Estimated Lethal dose (kids)–> 500mg (for <3yrs) &

16mg/kg (for >3yrs)

Water fluoridation–> 0.7 ppm [ADA]

Water Fluoridation range–> 0.7 to 1.2 ppm [ADA]

Skeletal fluorosis starts at–> 3 ppm (chronic use of F-)

Dental fluorosis starts at–> 1ppm (chronic use of F-)

 

ANESTHETICS:

Too much anesthetic in the bloodstream can cause toxicities to the CNS and cardiovascular

Toxicity: The CNS effects include restlessness, stimulation, tremors, convulsive seizures followed by CNS depression, slowed respiration even coma. The cardiovascular effects include bradycardia and reduction of cardiac

Ester local anesthetic allergic manifestations include nasolabial swelling, itching, and oral mucosal

LA have NO effect on potassium at the nerve axon

 

LIDOCAINE TOXICITY AMALGAM

Primary retention form—retention form preparation features lock or retain the restorative material in the tooth: 1) Mechanical locking of the inserted amalgam into

surface irregularities of the preparation (even though the desired texture of the preparation walls is smooth) to allow good adaptation of the amalgam to the tooth.

(2)  Preparation of vertical walls (especially facial and lingual walls) that converge occlusally. (3) Special retention features, such as locks, grooves, coves, slots, pins, steps, or amalgam pins, that are placed during the final stage of tooth preparation.

 

Primary resistance form—resistance form preparation features help the restoration and tooth resist fracturing as a result of occlusal (1) Resistance features that assist in preventing the tooth from fracturing. (a) Maintaining as much unprepared tooth structure as possible (preserving cusps and marginal ridges). (b) Having pulpal and gingival walls prepared perpendicular to occlusal forces, when possible. (c) Having rounded internal preparation angles. (d) Removing unsupported or weakened tooth structure. (e) Placing pins into the tooth as part of the final stage of tooth preparation (note: this strategy is considered a secondary resistance form feature). (2) Resistance form features that assist in preventing the amalgam from fracturing. (a) Adequate thickness of amalgam (1.5 to 2 mm in areas of occlusal contact and 0.75 mm in axial areas). (b) Marginal amalgam of 90 degrees or greater. (c) Boxlike preparation form, which provides uniform amalgam thickness. (d) Rounded axiopulpal line angles in class II tooth preparations.

 

MERCURY TOXICITY

Excessive saliva is a prominent toxic effect of mercury. The presence of mercury in the body is determined by a urine test. Treatment may include gastric lavage with milk and egg white or sodium bicarbonate, chelation with British anti-lewisite (BAL), and fluid therapy. Note: British Anti-Lewisite (BAL) or Dimercaprol and penicillamine are two drugs currently marketed for promoting the excretion of mercury, lead, and several other agents. Mercury that is absorbed into the circulatory system may be deposited in  any  tissue.  Higher-than  average  accumulations  occur  in  the  BRAIN,  LIVER  and KIDNEY. Mercury does not collect irreversibly in human tissues. There is an average half-life of 55 days for transport through the body to the point of excretion. Thu mercury that came into the body years ago is no longer present in the body.

SEQUENCE OF TEETH EXTRACTION

Maxilla before mandible Distal before mesial

Start with third molar, second molar, second premolar, first premolar, lateral, central. Finally, you extract the first molar then the canine as last teeth to be extracted.

The two teeth that are the most difficult to remove, the first molar and canine, should be extracted last. Removal of the teeth on either side weakens the bony socket on the mesial and distal side of these teeth, and their subsequent extraction is made more straightforward.

Sham Sham’s RQs

 

Distance between implants? 3mm

Hemophilia test – PTT

Mouthwash in children: NaF, Chlorhex (sodium fluoride used when there are caries)

Mouthwash given to a comprimsed child – Listerine, Chlorhex (there is over the counter listerene for kids without alcohol – both NaF, if for disability NaF not there then listerine)

Benzodiazepine moa – potentiate GABA, not inhibit. Potentiate the action of GABA – Mosby: enhance the effect of y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at GABA_A receptors on chloride channels; this increases chloride channel conductance in the brain (GABA_Areceptors are ion channel receptors). Benzodiazepines produce their calming effects by DEPRESSING THE LIMBIC SYSTEM & RETICULAR FORMATION through potentiation of the central inhibitor neurotransmitter (neurons) gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA). Tolerance and physical dependence can occur  with  prolonged  high  dosage,  but they are much safer than

6)     Abfraction – Mosby: Abfraction is tooth loss in the cervical area caused by biomechanical loading. Occlusal loading resulting in tooth flexure, mechanical microfractures, and tooth substance loss in the cervical area; may appear similar to erosion.

Erosion – Mosby: Erosion (sometimes called corrosion)—usually in the cervical area of facial surface of tooth; may be caused by acid beverages or citrus Erosion is wear secondary to chemical presence.

Bucolingual space needed for 4mm implant- 8mm? 7mm was not given – 2mm on bucal and 2 mm on So, for a 4 mm diameter implant, I need 4.0+1.9 + 1.9 = 7.8 mm. – Carranza: Assuming an implant is 4 mm in diameter and 10 mm long, the

 

minimal width of the jawbone needs to be 6 to 7 mm, and the minimal height should be 10 mm (minimum of 12 mm in the posterior mandible, where an additional margin of safety is required over the mandibular nerve). This dimension is desired to maintain at least 1.0 to 1.5 mm of bone around all surfaces of the implant after preparation and placement. (BL 6mm – MD 7 mm)

Alplrazolam: BDZ, sedative/antianxiety, medium duration of action benzodiazepine, it Inc the frequency of opening of chloride channel in GABA receptors in the It Inc the effect of Gaba at Gaba 1.

Biphosphonate, there is difference between osteoradiorecrosis (with radiation therapy) and osteonecrosis with bisphosphonate. Bronj (bispohophonate related osteonecrosis of jaw)

Hip joint- premedicate or not – No need Dentin

14 mm crowding- ortho and surgery, ortho only, surgery only – Ext and ortho should b enough

Warfarin- wat test – INR

Patient smokes, is implant contraindicated? No

5 year old child not cooperative, wat to do? conscious sedation? voice control? General anesthesia?

Most common problem in clinic? Syncope

Mech of of fluoride – Replacing of HA with hydroxy fluoroaptite

Precations for hep patient? Standard precaution, no other precaution necessary

How to treat a patient. give an order ex: perio, endo, operative? ortho last – endo perio operative ortho

OP PIC-  osteosarcoma  or  ossifying  fibroma?  Ossifying  fibroma:  radiographically appears as either a well-circumscribed lucency or a lucency with opaque foci. Osteosarcoma sunburst/ossifying fibroma wellcircumscribed rl/ro

Currete used for mesial surface of tooth – 11-12

 

Forcep not used for extraction of root – not 23 is cow horn.

Commonly contraindication for surgery recently? Bisphosphonates

Primary molar differs from permanent in cervical constriction – T

Most common organism in implant failure; same as regular dentition

Dislodged clot; sedative dressing

27)Treatment of ANUG: Debridement, H2O2/ chlorhexidine rinses, antibiotics if systemic symptoms (fever, lymphadenopathy). If it is systemic Metronidazole, amoxicillin.

How to treat a patient with implant supoorted dentures: fluouride – yes Fl for abutment in overdenture, need options to decide the Not for implant.

29)Epinephrine mech of action – epi stimulates both alpha 1,2 and beta 1,2 receptors. Epinephrine is used to treat anaphylactic shock. It stimulates alpha 1-adrenergic and 2-adrenergic, beta 1- adrenergic and 2-adrenergic receptors. B2 receptor stimulation aids in relieving bronchospasms.

Battle sign – Battle’s sign, also mastoid ecchymosis, is an indication of fracture of middle cranial fossa of the skull, and may suggest underlying brain Battle’s sign consists of bruising over the mastoid process, as a result of extravasation of blood along the path of the posterior auricular artery.

 

Pejrre robin sy drome – Retrognathia, glossoptosis, cleft Google: Pierre Robin sequence is a set of abnormalities affecting the head and face, consisting of a small lower jaw (micrognathia), a tongue that is placed further back than normal (glossoptosis), and blockage (obstruction) of the airways. The three main features are cleft palate, retrognathia (abnormal positioning of the jaw or mandible) and glossoptosis (airway obstruction caused by backwards displacement of the tongue base).

Gingivectomy icsion – external Its excision starts from apical of pocket (JE), but coronal to mucogingival junction, secondary healing.

Cauliflower shaped lesion – Verrucous carcinoma, condyloma accuminata, papilloma.

 

Asymptomatic periodontitis, long- standing, asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic lesion. It is usually accompanied by radiographically visible apical bone resorption. Bacteria and their endotoxins cascading out into the apical region from a necrotic pulp cause extensive demineralization of cancellous and cortical bone. Occasionally, there may be slight tenderness to percussion or palpation testing. The diagnosis of asymptomatic apical periodontitis is confirmed by the following: (1) General absence of symptoms. (2) Radiographic presence of radiolucency. (3) Confirmation of pulpal necrosis. A totally necrotic pulp provides a safe harbor for the primarily anaerobic microorganisms—if there is no vascularity, there are no defense cells. Asymptomatic apical periodontitis traditionally has been classified histologically as apical granuloma or apical cyst. The only accurate way to distinguish them is by histopathologic

Primary- cold or percusiion or ept

Permanent – ? thermal or ept – tricky question, EPT for perio and thermal for endo

Which perio conditions we need antibiotics – Localized Agressive periodontitis (ANUG only if systemic involvement).

Ranitidine – H2 antagonist, used to treat GERD

39)Methotrexate- Antimetabolite antineoplastic agent, anticancer drug with folic acid.

Diazepam – BDZ, sedative, anxyolitic, long duration of

Which ka most common epilelsy in children – Petit mal

Status epileptic medication – Diazepam

Maxillary sinus which view – Waters

Buccal frenum – Triangularis or buccinators

45)Pontics – Most aesthetic is Ovate most common is modified ridge

Succedaneous tooth – All permanent except 1st, 2nd and 3rd molar

Most common emergency in dental – Syncope

Pregnant women which nerves get suppressed – ?

Apexogenesis does what? maintenance of pulp vitality to allow continued development of the entire root. Apical closure occurs approximately 3 years after eruption. The key is to allow the body to make a stronger root. This procedure relates to teeth with retained viable pulp tissue in which the pulp tissue is protected, treated, or encouraged to permit the process of normal root lengthening, root wall thickening, and apical closure. Nonsurgical endodontic therapy can be performed more safely and  effectively  to  treat  the  pulpal  disease.  Indications:  (1)  Immature  tooth  with incomplete root formation and with damaged coronal pulp and healthy radicular pulp.  Contraindications:  (1)  Avulsed  teeth. (2)  Unrestorable  teeth. (3)  Teeth  with severe horizontal fracture. (4) Necrotic teeth. Prognosis—good when pulp capping or shallow pulpotomy is done correctly; conventional pulpotomy is not as successful. Success rate depends on the following: (1) Extent of pulpal damage. (2) Restorability of the tooth

Apexification:  not  vital  pulp  therapy  because  the  tooth  is  pulpless. 2.  Definition— method to stimulate the formation of calcified tissue at the open apex of pulpless teeth. 3.   Indication—infected    teeth    with    open    apices   in    which    standard instrumentation techniques cannot create an apical stop to facilitate effective obturation of the canal. Technique—disinfection of canal followed by induction or placement of an acceptable apical barrier. a. Calcium hydroxide  and  MTA  have  been used to create an apical barrier. (1) Calcium hydroxide may be used to induce apical hard tissue A thick paste of calcium hydroxide must be placed in

 

the canal and replaced every 3 months until a hard tissue barrier forms, against which gutta-percha may be placed to fill the canal. This traditional technique may require 1 year for hard tissue formation. MTA can be packed into the apical 3 mm of the canal, and the remainder of the canal can be filled with gutta-percha at the same appointment. MTA has established biologic outcomes in terms of healing and root- end closure at least comparable to teeth treated  with  calcium  hydroxide. Advantages of MTA compared with  calcium  hydroxide—treatment  can  be  completed in less time, improved patient compliance, reduced cost of clinical time.

RQs

 

Q1- What will not set off an event in a child with sickle disease Trauma Cold Infection Nitrous oxide

 

Q2-What not to do in veneer:

try in paste for shade

apply silane to inner surface apply bonding agent

etch enamel with hydroflouric acid

 

Q3-What is the purpose of making a record of protrusive relation and what function does it serve after it is made

To register the condylar path and to adjust the inclination of the incisal

To aid in determining the freeway space and to adjust the inclination of the incisal guidance.

C.   To register the condylar path and to adjust the condylar guides of the articulator so that they are equivalent to the condylar paths of the patient.

To aid in establishing the occlusal vertical dimension and to adjust the condylar guides of the articulator so that they are equivalent to the condylar paths of the

 

Q4-9 year old child with POOR oral hygiene needs ortho treatment, what do we do? A- no treatment B- removable appliances C- fix appliances D- semi fix appliances

 

Q5-You will let the patient to sign the informed consent when?

a)  after you discuss the treatment plan

directly after the diagnosis

after done with extraction procedure

 

Q6-Patient evaluated after perio therapy wht would u check Attachment loss Pocket depth Bleeding on probing Oral hygiene

If q asking what the dentist will check on pt mouth to evalute success of treatment will be C, bleeding in probing: The best criterion to evaluate the success of scaling and root planning is NO EVIDENCE OF BLEEDING ON PROBING. Bleeding on probing indicates inflammation in the tissue. The amount of inflammation present is used to determine the effectiveness of periodontal instrumentation and home care by the patient.

If q asking the rate of success depend on what ? So D, Patient oral hygiene – the best indicator of success of a periodontal flap procedure is postoperative maintenance and plaque control by the patient.

 

 

Q7-Researcher has set alpha at 0.05. Results showed p value 0.01 and researcher rejected null hypothesis. What kind of error is it? – They had set the value at 0.05 and result came out 0.01which is less than the set value so it’s a null hypothesis and since they rejected it which means there was incorrect rejection which is type 1 error

 

Q8- Proscar (finestride) is used to treat? Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Q9-Motion sickness medication – Scopolamine

Q10-3 year old 5mm intruded – Observe, just 3 yrs not at all any damage to permanent.

Q11- Most common respiratory emergency – Hyperventilation

Q12-Upper first PM forceps – For maxillary premolars can be 150, 65, 286. For mandibular premolars 151

From 13-47 from other RQ

Q48-Balanced occlusion use for what? Complete Denture

Q49- Incisal guide table? There was no removing or lifting pin in the option – Incisal guide table: construction of a custom that preserved anterior guidance, from Mosby. Anterior guidance must be preserved by means of construction of a custom incisal guide table, especially when restorative procedures change the surfaces of anterior teeth that guide the mandible in excursive (lateral, protrusive) movements, from Mosby.

Q50- Anterior guidance purpose? Protects posterior teeth in lateral function

Q51-Longitudinal studies what factors are least important?

Q52-Pka depends upon? Ionized and non ionized ions, Onset of action. Low pka— more free ionized—faster onset

Q53- Whats the purpose of posterior disocclusion? its christensen phenomena, to avoid non working interfrence which is destructive

Q54- Finish margin of pfm? Pfm – chamfer/ shoulder

Q56-Renal failure which pain killer? Tylenol, Oxycodone for hepatic.

Q57-Wat are the reason for the crossbite? Retained primary tooth, construction of Max

Q58- Lesions most commonly seen in jaw? PA lesions?

Q59- Pyogenic granuloma by which bacteria? Pyogenic granulomas (PGs) are benign vascular lesions that occur most commonly on the acral skin of children. The term pyogenic granuloma is a misnomer. Originally, these lesions were thought to be caused by bacterial infection; however, the etiology has not been determined.

Q60- Prevelance and incidence question? simple one – Prevalance: total number of cases

incidence: New number of cases

Q61-Palatal tori question? horshoe was there in the option, Yes horseshoe/ U shaped major connector used for RPD

Q62-10%  calcium  hydroxide  varnish  best  use  where?  Amalgam                                                                                                 restoration,                                                                                                  zinc phosphate, in the walls of preparation cavity, not cavosurface areas

Q63-Conjugation does wat? covalent bonding with glucuronic acid to make water- soluble for excretion

Q64-Trisomy 21? Down Syndrome

 

Q67-Sibilant sound when to check? DD: phonetics are tried in at the time of the “wax try- in of the trial denture” – wax trial with teeth set

Q68-Osteomylitis which bacteria? Staph.areus

Q69-Facebow record? Maxilla&hinge axis – it transfers the relationship of maxillary arch and temporomandibular joint to the casts. It records the upper model’s (maxilla) relationship to the External Acoustic Meatus, in the hinge axis.

Q70-Lingual bar? Shaped like a half-pear tapered toward the tissue in the superior border and has its greater bulk at the inferior border. For a lingual bar, the depth of the vestibule should exceed 7 to 8 mm. This is the simplest and most commonly used major connector. – Mosby

Major conector of RPD, indicated for lingual vestibule of 7mm minimum

Q71-CD wat type of occlusion? Balanced

Q72-what will have wavelength ? Hue

Q73- Neutometesis – Severe nerve damage, neuromatosis- cause tumors on nerve, also called neurofibromatosis, both the nerve and the nerve sheath are disrupted

Q74-median? Placing the number in value order and find the middle, or example: 1,1,1,2,2,4,6. the median is 2. nothing to do with average

Q75- Palatal expansion does not need a labial bow why? Cause it has no effect on palate, not for expansion.

Q77- Albuterol side effect? Xerostomia

Q79- fluxetine action? Ssri – Prozac (fluoxetine) is an antidepressant belonging to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class of drugs. Prozac is mainly used for the treatment of major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and panic disorder

Q81-best imaging for condyle: Reverse towne

 

Metalloceramic crown which type of bevel

Chamfer 1mm (lingual?) Chamfer 1.5mm Shoulder 1mm

Shoulder 1.5mm (labial)

Metal ceramic restorations PFMs – A chamfer finish line and all margins should be placed supragingivally when possible. The necessary thickness of metal substructure is 0.5mm. The minimal porcelain thickness is 1- 1.5mm. Thus, the tooth reduction required for a PFM crown is -1.5-2.0mm. The labial shoulder width is ideally 1.5mm. The tooth preparation reduction for metal-ceramic restorations (1.5 to 2.0 mm) must provide space for metal (0.5 mm) and porcelain (1.0 to 1.5 mm).

 

2. Benadryl do what: Antitissive,h1 blocker,anesthetic, cause Xerostomia (anticholinergic, antihistamine, sedative).

Electrosurgery .hemorrhagie and excess tissue, Side effect — ging recession.

Where go item when swallowed by accident – Right bronchus

Demineralization of enamel A. ph of plague less 6.4 B.Dentin ph 6.4 C.Start at subsurface go like enamel rods

Junctional epithelium attached by Fibers Or hemidesmosom

Pinkham pre-cooperational child is – Lacking cooperative ability (the “pre-cooperative” patient) a. Very young children with whom communication cannot be established nor comprehension expectedb. Children with specific debilitating or handicapping conditions

 

Main reason of Osteoporosis US nutrition B.genes C.environment 10.Sedation is for- Anxious

11.Which is least has lichenoid eruption

1.erythem 2.amalgam tatto3.drug rn

Amalgam produced lichenoid reaction. So answer is A

Water contamination with amalgam cause: Delayed expansion

AORS is mean??? Adjusted Odd Ratios

14. Reciprocal anchorage done by… Reciprocal – Type of anchorage when two units of teeth move towards each other with equal distance. For example in Diastema by using elastic bands.

Oxycodone hypotension and itching by – Itchin by Histamine

Oxycontin (oxycodone hydrochloride) is an opioid drug used for the management of moderate to severe pain, usually for an extended time period. Oxycontin is not an “as needed for pain (PRN) drug.

Porcelain bevel types: Shoulder and chamfer, Chamfer and beveled shoulder, Chamfer nad chamfer

Unlike the PFM restoration which accepts any marginal design (bevel,  chamfer,  shoulder), marginal tooth preparation for the ALL-ceramic crown or porcelain jacket crown MUST BE A SHOULDER.

Tx initial for large subgingival caries – Glass ionomer filling

Intial tx for local aggresive perio – Tetracycline

19 Which one is. Acidogenic bacteria – Strep mutants acidigenic , & aciduric

Most common odontogenic tumor

Ameloblastoma Amelob fibroma Odontoma Adenomagoid tumor

(ameloblastoma is most common epithelial odontogenic tumor)

Incisial and coronal parts to be matched in porcelain metal crowns done by: Internal coloring of porcelain

External glazing

Polishing and grinding to change light reflection Firing under high temp

Uncarious short premolar for retainer under fpd

Crown Inlay Onlay ¾

Ian lingually located,tube of xray moved inferiorly and beam sup, location of nerve: Mesial Distally Apically Occlusialy

Attachemen loss in furcation primary etiology – Oral biofilm

Taurodontism in which stage – Morpho -shape Which one centrally acting muscle relaxant Dandtrolene, Diazepam

Stimulated salivary flow – 1ml per min

Has only md beat shape of occlusion…

Balanced in centric Balanced in working Group function Canine function

Intial for caries: Bacteri carbohy susceptible toot, Bacteria polysaccharide enamel MOST COMMON epithelial odontogenic tumor in children –  mucoepidermoid 31.Antabuse                   –               Aldehide      dehydrogen,    antabuse    inhibits         the                 enzyme      Aldeyhyde

dehydrogenase, this is used to treat alchoholism. Its actually called acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

32.Beclometasone for asthma

Short acting – its short acting, used only during attacks

 

Less potent than cortisole 33.Fiber post – Elsatic as dentin

Pt try to hide fear and anxiety, what we look for to inderstand it – Micro expression

Wheel chair people what is true:

Sliding transport the best Ask pt to remove catheters Ask pt do not buckle up

Wheel chair transfer is mot appropriate 36.IG mechanism of action

37.Maslow theory – Theory of human motivation

 

how do you treat traumatic bone cyst

leave it alone excise c. give meds

Treatment: consists of opening the lesion, curettage, and closure. It may contain blood, serosanguineous fluid, debris composed mainly of a blood clot, or may be completely devoid of solid material.

Which cyst is associate with anterior cyst w/ crown – dentigerous cyst (follicular cyst) or eruption cyst

Common cyst is lower anterior teeth and teeth is vital – periapical cemento dysplasia

Know different between amelogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfect

AI: ectodermal – DI: mesenchymal

Which of the following represents the basic constituent of the most root canal sealer

zinc oxide zinc stearate c. polyvinyl resin d. polycarboxylate e. zinc oxyphosphate

Aging of the pulp is evidenced by an increase in

vascularly cellular elements c. fibrous elements d. pulp stones

In the normal dental pulp, which of the following histologic features is least likely to appear

cell-free zone of weil b. palisade odontoblastic layer c. lymphocytes and plasma cells

undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

the most commonly found salivary gland tumor is

adenocystic carcinoma b. pleomorphic adenoma c. muco epidermoid carcinoma 9 the action f the Hawley appliance is mainly

intrusion b. tipping c. bodily movement

a light force applied to the periodontal ligament during orthodontic treatment is considered

intermittent b. direct c. continuous d. indirect

For tooth movement, the force need not be continuous, but it is critical that the force be applied for a minimally acceptable period of time to elicit the biologic response necessary. The amount of force (heavy or light) determines the biologic pathway of tooth movement and the formation or lack of formation of a hyalinized zone with under- mining resorption.

the fluoride concentration in most dentifrices range from 1-5 ppm b. 900-1500ppm c. 450-700ppm d. 4000-6000ppm

in a full upper denture the post palatal seal is determined by

the technician b. the depth of the vibration line c. 2-3mm 13 how is scrap amalgam is stored – under sulfide

the leas likely situation for a carcinoma to occur in the oral cavity is

floor of the mouth b. alveolar ridge c. lateral border of the tongue

 

histologically, the loss of the rete peg often is a sign of

pemphigus b. lichen planus c. pemphigoid d. syphills

which of the following represents the predominate type cell type in crevicular epithelium

mast cell b. PMN c. macrophage d. lymphocyte e. plasma cell 17 which of the organisms are involved with periodontal disease

P. gingivilits b. E. species c. C. rectus d. Bacteroid e. all of the abov

Each of the following has been associated with gastric limitation, except

acetaminophen b. alcohol c. ibuprofen d. indomethacin

The most common reason for fracture of an amalgam in class 2 pedo molar toth

insufficient deth b. saliva contamination during condensation d. line angle too sharp (sharp axis-pulpal line angle)

the best reason for RPD over fixed partial denture

hygiene b. cooperation c. esthetic

where is the gold directed on an MO onlay spruce

a, faces pulpal axial line angle b. occlusal floor c. pulpal floor d. gingival floor

You never have it at a 90 degree angle, if you direct to the pulpal, gingival or occlusal it would be a 90 degree which will create a hot spot. So it needs to be attached at an angle to allow flow of gold.

Which injection post the greatest risk for a hematoma – PSA

For anterior crown the finish line should be

a-at cervical edge b-below cervical edge c-between cej and epithelium lining

d-between crest and attached gingiva

Behaviour modifiaction definition – a type of psychotherapy that attempts to modify observable, maladjusted behavior patterns by substituting a new response or set of responses to a given stimulus. Psychologists have developed many techniques to modify patient behavior by using the principles of learning theory. Examples of techniques/methods used mainly in pediatric dentistry. – A procedure that slowly develops behavior by reinforcing successive approximations to a desired

Reciprocal anchorage? Elastic bands to close diastema

3mm crowding in 8 yr child , what is the treatment plan?

a-extraction of canines and observe b-exraction of primary canine and give lingual arch c-give lingual arch wire

Sequestra seen in – osteomyelitis

Morpphine over dose causes all except?

a-somnolence b-constipation c- pinpoint pupils

Gingival retraction cord disadvantages?

antiviral given oral also cure mucous and systemic disaesa? Cotrimazole, fluconazole

Side effects of oral sedation

Nitroglycerine side effects

Necrotisizing sialometaplasia – Found on hard palate caused by ischemia to minor salivary gland

15 year old has fever, malaise, vesicles,l ymphadenopathy? a- cat scartch disease b-acute herpetic gingivostomatis

Which bacteria causes elastenase, collagenase? a- strep b- staph c-gingivalis

(Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the answer, but i don’t have that in my choices)

Automated defibrilator, how does it work?

 

a- monophase function b-2 shocks

c-contraindicated below 12 year old

d- discharge when needed

W hich antibiotic work on gingiva? a- erythromycin estolate,

b-erythromycin stearate

c- azithromycin

For which factor is least likely to refer endo case Dilacerations

Calcification

Inability to obtain anaesthesia

Mesial inclination of molar

To prevent dimeraliztion of enamel from orthodontic treatment, which method is expensive?

a-flouride varnish every 6 months

b- 6 months prophylais

c-prescribed mouth wash

d- community fluoride water

patient has brown spot on lower left and with the explorer it is retentive? a- floweble resin

b- amalgam c- composite

d-pit and fissure sealant

Patient is having white flakes on her soft palate , gone when rubbed. using albuterol inhaler regularly since 1 week due to soccer game, what is your diagnosis? albuterol->dry mouth->alter pH-> oportunistic candid-> candidiasis

bis-phosphate used in all except?

A) Prostate cancer to bone

breast cancer to bone

c) osteomyelitis (ans)

D) metastatic

Which one is schedule 2? 1- Vicodin (3)

2- hydrocodon + Acet (3) hydrocodone containing products are being considered to be reclassified as Schedule II drugs

Which impression has water as by product? Polyether

Hyrdrocoilled Silicon addation Condseation sillion

ANS: should be polysulfide – Polyether, by product alcohol – Addition silicon no by product.

Pain on half of the face, that comes once a month and its?

Periodontal problems mostly assoicted with Hypertension Smoking, Deibetes plaque

freacture on the orbit of the left eyes which border of the maxillary sinus will it effect?

Superior

 

Inferior Postier Anterior

What was Chess and Thomas categories of Childern Temprture?I (Activity , rhythmicity, distraction, approach)

Stages of AIDS and no. of Leukocyte count.

Treacher Collin Syndrome – cleft palate, shortened soft palate, malocclusion, anterior open bite, enamel hypoplasia

Optimum treatment for palatal papillary hyperplasia?

Radical dissection

b) Electrosurgery

Difference between snuff dipper and nicotina stomatitis – Snuff is by smokeless tobacco and present in the buccal mucosa, nicotina stomatitis is present on palate therefore called smokers palate

Aspirin and Yinseng? What happens if given together – Bleeding

Prostaglandin analogue? Misoprostol

Clinical test for Rheumatoid arthritis

Sjogrens syndrome is associated with? Lymphoma? T – Sjögren’s moderately increases risk for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Area of least attached gingival? Which tooth – Mand premolar

Brown tumors associated with which disease – Hyperparathyrodism, giant cell tumor of the bone. Brown tumors may be rarely associated with ectopic parathyroid adenomas[4] or end stage renal

Internal component of implant

Rubber dam retainer which property- options were 1 modulus of elasticity, 2 elastic deformation, 3 permanent deformation

Traumatic cyst treatment? a.Aspirational b.Marsupialization Curettage (dd)

d.no treatment

A 14 year old patient presents to your office for multiple extractions. Patient’s mother informs you that her son took 325 mg aspirin the night before for a headache. Which of the following holds true regarding performing multiple extractions  on  the  patient? Do the extractions b. Wait 2-5 days c. Wait 7-10 days d. Wait 12-14 days

Use of a gold casting instead of dental amalgam should be considered in the restoration of an MOD carious lesion on a maxillary second molar when

greater sealing of the cavity is

B. the preparation is wider than a third of the intercuspal distance.

esthetics is the primary concern of the

All of the above

Primary risk factor for periodontitis

Tobacco (dd)

Diabetes

Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors currently available to predict the development and progression of periodontitis.

How do you diagnose periodontitis ? Bitwings

 

PA (dd)

Pano

Yes PA to diagnose periodontitis it is the standard for PDL disease…. for bone loss DD mentioned Bitewings is the best

1) If a tooth is not a candidate for full coverage crown , onlay is the best

2) Conservative onlays have superior retention compared to full crowns .

A-  both are true   B- 1 true n 2 false C- 1 false n 2 true D- both false – if tooth not candidate to full coverge crown , so its not indicated to onlay ( dd)

Minimum ferrule effect = 5mm

Lower denture is loose whats wrong with it? (over extended, under extended????

Overextended

The denture base completely covers what muscle

Medial pterygoid

Lateral pterygoid

Masseter

d. Buccinator

Which of the following are false regarding meperidine

Select all that apply – A. most abused drug by health professionals B- most widely used narcotic in American hospitals C- less potent than morphine and produces slight euphoria with miosis D- promethazine is contraindicated in pts taking meperidine. E – used for obstetric anesthesia

All true mentioned in ddsurgery except , c and d is false ( no miosis, used with promethazine)

 

Preet Kanwal’s RQ + Mary Esma’s Post

 

Drug interaction of Aspirin with atenolol – long term NSAID use (longer than 1 week) decreses effect of atenolol – Mosby: NSAIDs can inhibit the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors, B blockers, and

External incision bevel: Gingevectomy

Amitriptyline: TCA (tricyclic antidepressant so tx for depression)

Aminophilline: bronchodilator so tx asthma

Atenolol: Cardio selective Beta 1 blocker

Question regarding tilted molar type of denture:

Ortho case regarding identification of class 1 class 2 class 3

Side effects of antibiotics: Fungal infection

Lichen planus, smokers palate

Erythroplakia, leukoplakia – precancerous condition

11.  CI of nitrous oxide: COPD (Safe for asthma), nasal congestion, upper respiratory tract infection, intestinal obstruction, deformity of nasal structure and drug dependency.

Pregnancy    is   NOT   absolute    contraindication.    Mental    retardation   is                  also        a contraindication. Sickle cell is not a CI.

Bevels in composite: Increase surface  area,  Increase  retention,  Aesthetic.  Is  called esthetic bevel, it reduce microleakage, improve esthetic, increase bond strength (dd) bevel angle is 45-60 (in dpm)

Bevels in amalgam: bevels for composite cavosurface — amalgam only for gingival and axiopulpal bevel only in permanent not primary

200 patient last year 300 this year incidence 100 ÷ 1000 = 1 = 10%

Common lymphoma of jaw – Burkitt in jaws

Greatest reccurrence of cancer of oral cavity? Squamous cell carcinoma

17.  Heparin – PTT – HEparin PTT….HEmophilia A PTT. learn this 2 together(HePTT)

Coumarin – PT/INR

Distance between Implant and tooth – 1.5mm

Palatalgingival groove is seen in which teeth – Max lateral

Bacteria found on acute pulpitis – anaerobic

Synostosis- late closure of sutures, no closure at all,? Early – Synostosis (plural: synostoses) is fusion of two It can be normal in puberty, fusion of the epiphysis, or abnormal. When synostosis is abnormal it is a type of dysostosis. Synostosis within joints can cause ankylosis. (Eg. Craniosynostosis – prematurely fuses).

23.  Alot of questions about rapport – mutual sense of trust and openness between indiviuals that, if neglected, compromises communication. Rapport is reciprocal, patients are more likely to respect a clinician’s beliefs and opinions if he or she is willing to truly listen to and respect theirs.

Trigeminal neuralgia not common in age before 30? T/F – over 50 years of age

TN = Prototypic neuropathic fascial pain: Typically there is a trigger point and the pain presents as electrical, sharp, shooting, and episodic (seconds to minutes in duration). Most commonly seen in patients over 50 years of age. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) is still the mainstay of treatment.

Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by all except – dull constant pain

Trismus which space is involved – trismus is main sign of masticatory space infection (masseteric space, pterygomandibular space, temporal space) – DD

 

Aspirin overdose which symptom didnt belong: pyretic (fever) was answer. bcaz aspirin is Present: bleeding from gi, Tinnitus, Nausea and vomiting, Acid base disturbance or metabolic acidosis, Decrease tubular reabsorption of uric acid, Salicylism, Delirium, Hyperventilation

Turners tooth local trauma or infection

74 yr old patient needs a check up but first you gotta talk with his doctor bcause of his medical chart which organization is in charge of that? Some options… Osha,  medicaid services, health insurance portability accountability act (hippa)

30.  Modeling? make child observe her siblings or other px

Newborn whith 2 white lesions located in median palatal raphe: congenital epulis, something of the newborn? Epstein pearl present in median palatal Raphe in newborn

Lesion  with   suspected   malignancy:   incisonal biopsy

A pic of a patient with ulcerative papilas red in the whole mouth and red macules in the skin and patient felt tired: leukemia, peripheral giant cell geanuloma?

Syndorme with eyes bulging out – Crouzon

Pic of dentinogenesis imperfect –

Supernumerary teeth in what stage – Initiation

First sign of development of teeth 6th week?

Dental lamina

If patient has been on penicilin and comes with fever and more pain, change antibiotic but clindamycin wasnt an option, options included erythromycin and tetracycline.

Most potent bronchodilator – Isoproteronol

Stages of treatment: .. Maintenance And all that

T test: 2 means

Chi square: 2 categorical variables

Cohort retro and perspective: Risk factor, Retro= historical.

Case control (ODD): rare

Exam that failed to prove 5 cases that were positive for disease: false negative

Chroma: Saturation of color

Patient whit green and orange stains: medications, diet,? Poor oral hygiene

Cleft lip and palate in caucasians 1:100 or 1:500

Cleft lip alone 1:1000 Cleft palate alone 1;2000 Both 1:700 0r 1:800

Difference between fear and anxiety: fear is focal anxiety is generalized, fear unknown anxiety known, ??? fear is known anxiety unknown

Which thing decreases or increases in age dont remember but i answered value – Chroma increase, value decrease and hue unchanged

Untreated decay frequently in black? more caries in hispanic- more untreated caries in black due to lack of finance (mosby)

Functions of the collimator in rx: Reduce exposure

Intruded primary central 5 mm with 3 yrs of age: Observe

 

Apexogenesis do not : root lengethening, root vascularization

Internal bleach: external or internal cervical reabsorption? external cervical resorption

One wall defect? Hemiseptum

Chancre what it resembles? I put squamous cell carcinoma

Nitrous oxide contra indication: sicke cell anemia or hemophilia? SCA is not CI, not absolute but relative – to prevent sickle cell crisis

The setting of vinyl polysiloxane silicone can be retarded by latex gloves, eugenol?

60.  Imbibition in hydrocolloids? Imbibition (absorption of water from the air) and syneresis (loss of water to the air or surrounding environment) occur with both,, so its true it occur with hydrocolloids (dd). But mostly we see it in clinic with alginate, and popularity of agar impression is limited becoz it need special equipment.

Bone morphogenic protein? BMP are present in DFDBA bone graft which makes it osteogenic

Alot of questions about perio connective tissue and flaps

Which procedure cannot be done in the distal of the 2 mnd molar to increase attached gingiva in a moderate pocket something like that – Distal widge, cant be done if we dont have adequate attached gingiva,,, while Apf we use it to increase attached gingiva

NBDE YesIcan August 2017

Analog (definition) – Is a replica of the actual implant, for lab purpose

Distance between implants – 3mm – between mental nerve 5mm – between vital tissue 2mm – buccal, lingual, maxillary sinus, nasal cavity and inferior border all are 1mm – between adjacent natural teeth 1.5 – 2-3mm below cej of the adjacent tooth

Taurodentism (definition) – apical enlargement of pulp

Cross sectional study (3 questions to identified what type of study) – descriptive study, used for prevalence and incidence, there is no correlation in these studies, no cause and effect

 

Cross-sectional study—study in which the health conditions in a group of people who are, or are assumed to be, a sample of a particular population (a cross section) is  assessed at one time. Consider the hypothesis that drinking alcohol increases the risk of developing oral cancer. If researchers chose to conduct a cross-sectional study to explore this hypothesis, they might examine a group of men who drink alcohol and compare the occurrence of oral cancer among men who are not alcohol drinkers.    The researchers could then determine whether there is an association between the presence of oral cancer and alcohol. Although this study is relatively quick and inexpensive, its potential to contribute to a judgment of causation is limited because it cannot determine whether the outcome (in this case, oral cancer) occurred before  the men started drinking or if it developed as a result of some other cause (e.g., metastasis).

 

Clinical trial (2 questions)

 

a.Clinical trials—Clinical trials attempt to evaluate the effects of a treatment. A clinical trial aims to isolate one factor (e.g., a new drug) and examine its contribution to a patient’s health by holding all other factors as constant as possible. Well-designed

 

clinical trials use a double-blind design in which neither the subject nor the investigator  knows  to  which  group  a  subject  belongs.  is  design  helps  prevent  the potential for a biased interpretation of treatment effect (better or worse) that might occur if either the investigator or the subject knew to which treatment group (i.e., placebo or experimental agent) a subject belonged. Clinical trials compare the incidence of disease and side effects between the groups in the study to draw inferences about the safety and efficacy of the treatment or treatments under investigation.

Community trials—in a community trial, the group as a whole is studied rather than the individuals in it. The more similar the communities, the more valid the results. A known example of a community trial was the 1945 Newburgh-Kingston water fluoridation trial. In this study, NaF was added to the water of Newburgh, New York, and DMFT was compared with Kingston, New York, which was non uoridated.

 

Hazard communication paper ( 2 questions, one to identify which institutions created it (OSHA) and one to identify what materials are named hazardous) – chemical hazard MSDS, For general hazard OSHA. MSDS regulated by OSHA through Hazard Communication

 

Hazardous chemicals—the OSHA hazard communication standard  requires  employees to receive training about the risks of using hazardous chemicals and the safety precautions required when handling them. Employees must be trained in identification of hazardous chemicals and PPE to be used for each chemical. This training must occur within 30 days of employment or before the employee uses any chemicals and  annually thereafter. Just as with the blood-borne pathogen standard,  a written plan identifying employee training and detailing specific control measures used in the work- place must be compiled for hazardous chemicals. Penalties can be imposed on the employer if the office is not in compliance.

Chemical sterilization – Gluteraldehye 10 hrs

Informed consent (autonomy)

Veracity (they gave me the concept) – Principle: Veracity (“truthfulness”). The dentist has a duty to communicate

Radio resistant cells – Nerve was the answer

Cherubism – Bilateral jaws expansion, tx: no treatment

Ectodermal dysplasia ( 2 questions, they used words like anhidrosis (no sweat glands)

and Hypothricosis (decrease in hair)

 

Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia.1. X-linked recessive condition that results in partial or complete anodontia. 2. Patients also have hypoplasia of other ectodermal structures, including hair, sweat glands, and nails. Microdontia.

 

Most common side effect of nitrous oxide (Nausea)

INR ( What it measure? extrinsic pathway, intrinsic pathway…..) 8 -1.3 normal – for surgery on patients taking anticoagulants 2-2.5

A child 16 kg how much LA ( options 34-48-72-115) 16*4.4 is 4

 

Ludwing angina ( 2 or 3 questions , what space is not involve, antibiotic they gave me options of meds) – Sub mental, sub lingual, sub mandibular space involved, Retro pharyngeal not involved. Penicillin, metronidazole, clindamycin, and ciprofloxacin are often the antibiotics of

Patient in dialysis do dental treatment day after dialysis

Suppression of cortisol (was a weird question, options, 20mg, 200 mg, 10mg, 1mg for 2 weeks in 2 years)

The more common site of caries: pit and fissures

Arthroscopy (they gave a short case question) – Steroid injections, disc manipulations, have a look in joint space

 

Surgical treatments for temporomandibular disorder . 1. Overview—surgical treatments of the TMJ include arthrocentesis, arthroscopy, disc repositioning, disc repair or removal, condylotomy, and total joint replacement. Arthroscopy involves the placement of two cannulas to allow access for intracapsular instrumentation of the superior joint space. Disc manipulation, disc release, posterior band cautery, and disc repositioning and stabilization techniques all have been described. Arthroscopy appears to be an effective modality in a select group of surgical patients and offers a potentially less morbid access to the joint.

 

Gardner syndrome – Supernumeary teeth, multiple polyp, intestinal polyp,

Indirect rest instead amalgam to get better… For ideal contour, I think indirect restoration instead of amalgam

More common PSICHIATRIC pathology in older ( Mania, depression, )

Vertically face divided (5, 3)

25.  Penumbra (They gave the concept) – Penumbra is lack of sharpness of the film. It is a fuzzy, unclear area that surrounds a radiographic image and is affected by focal spot size (smaller the better), film composition (larger the size of crystals less sharp the image), and movement during the exposure.

Osteomyelitis Staph — infection from in to out — radiolucent— pain after ext — pen v V Inflammation of bone (and bone marrow) or osteomyelitis is common in the jaws. Most lesions are associated with extension of periodontal or periapical inflammation. Others are associated with trauma to the jaws. Pain, paresthesia, and exudation are typically present.

Patient  said        “I    don’t    have    time    to    quick    smoking    (contemplation,

precontempation…)

Down coding and unbundling

Most crucial in replantation after avulsion ( time, open or closed apex…)

Harder area to floss (mesial of first pm)

Bimaxillary protrusion (the gave me the concept) – Bimaxillary protrusion refers to a protrusive dentoalveolar position of maxillary and mandibular dental arches that produces a convex facial

32.  Pka has effect on… The lower the pKa (dissociation constant) of the local anesthetic, the faster the onset of action, Low pka — more free base— fast onset.

Which is not radiopaque (AOT, Ameloblastic fibroma, Odontoma)

 

Least likely to recur – AOT

Anticancer drug with effect in acid folic – Methotrexate

RPI I bar fracture what do you do? Soldering

37.  Brown tumors – Hyperparathyroidism, brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism is called giant cells lesion too, histologically resembles to central giant cell granuloma.

Macroglosia is not common in …. Hyperthyroidism

Clean tongue to prevent… odor

40.  Sulfas MOA – stimulate insulin release from beta pancreatic cells (sulfonylureas hypoglycemic drugd). About sulfonamides antibiotic (inhibit PABA folic acid synthesis).

Differents questions of neurofromatosis (2 or 3) (What do you not see? Café au lait, lisch nodules of the iris, super numerary are

X ray to light and to dark

43.  Geographic tongue (they gave me a short description) – Geographic tongue (benign migratory glossitis, erythema migrans) 1. Common (2% of population) benign condition of the tongue of unknown cause. 2. Appears as white annular lesions surrounding atrophic red central zones that migrate with time. 3. Occasionally symptomatic (mild pain or burning). 4. No treatment necessary.

Nicotinic stomatitis (they gave me description) Nicotine stomatitis (Figure 4-4). White change in palate caused by smoking. 2. Red dots in the lesion are inflamed salivary duct orifices. 3. Not considered premalignant, unless related to “reverse smoking” (lighted end in mouth).

Retentive claps (suprabulge, infrabulge…)

Initial treatment of LAP (antibiotics, antibiotics+ SRP, SRP .)

Lefort 1 ( the answer was maxillary sinus)

Questions of apexogenesis and apexification (they gives you a short case and you have to decide) Apexogenesis –> Vital tooth / Apexification –> non-vital

Treatment of ranula – excise

Liquid in Glass ionomer – Polyacrylic acid

Source of epithelium for grafts – donor

Half erupted third molar in a 18 years old patient, WHY do you extract that molar? (to avoid chronic pericoronaritis, because thirds molars can produce crowding in anterior, to treat pocket on the distal of second molar and other option)

Tooth with crown best pulpal test – Thermal test

Nsaid who does not affect palettes – Celecoxib, selective cox 2

Multiple Myeloma first sign – bone pain

Melanoma common localization – Palate and gingiva, no

Reciprocal anchorage – used for closure of midline diastema, use of Crossbite elastics.

Pictures of Dentigerous cyst, leukemia, amelobrastic fibroma

PM with 3 canals – max 1PM

Outline shape of prep of mandibular first molar (triangular, ovoid, trapezoid…)

Slob rule – Same lingual opp buccal

 

Disadvantage of partial thickness flap – thin flap so tear easily, can get lost easily, Difficult to

Most stable in moisture – PVS

64.  More common reason of amalgam failure – if ask for failure water contamination, if ask for fracture then cavity preparation. The contamination of the amalgam by moisture during trituration and condensation is unquestionably the principal cause of failures.

Antibiotic seen in GCF (no tetracycline in options) Gingival crevicular fluid: Azithromycin

Gingivectomy where to do incision – External incision, at the base of the

Perio maintenance interval (3months, 4, 6…)

True about Niti over stainless steel (options something like harder, more adaptable in curvatures (keep shape), flexibility….) Shape memory is the ability of nitinol to undergo deformation at one temperature, then recover its original, undeformed shape upon heating above its “transformation temperature”.

Intrapulpal anesthesia – back pressure

Supernumerary teeth seen in, Anterior maxilla … Occlusal radigraph best, Gardener, Down syndrome, Cledocranial

Treatment without consent – Battary

Least probable canal ledges (short, small, large, curved)

Med who increase cardiac output (beta blockers, alpha, ace…) – beta agonists, digitalis – It increases the force of contraction of the heart by inhibiting Na+,K+-ATPase and indirectly increasing intracellular calcium.

Wheezing seen in ( asthma, COPD)

Common between Aspirin and acetaminophen) – Antipyretic and analgesic

Montelukast Moa – Leukotriene receptor antagonist

Culture of sensitivity used to… Bact resistant

That question of 3 years old with 5 mm intrusion (they did not give to much details)

leave it

Most common emergency in dental office – Syncope! 90% – Hyperventilation 9%

80.  Herpetic gingiva stomatitis (short description) – Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis diagnosed early (within 3 days of onset) is treated immediately with antiviral therapy (acyclovir, 15 mg/kg ve times daily for 7 days). All patients should receive pallia- tive care, including plaque removal, systemic NSAIDs, and topical anesthetics. Proper nutrition should be maintained. Patients should be made aware of the contagious nature of this disease when vesicles are present.

What do you look at Gardners (osteomas)

Ignoring a patient bad behavior – extinction

#8 with radiolucency increase in size for all of the following except (apical scar)

Occlusion (3 questions where is located the interference? Where to grind, balanced occlusion concept – Occlusion, in a dental context, means simply the contact between More technically, it is the relationship between the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth when they approach each other, as occurs during chewing or at rest.

 

More common cells in cellulitis – leukocytosis (white cells above the normal range in the blood)

Most common tooth lost due to periodontitis – Max 2nd molar, maxi first most affected by periodontitis and max 2nd most common

Pathology with early teeth lost – Papillion-Lefevre syndrome, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, hypophosphatasia, neutropenia, leukemia and in some cases Langerhans cell histiocytosis

Epinephrine avoid in …. multiple sclerosis, Hypertension, thyroidism

Side effect of albuterol – Candida and xerostomia

Dental lamina ( 2, 6, 8, 12 weeks)

Best bone to implant located in – Mand ant, type 1

Implants: high torque low speed, low speed high torque…)

Repair of veneer – Micro etch, etch, silane, bonding

Cause of mucocele – trauma

Pulp necrosis what type of resorption (inflammatory, replacement, .)

K sparing drugs – Eplerenone (Inspra), Spironolactone (Aldactone), Triamterene (Dyrenium)

Patient with SCC and he said something like “ Are you saying that I have cancer? How do you respond? (Do you want to call someone to be with you now? This has better prognosis than others Others options)

Common salivary gland tumor – Pleomorphic Adenoma (mixed tumor)

Properties of Zinz polycarboxilate, and other with GIC

100.           Staffne cyst – Depression of mandible on lingual side. Below IAN. Stafne (static) bone defect a. Diagnostic radiolucency of the mandible secondary to invagination of the lingual surface of the jaw. b. Located in the posterior mandible below the mandibular canal. (Static, Psyduo, Mand Fossa, No treatment, Round and RL)

Nystatin Moa – binds to ergosterol

Primary teeth who resemble mandibular first molar – 2nd

What to use with disable kid (voice control, consistency)

Patient with bradycardia what to give him (atropine, .) – Use atropine, and anticholinergic, if bradycardia is present (DD). Atropine has direct inhibitory effect on vagal mediated sympathetic stimulus resulting into reflex tachycardia, even though Epinephrine do also have effect but it causes Cardiac Arrthymia.

A question said something like more cost effective fluoride treatment – community water

During extraction more common (fracture, hemorrhage…)

Incisal guidance – Vertical and horizontal overlap

Nsaid preferred for kids – preferred nsaid for kids is Ibuprofen, if not NSAID then acetaminophen.

Nsaid who does not affect platelets – Acetaminophen, Naproxen, Celecoxib

Index of caries – DMFT (decayed missing filled tooth)

Question of periapical cemento osseos dysplasia which one is not true?

Allograft concept – this graft material is obtained from cadaver bone that is processed to ensure sterility and to decrease substances in the bone that can trigger

 

host immune response. However, this process destroys the osteoinductive capability of the bone, whereas the osteoconductive property of the graft remains. Although allograft avoids the need for a second surgical site, a greater amount of the grafted material is resorbed compared with autografts. Allogra materials include undecalci  ed, freeze- dried bone allogra (osteoconductive material) and decalci ed, freeze-  dried bone allogra (osteo- genic material owing to the presence of bone mor- phogenetic proteins that are exposed during the demineralization process).

Which is not used in cast restauration – irreversible impresiom mater?

Anug (2 quesntions, onhe for treatment and one they gave me a short description)

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. Characteristics. a. Painful, bleeding gingival tissues. b. Blunting of interproximal papillae. c. Pseudomembrane on the marginal gingiva. d. Fetid breath. e. High fever. Caused by fusiform bacilli (spirochetes) and other anaerobes. Most common in teenagers and young adults. Responds well to debridement, oxidizing mouth rinses, and antibiotics. Treatment of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis includes evaluation of the medical history, application of topical anesthetic followed by gently swabbing the necrotic lesions to remove the pseudo-membrane, and removal of local factors such as calculus (o en with ultrasonic instruments unless contraindicated by the medical history). Systemic antibiotics should be prescribed only if there is evidence of lymphadenopathy or fever. The patient should be instructed to avoid alcohol and tobacco, rinse with chlorhexidine, get adequate rest, remove bacterial plaque gently, and take an analgesic as needed for pain. Patients should return in 1 to 2 days for reevaluation and further debridement. Patient should be seen again approximately 5 days later for reevaluation; further counseling regarding diet, rest, and tobacco use; reinforcement of oral hygiene instruction (including chlorhexidine rinses); and periodontal evaluation.

116.         Belladone alkaloids ( contraindications) – Belladonna alkaloids and phenobarbital combination is used to treat cramping and spasms in the stomach and intestines. Contraindications:  acute  edema  of  the  lungs,  mechanical  stenoses  of  GI  tract, megacolon, narrow angle glaucoma, prostate adenoma and tachycardic arrhythmias.

Stridor seen in – laryngospasm

Efficacy concept – intrinsic effect

More common in men (diabetes, hemophilia, hypertension…)

What is not a benefit of ¾ crown one a Full crown – time for placement

Alveolar osteitis treatment – Analgesic, sedative dressing, no

Treatment contraindicated in trough trough furcation, – We do guided tissue regeneration for class 2 furcation… but through and through furcation either class 3 or 4 and we can’t do GTR

Least effective reducing interproximal plaque – water pick

Morphine side effects – respiratory depression, constipation, dysphoria, toxic: miosis, coma, resp

Most common reason of cardiac arrests in children: respiratory failure

Bur used to polish porcelain – diamond

 

Tons of questions of pulpal pathology, flaps indications and contraindications, side effects of medsGuys thanks for your everything. Some extra advice, check flaps deeply. As you can see I can’t remember to much of farma because I hadn’t too  much and I’m bad on it. But about farma read about cancer treatments, radiation  and biophosphanates, what meds can cause dry mouth, smoking cessation meds. I got a few ones from mdb reworded but mostly the same. I found it a good resource  to practice and learn. I did Kaplan q bank and I loved it.

I got like 6 cases. One a kid with so many many meds!! He had kidney transplant. Was

11 years old. They ask me about medications he was taking and which one was causing him gingival hyperplasia. He had 170/110 of BP or something really close. They ask which of his pathologies demand send him to emergency. – cyclosporine for gingival hyperplasia and I pick BP for emergency

Another case of and old men with many heart conditions A lot of meds too. They ask me about meds and prostho and ortho I think. Not sure because I got two cases of  old men. One of them had a first molar missing and second and third molar tilted to the space. They asked me what type of coast I DO NOT use on the second premolar

(20) options distal I bar, distal facial wrought wire, mesial circumferential, mesiofacial something else. Ortho question was about move molars and premolar and about  them at space. What meds was causing him dry mouth.

And alcoholic case young guy. Teeth in really bad shape. Many perio questions on him about what to do in this teeth, or what not to do.

One case of 14 years old girl with canine out of arch. She was asthmatic. What angle case? What to do with canine or extract and appliance or expand or appliance? She had a first molar with deep groove and a little be dark. What to do on that molar? Sealant, amalgam, nothing…

Every single case had patient management questions. Two sentences to decide if  both true, both false, first true second false, first false second true. I used a lot the highlights with the mouse to keep in mind key words.

The alcoholic patient was 18 month clean. They asked me if he was cured. They ask if for example the cardiac patient should be premeds due to.. something that doesn’t need premed although he has something else to be premeditated for. I don’t know if I’m explaning well. But they play with your mind. If you read the case and the patient has something that alerts you that ok this patient needs premedication but in the question the ask like this patient needs antibiotics due to his angina. So you have to read carefully.

I got a case of a young guy 43 years old I think. He was not happy with his teeth. He has diastema and they ask why do not close this space. Because closing diastema is hard in adults, because he has deep bite or something like that and many others options

I had that question of US population. There’s in US 55% or more women than men. More than 75% of people who lives in home care are women X percent of women after 65 are marriage… I

choose the 75% …. one because that is a big number, two because is hard to me to believe that more moms are in home care centers   (dads used to behave worst ) im sorry guys I don’t know the correct answer.

 

KARA PAL RQs (JULY 19)

 

K sparing drug? Spironolactone, amiloride, triamterene – K+-sparing diuretics qreduce the driving force for K+ movement into the

Virax in oral cavity? Virax (acyclovir) – Acyclovir is an antiviral agent with activity against Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, (HSV-1 and HSV-2) and varicella zoster virus (VZV).

What procedures you cant do in AIDS patient? No prophylaxsis, because candida

4.      Opiods effects: Miosis, constipation, cns depression, also respiratory depression, and ONLY MEPERIDINE mydriasis

Papoose contraindication: Long – term restraining, Mentally or physical abnormal

Battery? – treat without informed consent

Lot of prostho occlusal interference questions

Which study doesn’t show cause and effect – cross sectional, observational study

Drugs those block prostaglandins has increased effect on gastric mucosa? – Non selective COX inhibitors

Bimaxiallry protrusion – Both arch When u see facial profile lip incompetence lips strain n prominence lip profile

11.  Combination syndrome: Kelly syndrome, maxillary CD opposing mand anterior natural teeth Cc:- flaby max ant bone resorption – extrusion of mand teeth. Loss of bone from the anterior part of the maxillary ridge, overgrowth of the tuberosities, papillary hyperplasia in the hard palate, extrusion of the lower anterior teeth, the loss of bone under the partial denture bases.

Characteristics of band and loop: -Doesnt prevent sobre-eruption of opposing – Its non functional

Least fracture resistant? lithium, feldpathic, zirconia – The order of chipping resistance (from least to greatest) was: feldspathic porcelain and a leucite glass ceramic (which were similar), followed by the lithium disilicate glass ceramic and the two resin composites (which were similar), and finally the zirconia which had the greatest resistance to

Pka has effect on what? Onset of Low pKa = fast onset, High pKa = slow onset

16 kg of 3 year old how many mgs LA to give? 16*4.4=70.4mg

What meds you give in osteomyelitis? Clindamicin

Patient with bizarre behavior and disorientation you give what? insulin, glucose, thyroid – disorientation and confusion most commonly indicate hypoglycemia which needs glucose

Initial stages of sedation what patient feels? Tingling of hands

19.  Condensing osteitis? Excessive bone mineralization around the apex of an asymptomatic VITAL TOOTH. Radiopacity may be caused by low-grade pulp irritation. This process is asymptomatic and benign. It does not require endodontic therapy.

2 questions on Periapical Cemento osseous dysplasia – Reactive process of unknown cause that requires no treatment. Commonly seen at the apices of one or more mandibular anterior teeth. No symptoms; teeth vital. Most frequently seen in middle- aged women. Starts as circumscribed lucency, which gradually becomes opaque.  An exuberant form that may involve the entire jaw is known as florid osseous dysplasia.

What cyst in roots of mandibular premolar? Traumatic bone cyst

What lesions are not radiopaque? AOT, Ameloblastic fibro odontoma

 

Least likely to occur? AOT, odontogenic myxoma

Which anticancer drugs has effect on folic acid? Methotrexate

Radiographic pictures Rg ameloblastic fibro odontoma – Unilocular or multilocular lucency, well-defined radiolucency often associated with an unerupted

9 year old kid swollen gingiva, recurrent skin infections: May be Impetigo, pemphigus?

What is  complication  of  maxillary  molar  extractions:      Sinus  perforation,  Fracture tubeocity

What is easily curable? macule, hematoma, …

2 questions on Incisal guidance

RPD I bar fractured what you do? – Construct a new one

What does conjugation do to a drug? – Phase II. Makes  it  more  water  soluble  to enhace

Patient with flared maxillary incisors and diastemas, to improve esthetics what you evaluate first? Radiograph, Diagnose wax up, probing depth

33.  Downcoding and upcoding – Down when insurance company bills your treatment to the cheaper procedure. Up – when you type your treatment to be more expensive than actual value to the insurance company.

Brown tumors: Hyperparathyroidism

Which conditions have macroglossia? Cretinism, acromegaly, beckwith – wiedeman syndrome, down syndrome,

You don’t do RCT with PA radiolucency in which patients? Diabetes?

Systemic antifungal drugs ? Fluconazole, keroconazole, amphotericin

Why do you clean tongue? esthetics, prevent odor (Halitosis. Bad breath)

What bacteria in chronic periodontitis? P gingivalis, intermediate, treponema denticolla,

Nasal obstruction what sedation you cant give? Inhalational – True nitrous contraindicate

41.  Sulfonamide MOA – COMPETE with PABA to inhibit PABAs actions, which prevents bacterial folic acid synthesis to inhibit cellular growth.

Traumatic neuroma – ORAL TRAUMATIC NEUROMA – a lesion (soft tissue tumor) caused by trauma to a peripheral nerve, usually appearing as a very small nodule/swelling (O.5 cm in diameter) of the mucosa near/over the mental foramen on the alveolar ridge in edentulous areas, lips, & tongue. MOST COMMON SITE IS OVER THE MENTAL FORAMEN IN EDENTULOUS PATIENTS, but they can occur wherever a tooth has been extracted. Extraction sites in the anterior maxilla & posterior mandible are common In the oral cavity, the traumatic neuroma may be due to trauma from a surgical procedure (i.e. tooth  extraction, from  a  local anesthetic  injection, or accident). A nodule or swelling PAINFUL WHEN PALPATED, as applied digital pressure elicits a response described as an “electric shock”. Multiple neuromas on the lips, tongue, or palate may indicate the patient may have MEN III (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome). Treatment: surgical excision of the nodule with small proximal portion of the involved nerve. Recurrence is uncommon.

Patient wore denture for 10 years and there is 6*3 white lesion on buccal of mandible? Biopsy, or observe – Any lesion red or white doesn’t go away for 2 weeks we should do biopsy.

44.  Treatment of concussion? Baseline vitality tests and radiographs. Occlusal adjustment. No immediate treatment is needed. Let the tooth “rest” (avoid bite), then follow-up.

 

Primary maxillary incisors intruded 5mm what you do? On 2-3mm we were waiting to reerupt, so probably in younger patients reposition, older like above 5y/o

Radiolucency in primary molar furcation area? Pulpectomy – If 1st molar extraction

Most common caries location? Pits and fissure

Features of arrested caries? Hard, dark, shiny

Composite characteristics? Rough, glass filler

Opaque porcelain features? Mask the metal and provide chemical bonding with metal

Phelobith location? nerve, vein (I assume phlebitis) – Phlebolith is a Calcification in a vein

Lefort 3 fracture what side gaze is limited to? Laterally, medial or downward – LeFORT III (Transverse Fracture or Craniofacial Oysfunction)-a fracture in which the entire maxilla and one or more facial bones are completely separated from the craniofacial skeleton . These patients have restricted mandibular (nasoethmoidal)

LeFORT II (Pyramidal Fracture)- a unilateral or bilateral fracture of the maxilla in which the body of the maxilla is separated from the facial skeleton and the separated portion is pyramidal-    shaped.    Signs:    periorbital    edema,    ecchymosis,    subconjunctival hemorrhage, and nose bleeding. A common finding is paresthesia over  the  distribution of the infraorbital nerve. (Zygomaticomaxillary)

Lefort 1?  LeFORT  I  (Horizontal  Fracture}  –  a  horizontal  segmented  fracture  of  the alveolar process of the maxilla in which the teeth are usually contained in the detached portion of the bone, causing an OPEN BITE. A LeFort I osteotomy is most commonly used to correct maxillary (intramaxillary)

Axillary freckling seen in? Nerofibromatosis

Radiographic image of lateral wall of nasal fossa

radiographic is too light? Why? – may be too old solution

If you take radiograph 10 Ma with 1 sec exposure and you take another x ray with 0.5 sec what mA will you give to get same density radiograph? 5, 10 or 20 –

qmAs = mA X time (sec) 10= x. 0.5 x=10/0.5 x = 20

Serpentile something feature? migratory glossitis – (Geographic tongue)

HIV infection feature? I put Usually asymptomatic in initial stages (lymphocytes reduction)

Normal skeletal and class 3 dental what could be the reason? Loss of primary mandibular 1st molar or incisor crowding or thumb sucking

3mm lack of mandibular arch how you treat? Disk distal of molar, I put lingual arch and observe

Max 2nd molar less keratinized tissue, which graft will you give? – lateral /pedicle flape?

Most common crown root fracture tooth – max anterior

Primary mandibular 2nd resembles to? Permanent first

If you have ledge while doing RCT what you do? Bypass with smaller instrument

Access opening of Mandibular molar? Trapezoidal

Modified widman flap? Full thickness 3 incisions used to expose bone defects

When we don’t do gingivectomy? (aka gingivectomy contraindication) Bone surgery needed, inadequate attached gingiva, apical to the mucoging junction

Mouth breather features? class 2 occlusion, adenoid facies, open bite, dry perioral tissues.

7-8 questions on studies

 

2 questions on OSHA

Which study FDA do to check drugs? Randomized clinical

4 questions desensitization kind of

Behavior shaping question, patient say I don’t wanna quit smoking? precontemplation stage – The behavioral change process occurs in several a. Precontemplation — an individual is not considering a behavior change.  Contemplation — an individual begins to consider a behavior change. Preparation

— preparing to take steps to change (o en expresses a desire to change a behavior). Action — an individual is engaged in taking action toward behavior change (o en requires support for his or her e orts). Maintenance — an individual attempts to maintain a changed behavior.

Eg of secondary prevention? Amalgam and composite restorations – Secondary prevention is the elimination or reduction of a disease after it occurs. An amalgam restoration is considered secondary prevention because tooth decay is removed and a restoration is

Where you give General ? 2 year old kid needs lot of restoration

Most common periodontal failure? Max PM, Max molar, Mand PM, and Mand molars

– max molars due to trifurcation

Twisted questions on Meperidine and MOA read it carefully – a. Can be used orally. More potent than codeine but less potent than morphine. A metabolite, normeperidine, is a CNS stimulant. Not recommended for long-term pain relief. Contraindicated with MAO inhibitors. t1/2 ~ 3 hours. – MEPERIDINE (DEMEROL) – a SYNTHETIC narcotic  (opioid)  agonist  that  is  weaker  than  morphine,  but  equally addictive. It’s duration of action is shorter than morphine, and it is the only narcotic agent that does NOT cause miosis (pupillary constriction). Demerol is used as an IV supplement during conscious sedation procedures, but is less potent than morphine and much less potent than fentanyl. Demerol is also used as an oral medication to control pain after dental surgery. Oemerol treats moderate- to-severe pain (acute dental pain) and may be used as a preoperative medication to relieve pain and allay anxiety. Length of Effectiveness: IV or 1M (3hrs) and not very effective given orally. When combined with promethazine it is know as Mepergan Fortis.

Meperidine can cause seizures, tremors, and muscle spasms. Synthetic Meperidine Oerivatives: Fentanyl (Sublimaze) – a synthetic potent opioid analgesic used primarily as an IV sedative during conscious sedation procedures or procedures requiring general anesthesia. It is 80-1OOx more potent than morphine.

What pain killer drug is safe in pregnant patient? tylenol

When does dental lamina starts? 2 weeks of utero, 6 weeks, 12, 10

What stage supernumerary occurs? initiation, histo, apposition

What % of community water fluoridation? 74% – Mosby

Mechanism of fluoride? options weren’t the regular one we read, very twisted terms they used – Topical effect of constant infusion of a low fluoride concentration into the oral cavity = enamel remineralization. Fluoride converts hydroxyapatite fluorapatite by substituting OH’ for Fl’. Fl decreases the solubility of hydroxyapatite crystal, while increasing the crystal size. Fluoride ion is easily exchanged with the hydroxyl ion in the lattice structure of enamel because FI is slightly smaller than OH- with a greater affinity for hydroxyapatite crystals than OH-. Fluoride inhibits glycolysis where sugar is converted into acid by bacteria (fluoride ion inhibits enzymatic production of glucosyltransferase).

 

Multiple myeloma feature? bone pain? Yes, first sign, Punch out lesion, Bence jhon proteins,

2 question on best bone for implant? Type 1

What is implant abutment? it is connecting element b/w crown and implant fixture

You making FPD and you see 1 prosthesis in Radiograph is completely seating on implant what you do? Screw the implant, take another RG, section the FPD

Disadvantages of cemented implant restoration? need more occlusal space

Fearful patient how do you respond? gradual desensitisation

90.  Leading question, open ended and reassurance ? leading question: you are not affraid, do you? (not recomendable to use) – open ended: how are you feeling? (let the pt to communicate and its the best choice – reassurance: what advantages or disadvantages do you see in tx plan? (making sure pt understood).

Modeling in fearful kid ? let another person to show him who to behave, like brother or stuuf

Buccal limitation of mandibular denture – masseter

Lingual limitation of Mandibular denture? Genioglossus, Frenum, Mylohyoid, Sup constrictor, Platoglossus

ANUG resembles  what?  I   put  herpetic   stomatitis – recurrent herpes-stomatitis mimicking acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG).

When do you do elective RCT?

Lefort 1 includes what structure? Maxilla, hard palate, there is a sign of bilateral hematoma on palate = guerin sign

Smokeless tobacco causes what? Leukoplakia – verrucus carcinoma

Max anterior teeth placed too superior and too anterior what sound will affect? F and v

When you make rest on molar you make rest deep enough in marginal ridge, buccal incline, lingual? – yes 5mm

What is not included in the consent? Cost

Epinephrine contraindicated in thyroid? in hyperthyroidsm yes

(Few questions on some recent study questions. Never heard and don’t remember)

Dental hygienist and 3 doctors in practice, dental hygienist screwed the case who will be legally blamed? dental hygenist and the doctor “supervising”

Abcess include marginal and interproximal gingiva called? Gingival abscess, pericoronal, periapical

What is the indication of half erupted third molar in 18 years old? dental hygenist and the doctor “supervising”

Another question on complication of maxillary molar extraction: 1st molar root in sinus, 2nd molar related with maxillary tuberosity

You can avoid ledge if canal is: Small, large, short or curved – short less incidence of ledge and long more incidence

External bevel incision? gingivectomy

Ear pain refer to? Mandible molars

Lots of pharma questions

An athlete having pain and soreness on tmj when he wake up? MPDS – myofacial pain. Myofascial Pain Dysfunction (MPD) Syndrome-the most common cause of TMJ pain. It is a disease primarily involving the muscles of mastication. MPD often responds to an acrylic night guard (occlusal separator or occlusal appliance)

 

along with a soft diet, limited talking, and elimination of gum chewing. Moist heat applied to the face and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents are  also  helpful during the acute phase.

Sublingual varicosities? Twisted options – age

Radiograph of dentigerous cyst – Dentigerous Cysts (Primordial or Follicular Cysts)-cysts associated with the crowns of unerupted teeth, probably the result of degenerative changes in the reduced enamel epithelium. Well-defined usually unilocular

Distance between two implants: 3 mm

# of granulocyte for surgery? 1500 – Any ANC < 1500 cells / mm3 is considered neutropenia, but <500 cells / mm3 is considered severe – For platelet 50.000 in dd surgery

Periodontitis common in? African American, males

Nursing bottle caries? Options were so new and confusing never heard before sorry don’t remember – Max incisors and molars, mandibular protected by

Early childhood caries – ECC: definition by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD)—the presence of more than one decayed (noncavitated or cavitated), missing (owing to decay), or filled tooth surface in any primary tooth in a child younger than 6.

Severe ECC: a. Younger than 3 years—any sign of smooth surface decay. b. Ages 3 to 5.

One or more cavitated, missing (owing to caries), or filled smooth surface in primary maxillary anterior teeth. (2) A decayed, missing, or filled surface (DMFS) score of greater than 4 (age 3), greater than 5 (age 4), or greater than 6 (age 5). Previously termed “baby bottle syndrome” or “nursing bottle caries.” Typical presentation of “baby bottle syndrome.” a. Caries are present on maxillary anterior teeth and primary molars. The mandibular incisors are unaffected because of the tongue covering these teeth during feeding. History often reveals that the child is consistently put to bed with a nursing bottle containing milk or a sugar-containing drink. AAPD recommendations. a. Infants should not be put to sleep with a bottle. Ad libitum nocturnal breast-feeding should be avoided after the first primary tooth begins to erupt. Parents should be encouraged to have infants drink from a cup as they approach their first birthday. Infants should be weaned from the bottle at 12 to 18 months of age. Repetitive consumption of any liquid containing fermentable carbohydrates from a bottle or no-spill training cup should be avoided. Oral hygiene measures should be implemented by the time of eruption of the 1rst primary An oral health consultation visit within 6 months of eruption of the 1rst tooth and no later than 12 months of age is recommended to educate parents and provide anticipatory guidance for prevention of dental disease. An attempt should be made  to  assess and decrease the mother’s or primary caregiver’s Streptococcus mutans levels to decrease the transmission of car- iogenic bacteria and lessen the infant’s or child’s risk of developing ECC. In children younger than 2 with moderate to high caries risk, a smear of fluoridated toothpaste should be used. All children age 2 to 5 should use a pea sized amount of fluoridated toothpaste.

Oral infections in what leukemia: Chronic Monocytic Leukemia

Treatment of ranula? Enucleation, If recurrence removal of gland

What is mucocele? Stupid options extravasation of fluid, common in lower lip, due to trauma to ducts of minor salivary

Too deep PPS (Posterior palatal seal)? I put Gag – also unseated of denture

 

Beta 1 selective actions – decrease heart rate

Some medicine name I don’t remember, it was something like, given in lung patients for better functions and improve asthmatic effects. Mechanism of it? theophilline? albutamol? salbuterol? montelukast?

LA mechanism include all except? Read everything about it

Exhale wheezing sign of what? wheezing on expiration is asthma

Montelukast drug moa? Block the action of leukotrienes – leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) used for the maintenance treatment of asthma and to relieve symptoms of seasonal

Anti-depressants?

Dentures major connector function Where to place rest? Stability and rigidity, on marginal ridge

What happen if temp of developing solution is too high ? Dark image

Inc water:powder ratio in gypsum does what? Increases working/setting time, Decreased setting expansion, decreases strength – The increase in water:power ratio decreases the number of nuclei of crystallization per unit volume and increases the amount of space between crystalizing nuclei, thus increasing porosity when

Which bur is not good for porcelain?

Most porcelain liable to fracture: a.PFM b.zirconia c. pressed leucite, d.silicate core

Common between gardener and peutz — a polyps b odoronta c pigmentation

Epinephrine inc anxiety? yes, anxiety has elevated HR and epinephrine can make the feeling worst

Cevimeline – For treatment of xerostomia

Russell bodies – multiple myeloma

Sarcoidosis resemble – tb

Can we give chlorhexidine to ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder)

child ? no

Pigeon chest seen in? Rickets – Pectus carinatum can also be caused by vitamin D deficiency in children (Rickets) due to deposition of unmineralized

Bond strength and more lasting of resin is more in: Dentin Enamel Both

Rifampin is contradicted to pregnant women? yes or no

Sodium hypochlorite properties: No chelating, Removes organic material

Tooth most involved in vertical root fracture: Max. 1st premolar..for sure..Guys it vertical root

Part of facial nerve affected during TMJ pain: temporal, masseter zygomatic cervical

Pemphigoid and pemphigous difference: Pemphigus- nikolsky sign and suprabasilar cleft / Pephigoid – subbasilar cleft

What flow of saliva affects denture from seating – Thick

What would reverse LA: Phentolamine (non selective alpha blocker), its A alpha adr antagonist

Tricyclic antidepressants  inhibits:  drugs  of  FIRST  choice  to  treat  UNIPOLAR DISORDER (depression). Tricyclics inhibit neuronal reuptake of NE & Serotonin (5-HT) in the brain, which results in potentiation of their neurotransmitter actions at post- synaptic

Patient has PFM crowns and amalgam restoration, apply:

1% (not sure) neutral sodium fluoride – 2% of naf, ph= 9.2

 

What not to do in veneer:

try in paste for shade

apply silane to inner surface apply bonding agent

etch enamel with hydroflouric acid

Recent research shows the relationship between periodontal disease and:

cardiovascular disease

Xerostomia causes all of the following except:

A.smooth surface caries B.candiosis C.leukoplakia

D.salivary gland infection

Pulpal anesthesia – Back pressure

Primary teeth with occlusal convergence – Max first molar

Short crown resistance and retention – Buccal groove

Xerostomia drug receptor: muscarinic

HIV patient prophylaxis which we cant do: Candida prophylaxis

White lesion on 75 yr old pt, from 19 years, what to do? Biopsy or cytology?

Relining and Observe

Filler disadvantage – Difficulty in polishing, decrease esthetics also

Bur for porcelin cutting: Diamond burs

Retentive arm where angaged – At the infrabulge area

Best material for cervical lesion – GIC

Occlusal rest: On marginal ridge for support

Orthodontic treatment consequences: Resorption

165.                     Systemic desensitization: teaches the person to replace the feelings of anxiety with feelings of relaxation when the object or behavior is present.

Precontempling: Pt not willing to quit the habit

Which changes in lingual papillae results in Benign Migrating Glossitis (aka: geographic tongue)? a) atrophy filiform b) hypertrophy filiformc) atrophy fungiform d) hypertrophy fungiform

Treatment for Benign Migratory Glossitis: Perform Biopsy b. Administer Topical Corticosteroids c. Reassure the patient that no treatment is required d. Administer antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin(Cipro) for 10 days.

An ameloblastoma is most likely to develop in the wall of a dentigerous

Sequence treatment: Endo, perio, operative, surgery and ortho

 

Radiographic appearances:

Ground Glass appearance–> Fibrous dysplasia

Punched out radiolucencies–> Multiple Myeloma 3-Cotton Wool Appearance–> Paget’s Dz

Tooth Floating in Air–> Eiosinophilic Granuloma

Snow Appearance–> Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor(CEOT) 6-Honey Comb Appearance–> Odontogentic Myxoma

7-Soap Bubble Appearance–> Aneurysmal Bone Cyst, Cherubism 8-Scooped out radiolucencies at mid root level–> Histiocytosis X

Scalloped radiolucencies around the roots of teeth–> Simple bone cyst aka traumatic bone cyst

 

Beaten Metal appearance on the skull–> Crouzon Syndrome 11-Enlarged marrow spaces–> Sickle cell Anemia

13-Widened PDL with dissolving bone–> Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 14-Moth-Eaten radiolucency–> external resorption

Salt and pepper appearance radio-graphically-COC 16.Gosth teeth appearance- Regional Odontodisplasia

Hair on end -Thalassemia 19.Cherry blossom- Sjogren syndrome 20.Sunburst pattern- osteosarcoma

Abnormal widening of PDL – scleroderma and osteosarcoma

Teeth floating in space – hand shuller chrestien

 

Sukh Singh’s RQs (JUNE 2015)

 

Lots of questions on pt

Fluoride supplement for 7 year old with no fluoridation in water = 0mg/day

 

9 year old lost 2nd With space maintainer. = 9 yrs no premolars if so, band and loop

Antibiotics and their side Which was not matched correctly.

Which of  following  antibiotic  use  is  restricted  due  to  its  side  effect:  tetracyclin, chloroamphenicol, PNC, cephalexin = Chloroamphenicol, causes aplastic anemia

Pt allergic to both ester and Amine which LA would you use: Diphenhydramine can be used as an alternative to ester and amide local anesthetics in minor procedures of short

Prilocaine causes methemoglobinemia = Oxidizing agents such as prilocaine are the most common cause of acquired toxic

Epinepherin in 1.8, 2% 1:100k.

Now working and working incline

What is the important factor when reducing a Outline form, retention form,

resistance form or convinence

Medazolam overdose, which drug u give = Flumazenil – Flumazenil (Mazicon), a benzodiazepine antagonist, used to reverse effect of benzodiazepines in the event of an

Contraindication of nitrous sedation: Head injury, bowel obstruction, pneumothorax,

 

middle ear and sinus infections, COPD (emphysema or bronchitis – NOT ASTHMA, there ARE NOT contraindications for the use of nitrous oxide sedation in asthmatic patients), first trimester of pregnancy, with whom communication is difficult (autistic patients), having a contagious disease since it is difficult to sterilize entire tubes.

Patient has Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) bronj and bone is exposed, what is treatment? A) hyperbaric oxygen, B) sc/rp C) chlorhexidine rinse and oral antibiotics D) ALL

14.  Best test to determine a irreversible pulpitis – Thermal, cold test both reversible n irreversible will show response but the diff is that if the stimuli is removed pain is subsided within 5sec fr reversible. Cold test-lingering pain 15sec / Heat test to differentiate from reversible.

How would you differentiate between a reversible pulpitis and periodontal lesions =

Pulp vitality test

How would you treat necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis with no obvious systemic symptoms – NUG: Tissue debridement with topical or local anesthetic, rinsing with chlorhexidine or diluted hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and oral hygiene. If systemic: antibiotic therapy with metronidazole or

Focal distance increased from 8 to 16 Howard that intensify = Intensity = 1/4 of distance. So when distance increases, intensity

I1 = D2 I1 = (16)2           256/64=4      4 TIMES DECREASED I2           D1

Side effects of corticosteroids: Clouding of the lens in one or both eyes (cataracts), High blood sugar, which can trigger or worsen diabetes, Increased risk of infections, Thinning bones (osteoporosis) and fractures, Suppressed adrenal gland hormone production.

Doing composite restoration you have 1 mm of remaining dentin thickness what would you use for lining if any = glass ionomer cement for greater than 5 mm

 

Best restorative material for 13-year-old with posterior small occlusal caries not involving interproximal

Main cause of alveolar osteitis (dry socket): Thought to develop because of increased fibrinolytic activity causing accelerated lysis of the blood clot – Fibrinolysis of clot

Main sign or symptom associated with dry The patient develops severe, dull, throbbing pain 2 to 4 days after a tooth extraction. The pain is often excruciating, may

 

radiate to the ear, and is not relieved by oral analgesics. (Dull throbbing pain, foul smell, slough).

How convulsions are managed in dental setting: Secure the patient and avoid injuries, proper

Difference between fear and

Pt with folded arms and looking down what do u

Child gets their dexterity by what age to brush unassisted: This is an adult No child has adequate dexterity for brushing teeth until age 6-9(average 7) yrs and flossing 10 years. Tooth brush dexterity 7 yrs.

Systemic fluoride won’t benefit which tissue- root, occlusal, inter-proximal, smooth surface.

28.  Main  features  of  achondroplasia:  ACHONDROPLASIA-the  most  common  type  of DWARFISM. Clinically, the child appears very short (around 50 inches), fingers are stubby, bowed legs, bulging of the forehead, bossing of the frontal bones, saddle-like nose, and mandibular prognathism.

Which is not important about designing tx plan for frail woman – age, dexterity, previous dental tx, ability to

5-2.5 year child more prone to injuries due to: accidental prone, Overprotective parent. Abuse. No fully coordinated development.

pt in for #8 crown. Missing 1-4 and 12-16. How would u record occlusion: Old dental records

5 year old cavity prep, Haitian accidentally exposures mesiobuccal I’ll come on what is the best course tx. Options were pulotomy with stainless steel crown, Pulp With calcium hydroxide followed by stainless steel crown, root canal treatment – (DPC is a relative contraindication in primary tooth)

12-year-old patient who had crown fracture with exposed pulp comes the following day. For treatment, what is the best treatment: In young patients with immature, still developing teeth it is advantageous to preserve pulp vitality by pulp capping or partial Also, this treatment is the choice in young patients with completely formed teeth. Calcium hydroxide is a suitable material to be placed on the pulp wound in such procedures.

A nine-year-old child suffering from some spontaneous pain on primary molar, it is determined and this is non-vital what is the best treatment for that tooth: pulpectomy- keep it as a space maintainer

Two points of Frankford plane-Porion to orbitale

Minimum distance of the implant two vital tissue: Generally Implant is placed at least 2mm away from any vital structure and min 5 mm ANTERIOR to mental foramen because of anterior loop on inferior alveolar nerve

Order of treatment for mild to moderate chronic periodontitis: Mild: oral hygiene instructions, moderate: scaling and root planning

Minimal interval for Perio therapy. 1 month. 3 month 6 month 12 month. After periodontal treatment, the first recall visit should be scheduled at 3 months. With excellent plaque control and maintenance of periodontal health, the interval can be lengthened to 4-6

Questions on OSHA and their standards for blood

Questions on ethic principle, justice, non-malevolence, veracity, and beneficence.

Phases of periodontal therapy

Couple question on sensitivity and specificity of the disease: Sensitivity & Specificity

 

are INVERSELY proportional. As the specificity of a test increases, the sensitivity decreases. Sensitivity: ability of the test to diagnose correctly a condition or disease that actually exists. Sensitivity measures the proportion of people with a disease who are correctly identified by a positive test. Sensitivity is defined as the number of true positives (TP) divided by total number of potential positive findings (true positives and false negatives) in the sample. Sensitivity = TP/TP + FN.

Specificity: ability of the test to classify health. Specificity is defined by the number of true negative (TN) results divided by the total number of false positive (FP) + true negative (TN) results in a sample. Specificity = TN/FP + TN.

Question on type of studies for example case control randomized controlled

Few questions on chroma, Hue, value

Which is not risk factors of oral cancer: HIV, smoking, alcohol, HPV.

If a patient has an adverse reaction to medication who do you report to CDC, FDA, OSHA,

47.  Epstein-Barr virus is associated with what: BURKITT’S LYMPHOMA, Epstein-Barr Virus is also associated with infectious mononucleosis, & orally hairy leukoplakia. In Africa, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to Burkitt lymphoma, as well as to a form of acute lymphocytic leukemia. In the United States, EBV most often causes infectious mononucleosis (“mono”).

Oral Hair leukoplakia is most commonly found which which disease: HIV

Malignant carcinoma is associated with which gland parotid, sublingual, submandibular, minor oral salivary gland: Most series report that about 80% of parotid neoplasms are benign, with the relative proportion of malignancy increasing in the smaller

Frequency of cleft lip and palate in Caucasian

Which race is associated with occlusal caries white, blacks, Native Americans, Hispanic.

Length of manual toothbrush can penetrate sulcus close compared to floss

Which would be least effective and cleaning furcation, toothpick, soft brush, water pick, interdental brushes

Another few questions and furcation

Least favorable solvent to store avulsed Milk, saliva, water Hans solution.

Extraction order of maxillary posterior teeth: 3rd molar, 2nd molar, 1st molar

Extraction of manibular third molars in association with IAN canal

Which structure is least likely to show on intro oral radiographs Mundibular foramen, mental foramen, hamulus

Which radiograph is best to evaluate bone loss: Bitewing – Periapical Film- film of choice to evaluate root surfaces, supporting bone, and PDL space (not for occlusal or proximal caries).

Supernumeraries occur at which stage- initation.

Best test for patient with Inr, PT time etc.

Questions  on   adrenal   crisis.   Addison’s   Disease-caused   by   HYPOSECRETION   of aldosterone & cortisol. For adrenal crisis, treat with 2ml of cortisol (hydrocortisone) . Corticosteroids represent replacement only in Addison’s

Question bout space between palate and the metal frame try in but good fit on master What’s the reason. Shirnkage of alloy, distortion of master impression etc.

Space maintenance on pt missing mans lateral in overall spaced dentition

Indication for 3rd molar

 

Pain on biting and eating. Thermal and ept test normal. Sharp pain on MB cusp only and fine with biting on other – Fracture off mb cusp

Question bout crown

Most etiological factor for progression it periodontitis. Calculus, bacteria/biofilm Etiological: plaque( bac) – Contributing :calculus

Max denture extended to far buccally will get interference from- coronid

Soft tissue transillumination in young child to see. Siolathasis, leukemia, herpetic gingivistomatitis one more option I

Caries start Pits fissure, interproximally. Above contact point. Below contact point.

Which is not important when determine caries rate. Oral hygiene, frequency of carbohydrate, quantity of carbohydrates. Amount of cariogenic

Cervical cavity prep. Kidney shaped

How to test the root Softness, dicolouration. Two more options.

75.  Auriculotemporal nerve damage consequences. FREY’S SYNDROME (AURICULOTEMPORAL SYNDROME) – an unusual/uncommon phenomenon that arises due to damage of the auriculotemporal nerve and subsequent reinnervation of the sweat glands by parasympathetic salivary fibers. Frey’s syndrome can occur after surgery (i.e. removal of a parotid tumor, ramus of the mandible, or infection of the parotid that has damaged the auriculotemporal nerve (branch of V3). Gustatory sweating (sudoracion gustative) is the chief complaint. Patient exhibits flushing and sweating of the involved side of the face during eating.

Which is the antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with allergic to penicillin- Clindamycin

Drug that not reduce saliva. Propanol, atropine, scopolamine and one more which is similar to atropine

Most common type of Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis osteoporosis

Bout mandibular fracture and displacement: Fracture of angle of mandible displaced in which direction in edentuluous pt: Anterior and superior

Best test for pt on coumarin PT – INR

Facial height is divided into 3rds, 1/2,

 

Shreya’s post

 

 

 

 

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6UnG7gzscA&t=0s

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qnPz3Cvztvo&feature=youtu.be

 

	INTERFERENCES	CORRECTIONS
WORKING	BULL (INNER INCLINES) LUBL (OUTER INCLINES)	BULL (INNER INCLINES)
NON-WORKING	LUBL (INNER INCLINES)	LUBL (INNER INCLINES)
PROTRUSIVE	DU (DISTAL INCLINES FACIAL CUSP UPPER) ML (MESIAL INCLINES FACIAL CUSP LOWER)	DU (DISTAL INCLINES FACIAL CUSP UPPER) ML (MESIAL INCLINES FACIAL CUSP LOWER)
ENTRIC INTERFERENCE (FORWARD SLIDE)	MU (MESIAL INCLINES UPPER) DL (DISTAL INCLINES LOWER)	MU (MESIAL INCLINES UPPER) DL (DISTAL INCLINES LOWER)

 

Lingual cusp of upper molar hit lingual inclines of facial cusp of mandibular molars, which movement? Non working: Balancing side (non-working side) interferences generally occur on the inner aspect of the facial cusp of mandibular

Contact on lingual portion of buccal cusp of mandibular molar, what kind of interference? Non working

Wear facets on lingual inclines of maxillary lingual cusp and facial inclines of mandibular facial cusp on left side?

Left working interface

Protrusive interface

Right non working interface

d) Left working interface

Wear on buccal of maxillary premolars due to, due to mandibular movement?

working

nonworking

The mesiobuccal incline on the mesiobuccal cusp of mand molar has wear: this is because of movement in which direction(s) !!!

1.  Working and protrusive movement

Non working and protrusive movement

None of the above

Tooth 30 gold crown has wear located on the MB cusp of the MB incline, cause

A.  protrusive and working side movement

protrusive and non-working side movement

only protrusive

Non-working side movement

Max molar on mesial slope of mesial lingual cusp where do you have wear on lower teeth? Mesio buccal cusp of lower molar

The mesial angle of the ML of max 2nd molar occludes with what on the man 2nd molar

Mesial MB cusp

b. Distal MB cusp

Mesial DB cusp

Distal DB cusp

Which periodontal procedure we cannot do in AIDS patient? Flap

Which bur not used in porcelain? Carbide

Sublingual varicoses -age or hypertension: Age or hypertension – Varicosities or varices, are abnormally dilated and tortuous veins. Age appears to be and important etiologic factor because varices are rare in children but common in older adults. The most common type of oral varicosity is the sublingual varix, which occurs in two thirds of people older than 60 years of

Vertical root fracture common in which tooth: Mand 1 molar

 

Which bacteria cause elastase and collengase: P gingivalis

From where caries start to progress? inner surface, outer surface, DEJ, dentin

Kenedy class 3, type1, which would provide best stability? rest, baseplate, major connector, retainer – major connector for stability and especially single palatal or anterior posterior platat strap is used for class Primary function of rest is to provide vertical support and single palatal strap is indicated in Kennedy 3 for stabilization.

Radiographs for Paget’s disease? Lateral (Cotton wool appearance)

Which is not good for a 25 year old patient in a behaviour ,?!

A) operant conditioning B) carrotstix

Modified widman flap by primary or secondary? Primary when we approximate the ends, like flap and suture, secondary we leave it open with out approximation if ends , like tooth extraction, scaling and root plannig , gingivectomy. Two basic methods of wound healing (soft tissue): 1. Primary intention (also called primary closure): Involves minimal re-epithelialization and collagen formation, allowing the wound to be “sealed” within 24hrs. Healing occurs more rapidly with a lower risk of infection and with less scar formation and less tissue loss than wounds allowed to heal by secondary intention.  Examples  include:  well-repaired  and  well-reduced  bone  fractures.  2. Secondary intention (also called secondary closure): involves re-epithelialization via migration from wound edges, collagen deposition in the connective tissue, contracture, and remodeling. The site fills in with granulation tissue. Healing is slower and results in scarring and wound depression. Examples include: extraction sockets, poorly reduced fractures and large

19.  External bevel which used in gingivectomy is apical to pocket (junctional epi) but coronal to mucogingival junction. Internal bevel runs apical to the crest of alveolar bone , below mucogingival.

 

Infection of premolars drains to submand or subling? Buccal space, sublingual space and pterygomandibular

 

21.  Worst cantilever? Worst cantilever is central to lateral (not lateral to central) we always cantilever pontic to abutment

 

How to differentiate chronic apical abscess and chronic apical periodontitis?! Both are necrotic, so pulp vitality is negative, but for chronic apical periodontitis there may be slight tenderness to percussion or palpation

Initiallly caries bacteria? Stcococus, lactobacil, str salivarious, sangius?? For intial caries its streptococcus mutans, sanguis is initial bact in plaque

24.  How to decrease penumbra? To decrease penumbra use smaller focal spot, less film to object distance, increase target to film distance.

Incidence of oral cancer more on? Black male

White male

Thick cortical with dense trabecular bone? What type? D2, type two

Test with 2 continuous variable? Chi or T? 2 continuous variable: person correlation – 2 categorical variables: Chi square – 2 constant variable: linear

Percentage of N2O and O2? In dd surgery 2 cards mention its 60%, in ada website its 70%, couple of friends had the exam and same q its either 60% in options or 70% , so it will not come both options (For nitrous maximum 70% , and oxygen 30%)- For kids nitrous not exceed 50%

Nitrous oxide is contraindicated for children with sickle cell anemia? T or F

Fluoride highest value? max 3 ppm in DD pedo

Fluoride average value: systemic: 7-1.2 ppm

Healing after scaling and root planning – regeration, long junctional epithium, repair / Periosurgery – regeneration / Flap, by repair and forming long junctional epi – Srp is by new connective tissure

Bacteria in day 2: Gram + cocci and rod

Battle sign where? Mastoid echymosis, fracture of middle cranial fossa

What to do first in a patient with hearing ,?! Interpreter

Lymphoma in jaw name: burkitt’s lymphoma

Operative considerations to be taken in Albright syndrome? Bisphosphonates are used to prevent recurrent fractures and they act as antiresorptive agents

In kidney disease-cretine increase or decrease? Increase

Withdrawal of odontoblast process mainly in response to chemical, mechanical injury

Pigmentation related ,?!

1.  Albright syndrome

Neurofibromatosis

Which drugs Shouldn’t be taken during renal ,??? Aspirin, nsaids

Which is not imp about design, for frail women (weak and debilitated)? age, dextrity,ability to remove

Most retained deciduous: Primary 2nd molar

Definition of ductility: Deform under tensile strength – Malleability under compressive strength

Green colour change in porcelain indicates: silver

Toxic dose of fluoride.,???? 5mg/kg

Conditions where    we    have    to   use   anaesthesia    without   ,????

hypertension, multiple sclerosis, hyperthyroidism

In a class 2 patient with 8mm over jet, which surgery has to be ,?!

Genioplasty

maxillary setback

Sagital back

 

maxillary expansion

Rigidity or support nd rigidity or stability? For major connector its rigidity and stability

Radiolucency in primary molar at furcation area: extr/ pulpectomy?

Interaction bw meperdine nd mao? seizures, coma

Which is called whn pt charge several procedure at onces? Upcoding. bundling, unbundling, downcoading

Numbeness on right lower molar ,where trauma- angle, symphysis, condyle, coronoid

5mm intrusion in primary teeth what to do? No treatment and let the tooth to

Bone drill temp -29, 36, 57, 70

Lingual flange recorded by whom: Superior pharyngeal constrictor

Trismus which muscle: Massser if massetric space infection – Medial prerygoid due to IAN block puncture

What anesthesia posterior soft palate? Lesser palatine

Bur use to polish porcelain? Diamond

Antibiotics given in impacted tooth? Before extraction, after extraction, healing delayed, acute suppression

Aspirin should stop dts 81 mg before extraction? True or false – yes as in dd, stopped 7 days before extraction

Frequency of cleft lip nd palate in causacian is high true or false

Bill out for a core build up and crown and insurance says build up is only covered, what is this?

Bundeling Unbundling Upcoding

64. Downcoding

Dentist not reporting the waiver of copay to insurance

overbilling downcoding upcoding

bundling – unbundling

66. Downcoding is reimbursing less money than dentist deserves. Upcoding is charging more than total deserving. How it is different from bundling and unbundling? Bundling is terming multiple procedures as one and paying for that single one. Unbundling is separating / disintegrating single big procedure into several smaller ones and charging for each.

Multiple procedures cut down to increase  reimbursement

Unbundling B. Bundling C. Downcoding D. Upcoding

Unbunding: When dentist charge more than the actual benefits by charging a separate fee for each component

Upcoding: is fault practice where the doctor bill higher than what was done. Insurance company pays more than wat it has to pay

Downcoding- here the insurance company pays less by changing the code to a lesser cost procedure

Dentist has done two procedures but the third party pays only for one procedure what is it called a)underbilling b)overbilling c)upcoding d)downcoding

 

A study is designed to determine the relationship between emotional stress and To do this, the researchers used hospital records of patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease and patient diagnosed with other disorders over the period of time from January 2014- January 2017. The amount of emotional stress each patient is exposed to was determined from these records. This study is :

a Cross Sectional b Cohort

c Historical Cohort

d Clinical Trial e Case – Study

Which is true of intrapulpal

Produce anesthesia after 30 sec

It does not cause discomfort

3.  Produce anesthesia by pressure

Deep bite most common in caucasians race T/F

Open bite most common in Blacks T/F

Is thyroglossal duct cyst congenital? T

Which development cyst in the neck would move when u swallow – epidermoid, dermoid, thyroglossal

Intraligamentary LA needs an Antibiotic Prophylaxis in patients with risk of

T/F

Which antibiotic okay to give in myasthenia gravis

Penicillin Azithro Erythro Impenem

Which sterilization technique do not dull instruments? dry heat

Whats the most common tooth to erupt in a crossbite? Maxillary Lateral Incisor

Most common impacted anterior tooth— maxillary canine

Most common impacted tooth — lower 3rd molar then upper 3rd molar and maxillary canine then mnd 2nd pm

Most common supernumerary tooth — mesiodens

Most common ectopically erupted tooth — maxillary permanent first molar followed by canines – Man: canine & 2 pm

Most common malignancy of oral cavity—squamous cell carcinoma

Most common benign tumour of oral cavity — fibroma

Most common retained tooth – primary mandibular second molar

Most common recurring cyst— odontogenic keratocyst

Most common cyst in oral cavity— periapical cyst

Most common lichen planus- reticular lichen planus

Most common dermatosis to affect oral cavity- lichen planus

Most common chemical burn in oral cavity –aspirin burn

Most common topical fluoride in adults – stannous fluoride

Most common topical fluoride in children—23 APF gel.

Most common burshing technique- scrub technique

Most common developments cyst- nasopalati ne cyst

Most common complication of GA (op)-nausea

Most common used drug for petitmal epilepsy- no treatment

Most common used drug for grand mal – phenytoil

 

Most common drug used for temporal epilepsy- carbomezepine

Most common treatment for cyst – enucleation

Most common used clasp-simple circlet clasp

Most common used face bow in fpd- kinematic

Most common complication of RA involves TMJ-fibrous ankylosis

Most common salivary malignancy in children – mucoepidermoid

Most common salivary malignancy in palate area- ACC

Most common type of haemophilia— haemophilia A

Most common type of gingivitis in children— eruption gingivitis

Most common type of cerebral palsy is – athetoid/ spastic

Most common nerve involved in C sinus thrombosis – abducent nerve

Most common type of impaction —mesoangular

Most common benign epithelial tumour— papilloma

Most common complication of surgical extraction of lower third molar — loss of blood clot

Most common used instrument grasp — pen grasp

Most common susceptible tooth for caries— mandibular first molar

Most common contrast media – iodine in oil

Most common cause of light radiographs — exhausted developer

Most common cause of failure of RCT— inadequate cleaning and shaping – debridement

Most common isolated yeast strain from RCT— Candida

Most common bacteria found in root canals—- gram positive

Most common part of oral cavity affected by L planus –buccal

Amantadine for Parkinson D T/F (prevents dopamine reuptake)

Which type of study cannot be used to determine cause and effect? Cross sectional

Consent comes under the ethical principle? Autonomy

Pit and fissure sealant best retained on which teeth? max molars, mand molars,

max pms, mand pms

Which is the most common non odontogenic cyst in the oral cavity?

Nasopalatine

Clinically Lichen planus can be commonly confused with scc B.verruca vulgaris C.desquamative gingivitis D.histoplasmosis

Traumatic cyst treatment? Aspirational, Marsupialization, Curettage

For flexibility which clasp use- cast alloy, wroght wire, basemetal

 

Rima Gandhi’s post

 

Adrenal crisis:  Hypoglycemia,  hypotension,  syncope,  confusion,  slurred  speech.

Treatment is 100 mg hydrocortisone hemisuccinate

Allergic to LA: Allergic reactions to local anesthetic are usually caused by an antigen- antibody reaction (Type III). Administer dinphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Patient allergic to both Esters and amides – which Local Anesthetic would you use? A. No need of LA B. Ibuprofen IV C. NO sedation 4.Diphenhydramine

Hypertensive Does of LA? Epinephrine? 0.04 mg epinephrine.

Hypertensive emergency     –    mecamylamine     and     nitroglycerin                      (parenteral) hypertensive urgency – nifedipine (oral) – sublingual captopril in hypertensive crisis

Anaphylactic crisis: Epinephrine 0.3 mg IM or 0.1mg IV

Hypoglycemia: Conscious and unconscious pt: Conscious Orange juice – Unconscious IV 50% dextrose in water – Unconscious pt 1 mg glucagon IM

Or 50 ml of 50% glucose by rapid IV infusion

Acute asthma attack: Albuterol/oxygen

Acute asthma unconscious pt: Epinephrine

Hyperglycemia – insulin

Cardiac arrest: 911, Cpr, Oxygen then epi

Laryngospasm: Succinylcholine

CHF treatment: Diuretic, Inotropic, Vasodilator

Angina or heart attack: Sublingual nitroglycerin

14.  Syncope: Pallor first sign – Trendelenburg position – For pregnant pat- lay her on left side with right hip up

Lidocaine Symptoms and management: CNS depression and acute allergic rxns – treated with diazepam

16.  Diuretic pt. What to avoid Digoxin: People with heart failure who take digoxin are commonly given medicines called diuretics, which remove excess fluid from the body. Many diuretics can cause potassium loss. A low level of potassium in the body increase the risk of digitalis toxicity

Renal disease pt..what to avoid – Antibiotics of choice in such pt: Avoid mepridine aspirin Nsaids acetaminophen morphine

Myasthenia gravis pt – Antibiotics of choice – Treatment – Precaution: Penicillin, Contraindicated: mainly

Cerebral palsy or What to avoid: Antianxiety drugs

Parkinson disease: Levodopa carbidopa

Hearing . First to do: Get translator

 

Nbde Target’s Post

 

Small elevation around his anterior caries teeth? what it is ulcer or fistula ? Fistula

Posterior tongue in relation to occlusal plane while in rest? lower and retruded

Hepatitis which test: Hbs (surface) antigen

Circumferential clasp: generally used on a tooth–supported removable denture

Patient with Class II Kennedy PD, good oral hygiene and low caries index you would use: Circumferential clasp b. Back action clasp c. Cast clasp

Wrought wire: Wrought wire clasp have greater tensile strength than cast clasps and hence can be used in smaller diameters to provide greater flexibility without fatigue or fracture

White lesion who wore denture for 15 years? Old denture, adjust and check in one week.

Lesion with chronic inflammatory cells and epithelial lining filled with fibrous wall:

Granuloma – Cyst if continuous epithelial lining

Voice control doesn’t include – option 1) raising voice 2) gaining child attention? 3) mild punishment

Sulfonylurease moa: Increase insulin production

Size of radiolucency increase with tooth 8 which cannot be the reason 1) apical scar

2) change in angulation 3) proximity to incised canal 3) canal leakage

Schedule 2 drug: vicodin, percocet, hydrocodiene + ibuprofen ? better Percocet than Vicodin.

Draining pus from mandibular region which muscle news to be dissected? Abscess is drained by a horizontal incision, made 2–3 cm below the angle of mandible. Blunt dissection along the inner surface of medial pterygoid muscle towards styloid process is carried out and abscess A drain is inserted.

Coil spring for uprighting: open coil spring to upright a molar. Coil spring tends to “spin” premolars unless precautions are

A coil spring used over an arch wire segment to regain space should deliver a force of: A 40 to 60gms B 90 to 120gms C 150 to 300gms D 375 to 450gms

A buccal coil spring is used to regain space between 1st premolar & 1st molar. The most common post treatment complication is:

Pain B. Gingival irritation C. Tendency for the 1st molar to intrude Tendency for the 1st premolar to rotate

17.  What determines epithelium of graft? Donor epithelium – type of epithelium is determined by donor epithelium (either keratinised or nonkeratinized), epithelium is formed by recipients epithelium or donor basal cells.

Tachycardia seen in: Side effect from anticholinergic

Dental abnormalities in down syndrome > class 3 ear infection macroglossia

Initial symptom of HIS – herpes: fever, blister on lips

Moa of benzodiazepines? Enhance GABA – it facilitates the action of GABA

Not an advantage of distraction osteogenesis over osteotomies? Long time, require 2 appointment

Advantage of partially covered crown over fully covered? Less reduction of tooth structure, we can do pulp vitality test

 

24.  Tramadol/cyclobenzaprine adverse reaction with will be? Tramadol oral and cyclobenzaprine oral both increase affecting serotonin levels in the blood. Too much serotonin is a potentially life-threatening situation. Severe signs and symptoms include high blood pressure and increased heart rate that lead to shock.

International normalized ratio (INR) is closely related to prothrombin time (PT). PT and measures such as prothrombin ratio and IRN are measures of the extrinsic pathways of coagulation. The PT/INR are used to determine the clotting tendency of blood. The INR measures the effect of warfarin (Coumadin), a vitamin K antagonist, effects of vitamin K deficiency, on PT measures Dicoumarol (INN) or dicumarol (USAN)

Which antibiotic works on gingiva? I think question is asking about antibiotic bioavailability in gingiva: Doxycycline

27.  Automated defibrillator? Can be given when required, Discharge when needed. The modern automated external defibrillator (AED) abolishes the need for the operator to have ECG interpretation skills. Analize the ECG signal. They evaluate the frequency, amplitude, and shape of the ECG waves. They are designed to be used by people with little training. Automated external defibrillators are available for adult and pediatric patients.

Automated defibrilator, how does it work? a- monophase function b. 2 shocks c. contraindicated below 12 year old discharge when needed

29.  Which bacteria causes collangenase? “Clostridium perfringens” secretes collagenase, a proteinase of “Bacteroides gingivalis” has been reported to induce secretion of tissue collagenase, this is suggested to be involved in the etiology of periodontal disease. “Porphyromonas gingivalis” belongs to the phylum Bacteroidetes and is a nonmotile, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic, pathogenic bacterium.

15 year old has fever, malaise vesicle and lymphadenopathy? Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis: Initial infections of HSVI, in some patients, the initial infection with these viruses produces no noticeable clinical signs and can go undetected clinically. In other patients, however, the symptoms resulting from this initial infection can be quite severe, and it is these severe symptoms that are know as primary herpetic Gingivostomatitis. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is contagious and requires careful attention to prevent its spread. The initial infection with HSVI usually occurs in childen or in young adults, but it can occur at any age. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis signs: Oral pain, difficulty in eating and drinking, swollen, red, bleeding gingiva, painful oral ulcers, in the more severe clinical manifestation, this infection is associated with symptoms such as pain, elevated temperature, a vague feeling of discomfort (malaise), headache, and swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy).

Antiviral given oral for mucous and systemic diseases? Acyclovir

Gingival cord disadvantages? Technique sensitive as the instrument offers poor tactile sensation It can potentially damage the periodontium.

Gingival retraction cord is placed crown prep is completed and is removed

_____ final impression taken. A. After, after B. After, before – Before taking the final impression after the crown preparation is completed, retraction cord is placed into  the gingival sulcus to enable retraction of the soft tissue. The impression will more adequately include the cervical margin of the preparation.

Why do we need to keep sulcus dry when placing gingival retraction cord? Dry tissue makes it easier to see the details of the gingival tissue and place the retraction The use of chemomechanical tissue retraction involves a cord impregnated with a homeostatic agent such as epinephrine or aluminum chloride. The homeostatic agent

 

will assist by shrinking the tissue temporarily and controlling bleeding, but the displacement of the tissue is the primary method of action.

Opioid causes constipation through: 1-brain receptor 2-stomach receptor 3-spinal cord receptor  –  GIT  receptors:  Opoid  increase  nonpropulsive  contractions  in  the middle of the small intestine (jejunum) and decrease longitudinal propulsive peristalsis

– motions critical to moving food through the intestines. This results in food that fails to travel through the digestive tract thus constipation. Morphine and other opioids in GI: decreased peristalsis.

Somnolence: OPIOIDS

37.  Sequestrum seen in: A sequestrum is usually a complication of osteomyelitis and represents devascularisation of a portion of bone with necrosis and resorption of surrounding bone leaving a ‘floating’ piece. The sequestrum acts as a reservoir for infection and as it is avascular is not penetrated by antibiotics. It usually requires excision if cure is to be achieved. This is not seen only in osteomyelits, but also in eosinophilic granuloma, fibrosarcoma and lymphoma.

3mm crowding in year old: observe

If a child has 3mm crowding on the lower and permanent canines haven’t erupted, what do you do? Observe

Mand incisors crowding 3mm at 8 years: A.grind distal of primary mand canines B.extract primary mand canines Lingual arch and observe

Anterior teeth finish line? Subgingival

Tooth borne appliances: Bionator, activator, herbst etc

Tissue borne appliances: Functional appliance – Frankel

44.  Saw palmetto is contraindiacted with Coumadin, aspirin, blood thinners, anticoagulants. For surgery should discontinue use of saw palmetto at least 2 weeks before surgery due to the herb’s anticoagulant effects. Saw palmetto may interact with anticoagulants, antiplatelets, finasteride, hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Ginseng is contraindicatied with: Ginseng is contraindicated in acute infections, especially those involving fever and during anticoagulant

According to ADA classification for alloy, a noble alloy has more than —% nobel metal content? – 60% 2. – 75% 3. -25%

Large inlays and onlays comes under which classification of ADA ? A= CLASS 2

Porcelain adheres to metal primarily by which bond ? chemical bond (COVALENT BOND) – The mechanical bond is a physical interlocking of porcelain and metal   made possible by microscopic irregularities in the metal. How does porcelain bond to the alloy? Ceramic adheres to metal primarily by chemical

Standard ¾ crown preserves which area? Buccal

Butt joint is the BEST or POOREST type of finish line? Poorest

The path of insertion of anterior ¾ crown should parallel the long axis of the tooth ? T/F A = FALSE The path of insertion of anterior ¾ crown should parallel the incisal ½ – 2/3 of labial tooth not tooth’s long axis; if parallel to long axis, will cause more gold to be displayed

Which finish line is preferred on the Cast gold restoration? A= Chamfer

Acrylic resins EXPANDS when immersed in water & become DISTORTED when dried out??? T/F A= True

Heat (accelerator) decomposes what into free radicals which initiate polymerization of MMA to PMMA? A = benzoyl peroxide (initiator)

 

Porcelain veneer can be given In High Caries patient???? T/F A= False

Gold or Porcelain, which one is more preferred for bruxit patient ? A= Gold

Portion of pontic approximating ridge should be as convex as possible? True

Which type of pontic is best for esthetics? A= modified Ridge Lap

Which pontic are used in case of the concave ridges? A= Ovate pontic

Is it fine if the pontic contacts during non- working movement ? No, it should not

Pontic should be convex MD and concave FL? T/F A= True

What displaces gases & removes corrosion products by combining w/ them or reducing them? A= Flux (Borax)

Whats is the Ideal C:R Ratio for FPD? A= 1:2

In Case of mobile teeth in an aged patient splint natural teeth & implants in a FPD? T/F  A= No…… As the Implant has no PDL

Which is the most critical characteristic which is matched first in case of porcelain ?

A= Value (Brightness)

Which stain is most often used to change the Hue (shade) A= Orange

Labial Bar should be 3 or 5 mm below the ginivigal margin ? A = 3

In case of lower RPD which requires lessere gigival height ??? Ligual Bar or Lingual Plate? A= Linual Plate

If vestibuler is less than 5 mm than which is more preferred Lingual plate of lingual bar

? A= Lingual Plate

Indirect Retainers prevernts the horizontal dislodgement of the Ditsal extentions base? T/F A= false= Prevents Horizontal displacement

Which retainer are the most esthetic in RPD? Intra or Extracoronal ?  A= Intra

If patient has missing 4 teeth except mandibular incisor which one you will prefer? RPD or FPD ? = RPD

If denture falls when smiling, buccal notch& flange underextended ? False = Overextended

Most effective time to check phonetic ? Wax Try In

Average interocclusal space at rest ? = 3 mm

ExcessiveVDO= dec reeway space; DecreasedVDO=incr freewayspace??? T

Best impressurion technique for pt w/loose hyperplastic tissueis to register tissue in which position ??? Active or Passive ?? = Passive

What the role of Antifulx ? A =Restricts flow of solder soft graphite

Gypsum + Water= Endo or Exothermic ??? = Exothermic

MasseterMuscle–contracts or relaxes during swallowing? =Contracts

Which  is   not   Determinants   of   Occlusion:   1)TMJ,   2)Occlusal   Surface   of   teeth 3)Neuromuscular System 4) CO ?? = CO( Centric occlusion)

Who have more palatal tori ??? male or female?? = Female

Diabetes majorly impairs which cells ? RBC? WBC? PLATELT ? = WBC

My test questions 072017 – UMAIR SEYAL

Which immunoglobulin is concentrated in gingival clevicular fluid: IgG

Which of  the  following  does  NOT  present  itself  in  the  form  of  Macroglossia:

Hypoparathyroidism / hyperparathyroidism – hyperthyroidism.

Causes of Macroglossia:

Congenital hyperplasia/hypertrophy. Tumors—lymphangioma, vascular malformation, neurofibroma, multiple granular cell tumors, salivary gland tumors . Endocrine

 

abnormality. Acromegaly, cretinism. Infections obstructing lymphatics. Beckwith- Wiedemann syndrome. Macroglossia, exophthalmos, gigantism. Amyloidosis

HYPOTHYROIDISM: orofacial findings include facial myxedema, an enlarged tongue (macroglossia), compromised periodontal health. Amyloidosis, down syndrome, Beckwith – Wiedeman syndrome, cretinism (hypothyroidism)

Which of the following is not associated with Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome?

Fissured tongue B. Granulematous cheilitis C. Macroglossia D. Facial paralysis

*** Classical triad of syndrome include Fissured tongue, Granulematous cheilitis and Facial paralysis!

Working interference question: BULL rule – straight up asking about which cusps occlude where in working

Mandibular canal is on lingual of mandibular 3rd molar, by moving the x-ray sensor

inferiorly and x-ray direction superiorly which way will the canal appear to move: A) Apical, B) Mesial, C) Distal, D) Coronal…….I picked A because SLOB rule

Dentist makes an xray of pt 3 molar at 0 degree vertical angulation that looks like the superior border of mandibular canal contacts the apices of tooth. Dentist then makes another xray at -2 degree angulation that suggest that mandibular canal is separated from apices of 3 molar by several mm.Using information of these 2 xrays which is true about relation of mandibular canal to the root apices of 3 molar? Mandibular canal is: superior and facial 2. superior and lingual 3. in contact with root apices 4. inferior and facial

5. inferior and lingual

Informed consent can have all of the following EXCEPT: A) Informed consent must be presented in advance of the treatment. B) Informed consent must contain treatment options. C)  Informed  consent  must  be  in  written  form.  D)  Informed  consent  must contain risks and benefits of the treatment…..Weird right? I picked C – Consent may be given in either of two formats: express and

Which of the following are required informational elements for informed consent? (Choose all that ) A. Explanation of the procedure in understandable terms B. Reasons for the procedure and the benefits and risks of the procedure and anticipated outcome C. Any alternatives and their risks and benefits, including no treatment at all D. The costs of the procedure and the alternatives

Which of the following shows the best way of active listening? A) Rephrasing the listener’s understanding of speaker’s communication. B) Active eye contact. C) By sounding listener’s concern

Patient complains, “Why do I have to stay here for so long for you to do this, why can’t you finish it already?” A) Because that’s how treatment works you B) That’s how long it takes to provide quality care. C) It seems like you’re upset, may be we can reschedule you for another day for longer appointment. D) It seems you are upset, what are your concerns about the procedure we’re doing today?

Question on Type – I error, gave the test result value of 0.01 and the researchers rejected the null hypothesis, what kind of error? Type – I / Provability of rejecting Ho when, in fact, it is true. Accepting when it’s false is Type The possible values of the probability of a type 1 error range from 1% to 0.1%. If the study is very concerned with making a type 1 error, a lower value is used (0.01)

 

If the observed probability is less than or equal to .05 (5%), the null hypothesis is rejected (i.e., the observed outcome is judged to be incompatible with the notion of “no difference” or “no effect”), and the alternative hypothesis is adopted. In this case, the results are said to be “statistically significant.” If the observed probability is greater than 0.05 (5%), the decision is to accept the null hypothesis, and the results are called “not statistically significant” or simply NS—the notation often used in tables.

Patient says, “My teeth hurt when I brush them”, what is an appropriate response? don’t remember the options but it was easy one, something along the lines of oral hygiene instructions

Adolescent have trouble following OHI at home after getting braces. What is the most effective way to make sure they follow the cleaning regimen? A) Ask the parents to supervise B) Educate them about oral hygiene. C) Give them limited praise with good progress at each appointment.

Porcelain porosity: because of Inadequate condensation

What is the most common process by which the porosity of porcelain is reduced? 1- condensation 2- sintering-sintered

Amalgam failure: Water contamination

What do we write the consult for: A) To gain certain information B) To gain clearance

C) To have a better relationship with patient’s physician, of course , because why not

-_- Much is written on communicating with the patient to discover why they have consulted and to gain information about their illness.

Wheelchair bullshit was there too –Determine the patient’s needs, prepare the dental operatory, prepare the wheelchair, perform the two-person transfer, position the patient after the transfer, transfer from the dental chair to the wheelchair (use sliding, it means every dental office should have this sliding passage for weel chair )

What is the best method to transfer the dental “wheelchair” patient? sliding

Child starts throwing fits: Voice control

Mouth wash for disabled child? Naf or Chx or listerine? NaF

Disabled kid, best measure: Consistency

Unstimulated Salivary flow rate in an adult: A) 1L/min B) 0.1ml/ min C) 1L/min D) 10L/min

Unstimulated 0.1 – 0.5 ml/min – Stimulated >1ml/min (DD)

Stimulated Salivary flow rate in an adult: A) 10L/day B) 1L/day C) 5ml/day

Fluoride ppm in community water, average value: 0

Fluoride next to tooth: 4 minutes

Implant to implant: 3mm

Best Amalgam: High copper admix & spherical – smaller particle size results in higher strength, lower flow, and better carvability. Spherical amalgams high in cooper usually have the best tensile and compressive

Copper contents over 6% (high copper alloys) eliminate the gamma-two phase by forming a copper-tin phase resulting in superior

30.  Amalgam has a coefficient of thermal expansion approximately twice that of tooth structure.

The tensile strength of amalgam is about one-fifth (1/5) to one-eight (1/8) of its compressive

 

Most common gland involved in salivary gland tumors: Parotid

Middle-aged male has a fluctuant mass in the midline of neck: A) Thyroglossal duct cyst B) Brachial cleft

Question about  what  do  you  need  for  caries:  Bacteria,  supporting  carbs  and  a susceptible tooth

What else do S. mutans produce along with dextran after breaking down sucrose:

mucopolysaccharides B) macros    C) levans   D) proteins

Most common TMJ ankyloses caused by: A) Trauma B) Rheumatic arthritis C) random shit

Histo differentiation involves which of the following: Amelogenesis and dentinogenesis

Blue sclera: Osteogenesis imperfecta

Cleidocranial dysplasia characteristic: supernumerary teeth

Ectodermal dysplasia: oligodontia – anodontia or oligodontia (partial anodontia)

41.  Ectodermal dysplasia: scarce hair (Atrophic skin, defective hair, partial anodontia, & hypoplastic sweat glands.)

Patient smokes pipe and has red bumps on palate: Nicotine stomatitis

Pseudoepithilomatous hyperplasia a characteristic of: A) SCC B) Verrucous C) Pemphigus – Granular Cell Myoblastoma, The differential diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (usual type) mainly includes pseudoepitheliomatous

85yr old elderly patient’s son brings the consent form that has name of the legal guardian, what needs to be done before treatment? Contact the legal guardian who has the power of attorney to get consent of treatment

Nerve involved in Bell’s palsy: VII – facial nerve

4mm implant, how much do you need buccolingually: 6mm (1mm on each side)

Mandibular 3rd molar root lost: submandibular space

IAN block needle infection where: Pharyngeal, Pterygoid, medial pterygoid muscle – pterygomandibular space, PSA its pterygoid Masticator space infections are almost always of dental origin, especially from the mandibular molar region . *Needle tract infections after and IA block initially involve the pterygomandibular space.

Arch discrepancy after loss of which tooth: Mand 2nd molar

The  MOST  RAPID  LOSSES  IN  ARCH  PERIMETER  are  usually  due  to  a  MESIAL  TIPPING  & ROTATION of the permanent first molar after removal of the primary second molar. When the primary second molar is lost, ALWAYS MAINTAIN SPACE until the second premolar arrives.

 

Which of the following is clinical sign of Leukemia: Bleeding from gums, pale conjunctiva, fever

The research concludes that patients who use chlorhexidine have better oral health than those who do not, however, other researchers say there is not much difference in oral environment of those who use chlorhexidine or not? Paraphrased the question but you get the jest of it……Double Blind

High school kids have: Marginal gingivitis

Cardiac arrest in children: Respiratory depression

Veneer facial reduction – 5mm

PFM buccal margin depth – 3-1.5mm was the only option that made sense

 

Patient comes back after 1 year of composite restoration with pain and sensitivity: I picked Microleakage

Kid has occlusal caries on posterior molar which material will you use to restore: I picked Amalgam because it’s better than Composite resin, however, Resin saves more tooth structure sooooooo whatever floats your boat I

Endo and Perio diff: Pulp vitality test

Endo and Perio tx: Endo first followed by Perio

Acromegaly causes: Excessive growth of mandible

Radiograph to check integrity of Zygomatic arch: CT – Do not pick Lateral cephalometric (Submentovertex for fracture the best, but CT always better)

TMJ radiograph: MRI

MRI us used to view: disc of TMJ

Bechet’s syndrome associated with: Herpes simplex, Aphthous ulcers, Leukemia – Recurrent herpetiform consists of clusters and ulcers. Patients with frequent recurrences should be screened for diabetes mellitus or Bechet’s

Mechanical damage to teeth: Abfraction

Chemical damage to teeth: Erosion

67.  Bradycardia treatment: Atropine – Atropine is the first drug used to treat bradycardia in the bradycardia algorithm.

Which is NOT used to inhibit salivary secretion: Pilocarpine – In dentistry, cholinergics drug treat dry mouth (Xerostomia) by inducing salivation. Cholinergic drugs used are: Pilocarpine (Salagen)- a cholinergic agonist and alkaloid indicated to treat xerostomia caused by salivary gland hypofunction caused by radiotherapy for head and neck cancer by stimulating salivary flow. Common side effects: excess sweating, nausea, heartburn, and diarrhea due to the drug’s cholinergic nature. Cevimeline (Evoxac) – a cholinergic agonist indicated to treat xerostomia in patients with Sjogren’s Syndrome. Common side effects: increased sweating, nausea, heartburn, diarrhea due to the drug’s cholinergic nature. Specific for the M3 receptor on the salivary

Which is contraindicated in nitrous: nasal congestion

Target lesions: Erythema multiform

Radiograph to identify: the soft tissue tip of nose along the root tips of centrals

Radiograph to identify: external auditory meatus

Which of the following confirms the diagnosis of xerostomia: A) location of probing depths of >4mm. B) location of anterior (I picked this instead of A because chemotherapy causes xerostomia which leads to class V lesions) C) location of partial denture flange

Over titration of Amalgam leads to: reduced working time etc etc – the longer the trituration time the more

Buccal limit of mandibular denture: Masseter

Lingual limit of mandibular denture: mylohyoid, genioglossus, palatoglossal and superior

Case of mandibular denture and question about the efficient way of increasing retention of the denture, this patient had partial denture with only molars and she was

 

tight on money so I picked extending the buccal shelves into the vestibules a bit more because the denture flanges looked pretty short of the vestibule on both sides. There was an option for implant too but I did not go for it due to patient’s financial concern. Your choice really!

Cavernous thrombosis – infection via anterior triangle?? Canine space infections and deep temporal space infections can result in cavernous sinus thrombosis via the ophthalmic veins. (Mosby)

To anesthetize anterior teeth, which other injection would you have to administer on top of nasopalatine nerve block? ASA nerve block

Tooth mostly involved in perio relapse: Max 1st molar due to trifurcation

Maxillary first molar is the tooth most likely to benefit from occlusal sealant

One week after cementation of an MOD onlay on a maxillary molar adjacent to an existing amalgam, the patient reports sensitivity to cold and pressure of the The most likely cause is hyperocclusion.

Premolar with 3 roots: Max 1st

Which of  the  following  is  NOT  true  about  vertical  root  fracture:  a)  It  is  common occurrence in post and core teeth b) Extraction of the tooth is usually the only treatment for it – there was a third option but from what I recall it was a true statement so I went with this.

What’s the status of pulp when the pain goes away quickly following the removal of stimulus:

a) normal b) reversible pulpitis c) necrotic d) irreversible pulpitis

Fluoride form for kids under 3yrs of age: drops

Best place for implant: lower anterior

Warfarin and Coumadin test: a) PTT b) Prothrombin to thrombin c) Tissue factor 8

d) international normalized ratio

Oral hairy leukoplakia: filiform

Best solution to keep avulsed tooth in: Hank’s or whatever it’s called – HBSS – Hank’s Balanced Salt

Treatment for flared out front teeth of 7yr old: No treatment because of ugly duckling phase

Picture of flared out anteriors asking Class: Class II division I

93.  Opioids affect: Chemotactic  center  –  Opiates  have  been  demonstrated  to  reduce chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and the production of cytokines and chemokines.

Alkylating anticancer drug’s side effect: a) nephrotoxicity b) uric acid retention  c) bone marrow suppression – I thought bone suppression was the side effect of non- alkylating anticancer drugs yet I ended up picking this just because I felt like it. – an alkylating agent irreversibly inactivates cellular nucleic acids (DNA) and A chemotherapeutic drug (Alkylating Agent) with adverse effects of nausea and vomiting (75%-100%; dose-related), alopecia, xerostomia, and changes within the oral cavity tissues (i .e. mucositis). • Mucosititis – a common reaction to cancer chemotherapy involving inflammation of the mucous membranes. During chemotherapy and radiation therapy, mucosal tissues begin to desquamate and

 

ulcerate. The mucosal integrity is broken and is secondarily infected by oral flora. Palliative treatment is indicated for mucosititis.

Ginseng contraindicated for: salicyclic acid

Side effect of Zoloft: salivary hypofunction?? Selective Sserotonine Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIS): Fluoxetine (Prozac), Paroxetine (Paxil), Sertraline (Zoloft), Fluvoxamine (Luvox), Citalopram (Celexa) & Escitalopram (Lexapro). Adverse Effects: nausea, headache, anxiety, agitation, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction. SSRls do not have secondary anti-cholinergic effects, thus do not cause any significant dry mouth. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (i.e. Prozac) do not have an effect on NE in tissues and interaction with a vasoconstrictor like EPI is not a

Pseudomembranous colitis: Clindamycin usage

98.  Biotransformation definition – The interaction between a drug and the living organism in which the body brings about a chemical change in the drug. Biotransformation (or drug metabolism) Process of converting a drug into one or more metabolites.

First Pass Effect – Enteral Administration (via the intestine or GI tract):  Oral  route  is most known for its significant hepatic “FIRST PASS” metabolism. Oral Route Disadvantage: drugs must be absorbed (usually from the small intestine) before they can be transported to their site of Blood from the intestinal tract passes first to the liver (some drugs are metabolized in the liver “first-pass effect”, while others may be stored there to be released slowly). This consideration makes it clear that oral administration is not suitable in emergencies or other occasions when a rapid effect is needed. Emotional stress decreases the rate of absorption of a drug when given  orally.

Therapeutic effect: Safety

Which is False about medications taken parenterally (by injection)? They are  very reliable since you know exactly how much effect gastrointestinal system has on the ingested

Lack of indirect retainer: will result in denture being lifted away from tissue when pressed on one side

Tuberosity hitting retromolar pad: surgery on tuberosity

Why not use fovea as indicator for posterior limit: because you don’t want to block the minor salivary glands since fovea represents openings to those minor glands

When to remove the palatal torus: when it covers posterior palatal seal

Patient has a palatal torus that extends beyond posterior palatal seal into the soft palatal area. What will be the best course of action: Use horseshoe design to avoid the torus

Most common gland for sialolith: Submandibular

Most common salivary gland tumor: Pleomorphic

Gingival graft contraindicated when: a) pocket is below the alveolar crest b) pocket is below free gingival groove         c) excessive keratinized tissue

Patient swallowed a crown where is it most likely for it to end up: a) left bronchus b) right bronchus c) trachea         d) paranasal sinus

Picture to identify Fluorosis

Graft between same species but genetically different individual: Allograft

 

Anesthetic that is vasoconstrictor: Cocaine

Cross allergy for anesthetics: know esters and amides – For patients allergic to ester and amide local anesthetics, DIPHENHYDRAMINE is a safe and effective alternative. Lidocaine and Mepivacaine are most likely to show cross-allergy.

Which anesthetic is good without vasoconstrictor: Mepvicaine

Patient does not have tooth #11 and has all the premolars, which one has the Worst Prognosis: A) fixed bridge from #10-12. B) RPD with pontic for #11 – I picked this, however, I think I should have picked A, your call. C) Implants

Rifampin used for: tuberculosis

Penicillin moa: transpeptidase – Inhibits Transpeptidase, stage 3 in cell wall synthesis

Manic depression: lithium – Antimania drugs are used to treat manic-depressive illness. A. Drugs: 1. Lithium. 2. Carbamazepine. 3. Valproic acid. 4. Lamotrigine. B. Mechanisms of 1. Lithium works inside the cell to block conversion of inositol phosphate to inositol.

Parkinson’s: lack  of  dopamine  –  In  Parkinson’s  disease,  nerve  cells  in  the  BASAL GANGLIA DEGENERATE, causing decreased dopamine production.

Lidocaine: Ventricular arrhythmia – Ventricular arrhythmias can be treated by an intravenous injection of lidocaine

Lidocaine calculation question

Oral contraceptives failure: Rifampin – Rifampin lowers the effectiveness by decreasing the birth control hormone levels (ethinyl estradiol and progestin) in women taking oral

Aplastic Anemia:  Chloramphenicol  –  CHLORAMPHENICOL  (CHLOROMYCETIN)  –  a broad-spectrum antibiotic that can cause BONE MARROW DISTURBANCES (aplastic anemia) thus, has LIMITED USE due to its side effects.

Bone penetration, which drug: Clindamycin – For endodontic infections that do not respond to penicillin, clindamycin is recommended as it produces high bone levels, and is effective against anaerobic

Grand mal seizure: Phenytoin – Phenytoin (Oilantin)-treats tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures. Also, Carbamazepine (Tegretol) = Trigeminal neuralgia and tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal)

ADA recognizes as dental specialty: dental public health

Informed consent: Autonomy

Child has signs of abuse, you try to question the mother but she seems reluctant. What do you try to pay attention to while talking to her? Answer was something like pay attention to micro-expressions, you’ll know when you’ll see

Improvement after Endo treatment is most likey after: 1 year

Telling patient about risks and benefits of a treatment is a part of: Autonomy

 

Avneet G Aulakh’s RQs JULY 2017

 

Primary tooth has the most effect on space loss: Upper canine, Upper first molar, Upper second molar, Lower first molar, Lower second molar

Disadvantage of widman flap and know the procedure of widman flap

 

 

 

Horizontal incisions for full-thickness flaps— three horizontal incisions are usually associated with a full-thickness flap design. (1) The first is the internal bevel incision – depending on the goal, this incision can be made 0.5 to 1 mm from the free gingival margin (apically displaced flap), 1 to 2 mm from the free gingival margin (modifed Widman flap), or just coronal to the base of the pocket (undisplaced ap). It also is known as the reverse bevel incision. This incision removes the pocket lining, conserves the outer dimension of the gingiva, and produces a thin sharp flap margin that can be adapted to the bone – tooth junction. (2) The second is the crevicular incision — made from the base of the pocket to the crest of the alveolar bone. The combination of the internal bevel and crevicular incisions creates a collar of tissue around the teeth. (3) The third is the interdental incision —this inci- sion separates the collar of gingiva from the tooth. Reflection of the flap after placement of these three incisions allows for visualization of the alveolar bone. The modified Widman flap uses the three horizontal incisions described previously but is not reflected beyond the mucogingival line. This flap design allows for removal of the pocket lining and exposure of the tooth roots and alveolar bone but does not allow for apical repositioning of the flap.

Modified Widman flap is a replaced flap. T/F – A replaced flap (also called repositioned flap and modified Widman flap) is one that is repositioned in or near its original location

Which of the following is the best for alveolar bone and root debridement?

1) mucoperiosteal flaps 2) modified Widman flap 3) partial thickness flap

Three incisions are made in the modified Widman flap — internal bevel, crevicular, and interdental. It is designed to provide exposure of the tooth roots and alveolar bone.

Modified widman flap is an undisplaced flap? T/F –  THE  UNDISPLACED  FLAP  Ø  Most commonly performed type of periodontal surgery. Ø It differs from the modified Widman flap in that the soft tissue pocket wall is removed with the initial incision; thus it considered an internal bevel

Which graft uses the three horizontal incisions but is not reflected beyond the mucogingival line? A)Undisplaced flap B)Apically displaced flap C)Modified Widman flap D)Pedicle graft

Which would eliminate pockets? a) modified widman flap b) apically positioned flap

undisplaced flap

Which of the following flap techniques is used to eliminate or reduce pocket depth? select all that apply 1- modified widman flap 2- undisplaced flap 3- apically displaced flap – MWF – remove pocket lining not pocket depth, it says used in order to

 

simplify instrumentation and removal of the lining, the reduction in pocket depth is due to the healing shrinkage.

MWF: Facilitates instrumentation but does not attempt to reduce pocket depth. The modified Widman flap (MWF) facilitates instrumentation but does not attempt to reduce pocket depth. The reduction or elimination of pocket depth is the main purpose of two flap techniques: the undisplaced flap and the apically displaced flap. The decision of which to perform depends on two important anatomic landmarks: • Pocket depth • Location of the mucogingival junction *** These landmarks establish the presence and width of the attached gingiva, which is the basis for the decision. The modified widman flap has been described for exposing the root surfaces for meticulous instrumentation and for removal of the pocket lining. This flap uses the three horizontal incisions but is not reflected beyond the mucogingival line. Note: It is not intended to eliminate or reduce pocket depth, except for the reduction that occurs in healing by tissue shrinkage. The undisplaced (unrepositioned) flap, in addition to improving accessibility for instrumentation, removes the pocket wall, thereby reducing or eliminating the pocket. This is essentially an excisional procedure of the gingiva. Note: Currently, the undisplaced flap may be the most frequently performed type of periodontal surgery. It differs from the modified Widman flap in that the soft tissue pocket wall is removed with the initial incision; thus it may be considered an internal bevel gingivectomy.” The undisplaced flap and the gingivectomy are the two techniques that surgically remove the pocket wall. The apically displaced flap also improves accessibility and eliminates the pocket, but it does the latter by apically positioning the soft tissue wall of the pocket. Therefore, it preserves or increases the width of the attached gingiva by transforming the previously unattached keratinized pocket wall into attached tissue. Remember reduction or elimination of the pocket DEPTH: apically and undisplaced, and the 2 techniques to remove the pocket WALL is undisplaced and gingivectomy. dont get confuse.

Bacteria in red complex: P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, T. denticola

Predominant cells in GCF: GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID (GCF) – in health, GCF is a transudate that emerges from the gingival sulcus. GCF may contain a variety of enzymes and cells, particularly desquamating epithelium & neutrophils (PMN) being

shed through the sulcus. An increase in GCF flow is the first detectable sign of inflammation. Once inflammation has occurred, GCF is called inflammatory exudate which contains a higher level of serum proteins and leukocytes.

There were 3 ques regarding composite like composite is intact but discolored what will u do: In our study, 5% of the composite fillings with brown discolorations at the margin were caries free. That means, if there are discolorations of the margins of composite fillings without any evidence of decay, the filling does not need to be removed completely.

You have a class 3 composite that is fully functional, margins intact, just some discoloration at margins… what do you do? 1- replace it 2-cut 1mm and fill 3-just polishing

Which of the following causing discoloration along the gingival margin of a PFM crown? A) Copper B) silver – Gingival – copper – Anywhere else in the crown- silver

Whats the difference between Cementoma, cemento-osseous dysplasia and cementoblastoma? Cementoma = cemento osseus dysplasia = periapical cemental dysplasia , the lesion is within the bone , osseus deposition , it is a reactive lesion rather than neoplastic, response of periapical bone to some local factors (trauma

 

from occlusion), two or more teeth affected. – Cementoblastoma = true cementoma, is cemental deposition attached to the tooth most common in the mandible posterior, neoplasm,  always  radiopaque,  one  tooth.  –  Radiographically:  cementoblastoma: mand posterior teeth , integerated with the root of the tooth , can not differentiate the root from the lesion . Single tooth. Always opaque. To distinguish cementoblastoma forom condensing osteitis (CO) – in CO you can distinguish the root outline – Periapical cemento dysplasia (cemento osseous dysplasia): mand anterior teeth, the lesion is close to the root. 2 or more lesions must be there. The lesion has 3 stages 1) radioleucent 2) radiopaque pits 3) completly radiopaque.

Cemento osseous dysplasia … more in ant mand middle age African females … You have to choose exception – Clinical Features: occurs at the apex of vital anterior teeth, affecting women over age 30yrs (especially BLACK women) more than Asymptomatic, usually multiple, small periapical areas of radiolucency in the mandibular incisor area. Depending on the stage, a cementoma may appear radiolucent, mixed radiolucent & radiopaque, or completely radiopaque.

18.  Cleft palate, mand hypoplasia and tongue obstruction – PIERRE-ROBIN SYNDROME – an inherited disorder with the following findings in the NEONATE: Micrognathia- smallness of the jaws. Glossoptosis – downward displacement or retracted tongue. Breathing problems & Cleft Palate. PIERRE ROBIN SYNDROME – a hereditary disorder that presents micrognathia (smallness of the jaws), glossoptosis (downward displacement or retraction of the tongue), & a high-arched or cleft palate. Most children require orthodontics.

Conditions associated with multiple supernumerary teeth: Gardener’s syndrome, Down’s syndrome, Cleidocranial dysplasia, & Sturge-Weber

Polyps is seen is which of the following condition? A) Garden syndrome. B) Petuz jegher. C) Crohn’s. D) All of the

Which is related to taurodontism 1. cleidocranial dysplasia 2. gardener syndrome downs syndrome 4. amelogenesis imperfect, ONLY TYPE IV

Multiple Osteomas of jaw are seen in: a. Gorlin Goltz syndrome b. Peutz Jeghers gardener syndrome d. cleidocranial dysplasia – Gardner’s…in A we would see multiple OKCs

Cafe ul lait is seen in: gorlin syndrome B. gardeners syndrome C. PJS (peutz jeghers syndrome) D all

24.  Gardener syndrome: Clinical – osteomas, odontomas, fibromas, epidermal cysts, supernumerary/ impacted teeth, intestinal polyposis (very serious complication) – R/g

— multiple osteomas which give COTTON WOOL APPEARANCE.

What is common in gardener syndrome and cleidocranial syndrome?? 1. intestinal polyps intraoral pigmentation 3. impacted supernumerary teeth 4. osteoma of skull and jaw

26.  Neurofibromatosus – for syndromes they gave u option u have to recognize – VON RECKLINGHAUSEN’S DISEASE (NEUROFIBROMATOSIS) – the most outstanding feature is NEUROFIBROMATOSIS (condition of multiple tumors of nerve tissue origin). VRD is a relatively common inherited autosomal dominant trait characterized by multiple neurofibromas, cutaneous cafe-au-Iait macules, bone abnormalities, & CNS changes. Clinical Signs: presence of 6 or more cafe-au-Iait macules > 1.5cm in diameter indicates VRD unless proven otherwise. Treatment: there is no satisfactory treatment. The lesions run a high-risk of transforming into a malignancy. A single neurofibroma presents at any age as a non-inflamed, asymptomatic nodule that occurs on the

 

tongue, buccal mucosa, & vestibule. This single nodule is removed by surgical excision, and rarely occurs. Cafe au lait spots, axillary freckling, lisch spots (iris spots).

Pt (young child) w/nodules on right side of tongue that are fluid filled the rest of the mouth is WNL(within normal limits)no other systemic signs. A neurofibromatosis B Lymphangioma C Granular cell tumour

Café au lait is seen in all except which one? a) Fibrous Dysplasia b) Neurofibromatosis Type 1 c) Melkerrson-Rosenthal syndrome d) McCune Albright Syndrome

There was picture with multiple periapical radiolucencies – for answered cemebto osseous dysplasia may be the Florida Periapical Cemental Dysplasia (periapical cement – osseous dysplasia): The most common presentation is a middle age female with multiple periapical radiolucencies in relation to lower anterior teeth.

30.  What make penicillin allergic: beta lactam ring, which causes the allergy. Sometimes, patients with penicillin allergy produce the IgE antibody to the side chain of the drug and not to the beta-lactam ring

Montelukast (Singulair) is a bronchodilator used for asthmatic attach by which mechanism of  action:  A.  Histamine  competitive  antagonism  B.  Beta  2  adrenergic agonism Baroreceptor reflex D. Leukotrienes receptor antagonism – antagonizes leukotriene receptors thus dreasing bronchoconstriction and inflammation

Antidepressants serotonin: Tricyclic antidepressants are generally considered to be the drugs of first choice for treatment of depression. These drugs inhibit the neuronal reuptake of  NE  and  SEROTONIN  in  the  brain.  It  inhibits  the  reuptake  that  means antidepressants make serotonin stay in brain for a longer

Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor drug with the longest half-life (SSRI)? Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Which two groups of antidepressant drugs has the highest incidence of dry mouth? 1)Tricyclic antidepressant 2) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 3)serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors 4)MAO inhibitors – DD#56 These two categories of antidepressant drugs induce significant dry mouth in up to 75% of patients taking these medications. These effects are due to the secondary anticholinergic nature of these

Girl with gingival bleeding and recurrent infection – leukemia – Acute lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemia-largely confined to children (it is the most common leukemia in children. Lymph node enlargement is common. In 75% of cases, the lymphocytes are neither B nor T cells, but are called “null” cells. Bone and joint pain are common in

Least recurrence options were AOT, odontogenic myxoma, ameloblastoma, okc – The AOT (ADENOMATOID ODONTOGENIC TUMOR) is a benign epithelial tumor with a dense fibrous connective tissue capsule, which does not recur once

Which of the following isn’t developmental: a) OKC b)AOT c)dentigerous cyst

d)          residual cyst

Questiom regarding dentist and placebo I had no idea ..

Dentures major  connector  function:  Major  connectors:  The  function  of  the  major connector is to connect all the RDP components of one side of the arch with the opposite side to unite Provides stability to resist displacement while in function. Major connector should be rigid and not be  placed on movable tissue. Undercut  areas and soft and bony prominences (e.g., tori, median palatal suture) should be avoided, removed, or relieved, depending on the severity. Relief should be provided

 

to prevent tissue impingement secondary to distal extension denture rotation.

RESTS – the primary purpose of any rest (occlusal, cingulum, or incisal) is to provide

VERTICAL SUPPORT for the RPD.

 

A minor connector is a rigid component that connects the major connector or base with other components of the partial denture such as rests, indirect retainers, and clasps.

Lingual Bar-more popular than a labial bar. A lingual bar is placed so its upper border is at least 4mm below the gingival margins. When severely tipped premolars and molars are present, an alternate framework design or crowns are recommended. Lingually inclined mandibular premolars interfere most frequently with mandibular major

Lingual Plate- a lingual bar that has been extended upward to cover the cingula and interproximal spaces between mandibular anterior teeth. It should be thin and follow the contours of the teeth and embrasures. The upper border should be located at the middle 1/3 of the lingual surface of the teeth and extend upward to cover interproximal spaces to the contact point. Severe anterior crowding is a contraindication for using a

ADA classifies alloys as follows: Type I: used for small inlays. Type II: larger inlays &onlays.

Type III:onlays, crowns, and short-span FPDs. Type IV: thin veneer crowns, long-span FPDs &RPDs.

Where to place rest: occlusal, cingulum (lingual), or incisal

What happen if temp of developing solution is too high: reduces development time. Set timer—typically 5 minutes at 68° F. shows effect of temperature on development time.

Developers (1) Phenidone is as the first electron donor that reduces silver ions to metallic silver at the latent image site. (2) Hydroquinone provides an electron to reduce oxidized phenidone back to its original active state so that it can continue to reduce silver halide grains to metallic silver.

 

8yr old boy ..crowding in incisors …canines r yet to erupt ..what to do ?? extraction of primary canines ..stripping ..place lingual Arch and observe

Space maintenance (in cases where primary teeth have been lost and  space  is  otherwise adequate). a. Band and loop. b.Distal shoe (before eruption of a  permanent molar). c. Lingual arch. d. Nance appliance (maxillary arch). Space regaining (localized space loss)— indicated when space loss is minor (<3 mm): Removable appliance with finger springs to tip teeth distally, Headgear (for the maxillary arch), Activated lingual arch (for the mandibular arch), Lip bumper (for the mandibular  arch),  Limited  fixed  appliances:  Followed  by  placement  of  a  space maintainer after space is regained.

Moderate crowding (<4mm): arch expansion (this is a controversial topic), extraction of primary canines: Borrows space until permanent teeth erupt. Lingual arch necessary if mandibular primary canines are extracted because the permanent incisors will upright lingually and space will be lost. Severe crowding (>4mm): serial extraction – usually reserved for large space discrepancies (>10mm per arch)

Sequence of (a) Extraction of primary incisors, if necessary. (b) Extraction of primary canines to allow permanent incisors to erupt and align. c) Extraction of primary 1rst molars to encourage eruption of the permanent 1rst premolar (ideally, before the permanent canine erupts). (d) Extraction of permanent 1rst premolars to allow the permanent canine to erupt and align.

Best way to gain max info about pain..options were tell me about ur past dental experience ….so this hurts u ….I answered 1 one on the basis v shouldn’t ask direct ques

Spontaneous pain at night pt wake up..had lingering pain from cold from a week options were irreversible pulpits or pulp necrosia – NECROTIC PULP (PULP DEATH) – may have no painful symptoms and does not respond to EPT at any current level, but the tooth sometimes responds to heat, but will not respond to A tooth affected with a necrotic pulp may have no painful symptoms and may appear discolored. EPT is valuable because there will be no response at any current level. Treatment: RCT or extraction.

Patient was having diastema …in que they ask what is that radiolucencies between upper incisors …. Options were intermax suture inciaive canal and follicle of mesiodense: incisive foramen – A small ovoid or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors / superior foramina – Two small round radiolucencies located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors / median palatal suture – A thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors

There was questions on impression material regarding their hydrophobic and phillic I

don’t remember exactly

Inc water powder ratio in gypsum does what: Water-Powder Ratio: this is an important factor in determining physical When a high proportion of water is used, the powder particles are farther apart, resulting in less expansion with a retarded setting time and weaker product. Dental plaster requires 2x more water has a higher setting expansion than dental stone. • When mixing gypsum products always SPRINKLE the powder into the water to produce better powder mixing and to reduce air bubbles. • When gypsum products are mixed with water, heat is given off (exothermic reaction)• Exposure of a stone cast to tap water should be minimized to prevent eroding of the cast. Water Temperature: colder the water, the LONGER setting time.

Simple ques regarding pulpectomy

 

I had couple questions to differentiate between irreversible pulpits and pulp necrosis

…so learn their sign and symptoms well

Porcelain adheres  to  metal  primarily  by  a  CHEMICAL  BOND.  A  covalent  bond  is established by sharing 02 with elements present in the porcelain (silicon dioxide (Si02) and metal alloy (oxidizing elements like silicon, indium, &iridium).

Resistance form in a cavity preparation is achieved by pulpal and gingival walls perpendicular to occlusal forces and proper angulation of cavity

Which bur is not good for porcelain?????

Distance between implants 3mm, 5 implant – tooth, implant 4mm width.

Adv of implant over fpd

Less recurrent caries propioception there were two more options I forgot

5mm intrusion of primary tooth – Unless it can be determined that the primary tooth is impinging on the permanent successor, intruded primary teeth are left alone in the hopes that they will spontaneously Intruded permanent teeth have a poorer prognosis. If there is an open apex, an intruded permanent tooth should be closely monitored for spontaneous eruption. An intruded permanent tooth with a closed apex should be repositioned orthodontically, and a calcium hydroxide pulpectomy should be per- formed 2 weeks after the injury.

A 4-year-old had traumatic intrusion of tooth E, and 50% of the crown is What is the treatment? A. Reposition, splint, and endodontics /react-text B. Reposition, splint, and formocresol pulpotomy /react-text C. Reposition and splint /react-text D. None of the above – Wait for spontaneous reeruption. DD SAYS FOR NATIONAL BOARDS

 

ANSWER NO TREATMENT AND LET IT REERUPT

Sodium hypochlorite  properties:  Sodium  hypochlorite  (NaOCl).  a.  Indications.   (1) Disinfection of root (2) Dissolving organic matter — proteolytic material. (3) Does not remove smear layer. (4) Concentrations vary from 0.5% to 6%.

After crown on mand molar mandible gets deflected to working side ..They ask u to mention cusp and inclines of mandible involved

Best way to decrease fear of child. I said sit down to child’s level – When treating a child who is obviously afraid, the dentist should permit the child to express his fear (identify the fear). All behavioral patterns are motivated by anger and The crying child is NOT an abnormal child. Anger is easier to treat than fear. Fear is most likely exhibited by a young child on his first visit to the dentist, and is related to anxiety over being separated from a parent. The PARENT (not the dentist, has the greatest influence on the child’s reaction at this initial visit. Child Control Techniques: Angry Child: Separate the parent and child, and place the child in the chair abruptly and be firm. Use “hand-over-mouth” technique (HOME) after getting the parent’s permission! Display authority and command the child’s respect by continuing with treatment even if he/she is uncooperative. Comfort the parent at the end of the visit, and compliment the child at the end of the visit. Fearful Child: • Have the parent stand quietly behind the chair. • Dentist must be consistent in tonal quality. • Allow the child to express his fears (identify the fear). • Change the child’s focus off fear. • Lastly, sedation. Tell- Show-Do.

A S2-year old women requests extraction of a painful mandibular 2nd molar. She tells you she has not rested for two days and nights because of the pain. Her medical history is unremarkable, except that she takes 20mg of Prednisone daily for Erythema To treat this patient, you would give steroid supplementation and remove the tooth with local anesthesia and sedation. • The fear here is that the patient may not have sufficient adrenal cortex secretion (adrenal insufficiency) to withstand the stress of an extraction without taking additional steroids (this hold true for any patient treated for any disease with steroid therapy). • Erythema Multiforme- hypersensitivity syndrome characterized by polymorphous eruption and mucous membranes. Macules, papules, nodules, vesicles, or bullae and target (“bulls-eye-shaped”) lesions are seen. A severe form of this condition is “Stevens-Johnson Syndrome”. These patients may be receiving moderate doses of systemic corticosteroids, thus may be unable to withstand the stress of an extraction. Consultation with their physician is absolutely necessary before treating these patients.

Dentist asks a child u want me to help you to sit on the chair …how to define this situation one option was

Helplessness – rest I don’t remember

70.  Tooth most involved in vrf: incomplete fracture – mandibular first molar. Horizontal root fractures occur more commonly in maxillary central incisors and result from the direct application of traumatic force to the face, alveolar processes, or teeth. In contrast, vertical fractures usually involve the molar teeth in adults. Mandibular molars and maxillary premolars are the teeth that most frequently have occult vertical root fractures. Max/mand PMs, mesial root of mandibular molars, mandibular incisors, mesio buccal root of maxillary molars. Demographic studies have shown that the most common teeth implicated in vertical fracture are mandibular first and second molars (42% of all fractures).

A tooth with a vertical root fracture has a POOR Studies show most vertical

 

root fractures are caused by using too much condensation force during obturation with gutta-percha. Vertical root fracture has a poor prognosis. 1. Occurs along the long axis of the tooth. 2. Often associated with a severe periodontal pocket in an otherwise periodontally sound dentition. 3. Can be associated with a sinus tract. 4. Can be associated with a lateral radiolucency extending to the apical portion of the root fracture. 5. A fracture can be identified only with visualization, and surgery is often necessary to confirm the fracture. C. How vertical fractures occur. Can occur after the cementation of a post. 2. Can be the sequela of excessive condensation forces during obturation of an underprepared or overpre- pared canal. a. Prevent fracture via appropriate canal preparation. b. Prevent fracture via balanced pressure of condensation forces during obturation. D. Treatment of vertical root fractures. 1. Removal of the involved root in multirooted teeth or extraction. Results in extraction of single-rooted teeth.

Most important in prognosis of tooth …clinical attachment – The MOST critical factor to determine if a tooth should be extracted or have surgery (prognosis) is AMOUNT OF ATTACHMENT LOSS (the amount of apical migration of the epithelium attachment). Amount of attachment loss is the most important factor in the determination of a prognosis of a tooth with periodontal disease (more accurate than probing depth, tooth mobility, and presence of furcation involvement).

Gingivectomy CI and technique: GINGIVECTOMY – surgical procedure that eliminates pocket depth by resecting the tissue coronal to the pocket The final aspect of the gingivectomy is to bevel (contour) the wound’s coronal margin to provide the most physiological shape and marginal thickness so adequate oral hygiene techniques  can  be  performed.  Indications:  treating  pseudopockets,  hereditary gingival enlargement, suprabony pockets, and hyperplasia caused by Dilantin therapy.  Contraindications: infrabony pockets (defects) and lack of attached tissue. Limitations include compromised esthetics with longer teeth, lack of access to bony defects, and having a broad, open wound post-surgically. Factors to consider when electing to perform a gingivectomy rather than a periodontal flap: pocket depth (if the base of the pocket is located at the mucogingival junction or apical to the alveolar crest, do not perform a gingivectomy); need for access to bone; and amount of existing attached gingiva.

There was a question regarding pain on biting ..I answered cracked tooth – Prolonged sensitivity to heat, cold, and pressure after cementing a crown or fixed bridge is usually related to OCCLUSAL TRAUMA. If CR occlusion is high, patient complain of cold sensitivity and pain on biting down Endodontically treated teeth restored with a cast post, core, and crown are subjected to the high incidence of VERTICAL ROOT  FRACTURE. The  main  symptom  is  almost  always  PAIN  WHEN  BITING,  and  the radiograph usually appears normal.

Adv of stainless steel over ni titanium: SS files r more fracture resistant than Ni-Ti files

 

 

 

Maxillary Incisors &Canines: ALL have 1 root, 1 canal, & a distal axial inclination. Thus, when penetrating along the long axis of the tooth, the bur must be slightly angled toward the distal surface to avoid perforation of the mesial portion of the (DD)

MOD amalgam …fracture on occlusal surface but not at isthmus wat to do …options were polished out of occlusio..n observe .. take mo re do piece separate and rest I forgot –  Fracture  of  a  Class  II  amalgam  restoration  at  the  junction  between  the occlusal and proximal portions is the result of inadequate resistance form. When placing a Class II amalgam in a primary tooth, with isthmus width should be 1/3 of the inter- cuspal If an amalgam fracture occurs, it is most likely to occur here. A successful amalgam restoration requires 90- degree amalgam margins. Amalgam margins less than 90 degrees result in increased potential for fracture of the amalgam. Greater than 90-degree amalgam margins are good for the amalgam, but the corresponding enamel margin is less than 90 degrees and potentially undermined   and prone to fracture. Because the amalgam is not bonded to the tooth, it must be retained in the tooth with under- cuts, in either the primary or the secondary preparation. An amalgam restoration needs a minimum 1-mm thickness in nonstress areas and 1.5- to 2-mm thickness in areas that may be under load. The preparation must provide this dimension. Except for class V amalgams, the prepared walls generally converge to the exterior.

Shape of mand access prep: Mandibular central incisors and canines – OVAL, mandibular PMs – OVAL, mandibular molars –

If pt injects LA intravs wat will happen ..there was an option tachycardia I answered that – LIDOCAINE is  the  local  anesthetic  that  may  manifest  its  toxicity  clinically  by initial depression and drowsiness (rather than stimulation and convulsion). The initial effect on the brain for local anesthetics is usually stimulation, then depression. However, it is possible that the excitatory phase of the reaction may be extremely brief, or may not occur (this is true especially with lidocaine and mepivacaine) causing patients to feel *lidocaine & Mepivacaine can also show cross- allergenicity. Usually, the FIRST clinical sign of mild lidocaine toxicity is NERVOUSNESS. Mild toxicity can be caused by an intravascular injection, unusually rapid absorption, or too large a total dose of the local anesthetic. Clinical manifestations of a mild lidocaine toxicity related to CNS excitation. Nervousness (increased anxiety), talkativeness, muscular twitching, perioral numbness, increased HR, BP, RR. Lidocaine

 

can skip the excitatory phase and go straight to the depression phase (drowsiness). If the clinical manifestations do not progress beyond these signs with retention of consciousness, no definitive therapy is needed. The lidocaine will  undergo redistribution and biotransformation, and the blood level will fall below the toxic level in a short time. Treatment of a sustained convulsive reaction to a local anesthetic includes oxygen and Diazepam IV. If proper equipment and adequately trained staff are unavailable, do not attempt injections.  Possible side effects of lidocaine systemic absorption (not necessarily toxic levels) are tonic-clonic convulsions, respiratory depression, and decreased CO.

EPI treats bronchospasm associated with hypotension (i.e. anaphylaxis). EPI is the agent of choice to treat/reverse anaphylactic reactions (given sublingually or subcutaneously) because it has desirable vasopressor activity, bronchodilator properties, and has a rapid onset of action. EPI has stimulatory effects on a & b adrenergic receptors. EPI treats hypersensitivity reactions. Common EPI side effects: headaches, agitation (anxiety), and tachycardia. EPI is used with caution in patients with high BP and hyperthyroidism. These patients may have an increased sensitivity to EPI.

The major reason that EPI vasoconstrictor is added to local anesthetics is to prolong the activity/duration of the local anesthetic (anesthesia) by decreasing the rate of diffusion and absorption from the injection site. EPI is ineffective in treating hypotension because of its alpha receptor stimulatory actions on the vasculature which could cause an even further elevation of BP. EPI does not reduce anxiety, but increases anxiety because it has CNS stimulatory

They give childs age and asked for max dosage of lidocaine …multiply it with 4 * kg

How to differentiate between apical and perio abscess

Remember drugs that Dec salivation: Anticholinergic drugs block receptor sites for acetylcholine and decrease salivary flow and respiratory secretions during surgery. Scopolamine, Atropine, and Benztropine decrease saliva flow and secretion from respiratory glands during general anesthesia. Decrease saliva flow during dental procedures (anti-sialogue) and the secretion from respiratory glands during general anesthesia: Atropine is the most commonly used anti-cholinergic drug for these purposes. Scopolamine penetrates the CNS more readily than Atropine, but is rarely used. A patient pre-medicated with Atropine will exhibit mydriasis (dilated pupils).

Ledge wat to do – bypass it and continue with …use larger file to get rid of it…use bur to get rid of it … Prebend the tip of a small file, lubricate, and try to negotiate around the ledge. Ledges can sometimes be bypassed; the canal coronal to the ledge must be sufficiently straightened to allow a file to operate effectively. This straightening may be achieved by anticurvature filing (file away from the curve). The dentist pre- curves the lfie severely at the tip and uses it to probe gently past the ledge. Otherwise, the dentist cleans to the ledge and fills; the patient is warned of the poorer prognosis.

What band and loop does provide ..vertical stop – “Band &Loop” Space Maintainer- most often used when the PRIMARY FIRST MOLAR must be prematurely extracted. Used after a unilateral loss of a primary first It consists of a band that is usually cemented to a primary second molar. Attached to the band is a loop that extends to the canine’s distal surface.The loop prevents mesial migration of the primary second molar. Note: limited strength allows only single tooth-space maintenance.

Space Maintenance:  A  9  year  old  patient  had  an  extraction  of  the  primary

 

mandibular first molar. The ideal treatment at this time is PLACE ASPACE MAINTAINER. Although this can be done with ei- ther fixed or removable appliances, fixed appliances are preferred in most situations because they eliminate the factor of patient cooperation. If the space is unilateral, it can be managed by a unilat- eral fixed appliance (“band & loop” space maintainer). If molars on both sides have been lost, and the permanent incisors have erupted, it is usually better to place a lingual arch space maintainer.

Collagenase and  elastase  by  which  bacteria:  Porphyromonas  gingivalis  –  Plaque bacteria produces ENZYMES (hyaluronidase, collagenase, chondroitin sulfatase, elastase, andproteases) that may initiate periodontal disease. • Collagenase- enzyme produced by Bacteroides species that catalyzes collagen degradation (hydrolysis). Hyaluronidase-enzyme produced by Streptococcus mitans & salivarius that destroys the amorphous ground substance. • Chondroitin Sulfatase-enzyme produced by Diptheroids that also destroys amorphous ground substance.

Bacteria in 2 day of plaque – Bacterial Colonization: Gram + rods and cocci – DD: Cocci still dominate but there are increasing numbers of filamentous forms and slender Gradually the filamentous forms replace many of cocci.

Within a short time after cleaning a tooth, the pellicle coated tooth surface is colonized  by gram (+) bacteria (i.e. Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans, & Actinomyces viscosus – rods). These are the primary colonizers. 1. Primary Plaque Colonizers: DAY 1- GRAM (+) facultative bacteria that are the constituents of EARLY (YOUNG) plaque, appearing within a short time after cleaning a tooth. Streptococcus sanquis, Streptococcus mutans, & Actinomyces viscosus. 2. Secondary Plaque Colonizers: are GRAM (-) bacteria (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, & Capnocytophaga species). Tertiary Plaque Colonizers: consists of GRAM (-), ANAEROBIC RODS that appear 1 week after plaque accumulation (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans/AA, and oral spirochetes (Treponema species).

There we’re 2 que regarding cervical burnout: CERVICAL BURNOUT (due to decreased X-ray absorption) – a phenomenon caused by relatively low x-ray absorption on the mesial or distal surfaces of teeth, between the edges of the enamel and adjacent crest of the alveolar Because of this diminished x-ray absorption, these areas appear relatively radiolucent will ill-defined margins. It is caused by the normal configuration of the affected teeth (CEJ) which results in decreased x-ray absorption in those areas. These radiolucencies should be anticipated when viewing x-rays of almost any tooth, and must not be mistaken for a carious lesion.

Pt had less caries risk .. having stains and catch ..wat to do …observe or gic

40 yr pt with all 32 teeth no cavities . Has stain and catch in pit of molar ? What u do?

A. Watch and observe

They ask u to recognize plaque in radiographs

Most common area for caries …pit and fissure or apical to contact ….

Angle of instruments in SRP (Scale & Root Planing): Angulation refers to the angle between the face of the bladed instrument and the tooth During scaling and root planning, optimal angulation is between 45 and 90 degrees. For subgingival insertion of a bladed instrument such as a curette, angulation should be as close to 0 degree as possible.

The BEST CRITERION to evaluate the success of SRP is NO BLEEDING ON PROBING (since BOP indicates active inflammatory periodontal disease).

 

96.  Sharpening: The angle between the blade face and stone is kept at 100-110°. When sharpening instruments with a flat stone, the angle between the instrument and stone is 100-110°.

When sharpening instruments, the ________ of the blade should be placed at a ______

angle to the sharpening stone. Choose Your Favorite: Working end, 90° – Bevel, 45° – Bevel, 90° – Working end, 45° / OPERATORY When sharpening an instrument, the bevel of the blade is placed at an angle of 45 degrees to the sharpening stone. This ensures maximum efficiency of the blade to sharpen the instrument.

MOST common reason for amalgam failure …preparation – The most frequent cause of failure of dental amalgam restorations is improper cavity design.

Common reason for failure of composite in posterior: LOW WEAR  RESISTANCE is the property of filled resins that is primarily to blame for the failure of Class II composite restorations. One of the most common causes of failure in posterior composite restorations is occlusal

Venner break down … How to fix back microetch, etch, silane, bonding

They asked u treatment plans on anterior teeth like PFM crown …. All ceramic

..composite

How water   contamination   affects   amalgam:    Amalgam    failure   >>  water contamination

DELAYED EXPANSION of amalgam restorations is associated with insufficient trituration & condensation, and amalgam contamination by moisture during trituration and condensation (MAIN cause of failures). If moisture is incorporated into an alloy that contains zinc, the water reacts with the zinc to produce hydrogen gas. The resulting pressure from the liberated gas produces severe expansion of the amalgam, causing amalgam to protrude from the cavity preparation, post-operative pain, and excessive corrosion. Amalgam’s compressive strength is greatly reduced when contaminated with moisture.

There was case on asthmatic pt: Two types of asthma exist (allergic asthma) the most common, and idiosyncratic asthma. Avoid using aspirin, NSAlDs, aspirin, barbiturates, narcotics, and erythromycin (if the patient is taking Theophylline). Corticosteroids treat asthma, Albuterol: b2 selective Administered orally or by inhalation. Primarily used in long- term treatment of obstructive airway diseases, emergency treatment of bronchospasm, or to delay premature delivery. Only EPI combines with 2 receptors to vasodilate bronchioles (treats asthma), skeletal muscle, uterus (relaxation), increase blood glucose (gluconeogenesis, glycogenelysis). NE usually combines weakly or not at all to b2 receptors. Nitrous oxide is SAFE to administer in asthmatics. Inhalation of a selective beta2-agonist (Terbutaline, Albuterol) is the preferred treatment for an acute asthmatic attack. Management of an Acute Asthmatic Episode during oral surgery: Terminate all dental treatment and position the patient in an erect or semi-erect position. Patient should administer their own bronchodilator using an inhaler. In most severe asthma attacks or when the patient’s bronchodilator is ineffective, EPI (O.3ml of a 1:1,000 dilution) can be injected 1M or SC. Administer oxygen and monitor vital signs.

Proximal retention of amalgam:

Axial wall depth. A, If no retention grooves needed, axial depth 0.2 mm inside

(internal to) dentinoenamel junction (DEJ). B, If retention grooves needed, axial depth

0.5 mm inside (internal to) DEJ. Retention form in class II amalgam preparation: Occlusal  convergence  of  buccal  and  lingual  walls  of  the  occlusal  and  proximal

 

extensions. Dovetail design of the occlusal outline, retention looks or grooves.

When placement of proximal retention locks in class II amalgam preparations is necessary, which of the following is not correct? A. One should not undermine the proximal enamel. B. One should not prepare locks entirely in the axial wall. Even if deeper than ideal, one should use the axial wall as a guide for proximal lock placement. D. One should place locks 0.2 mm inside the denti-noenamel junction (DEJ) to ensure that the proximal enamel is not undermined. Retention locks, when needed in class II amalgam preparations, should be placed entirely in dentin, not undermining the adjacent enamel. They are placed 0.2 mm internal to the DEJ, are deeper gingivally (0.4 mm) than occlusally (i.e., they fade out as they extend occlusally), and translate parallel to the DEJ. If the axial wall is deeper than normal, the retention lock is not placed at the axiofacial or axiolingual line angles, but rather is positioned 0.2 mm internal to the DEJ. If placed at the deeper location, it may result in pulp exposure, depending on the location of the axial wall depth.

There was a question regarding probing depth inc in inflammation: Bleeding: physiologically, bleeding from the gingival sulcus should not be caused by gentle Bleeding in the absence of local irritants may indicate a systemic disease. Bleeding is the most reliable indicator of gingival or periodontal inflammation.

The two MOST critical parameters for the prognosis of a periodontally involved tooth are ATTACHMENT LOSS (most critical) and tooth

Tooth #30, a probing pocket depth on the facial is 6mm, the free gingival margin is 2 mm apical to the CEJ. Attachment loss of this tooth? a. 6mm b. 2mm 8mm d. 4mm – To measure attachment loss use a periodontal probe from an established reference point (CEJ or restoration margin) for initial measurement. Probings are repeated after appropriate time intervals and any changes are noted (i.e. if a  probing depth is 4mm and recession is 3mm, total attachment loss = 7mm).

109.         Axial walls on onlay: For a cast onlay or inlay, ALL axial walls must be convergent or there will be an undercut (DD). For an MOD onlay preparation, axial walls must slightly converge from the gingival walls to the pulpal wall (for the same reason the onlay would not seat if the axial walls diverged).

From facial to lingual, the axiopulpal line angle of an onlay preparation is longer than the axiogingival line

The function of the direct retainer is to retain the removable partial denture by means of the Stabilization is provided by the minor connector. Support is provided by the rest. The indirect retainers improve the efficiency of the direct retainers. Direct retainers do not add strength to the major connector.

What can’t be used as retainers in FPD inlay, onlay, partial crown, full crown (ALL can be used!) – The use of inlays as bridge retainers has died out – mainly because a tooth that is suitable for an inlay would also be suitable for a resin-retained wing and therefore the conventional bridge would be

113.         Potassium sparing diuretic – Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic useful in treating edema and heart failure, is a com- petitive antagonist at the aldosterone receptor.

What do you often need to supplement with diuretics? Potassium

Which of  the  following  are  Potassium  sparing  Diuretics:  1-Spirinolactone   2- Triamterene, 3-Amiloride 4- all

Spironolactone and eplerenone. True antagonists of aldosterone. 2. Similar in

 

effects to amiloride and triamterene.

Which of the following drugs blocks the aldosterone receptor? Amiloride B. Triamterene C. Losartan D. Spironolactone E. Furosemide – Aldosterone antagonists: spironolactone, eplerenone. Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic useful in treating edema and heart failure, is a competitive antagonist at the aldosterone receptor.

The most important toxic effect of potassium sparing diuretics is: Hyperkalemia

Primary tooth with shortest occlusal table options were between max and mand molar: Greater convergence of the buccal and lingual walls results in a proportionately narrower occlusal table. This is more pronounced in the MAXILLARY FIRST PRIMARY MOLAR than second primary

Pt came back after a month with discolored margins what could be the reason?

discoloration due to leakage.

What opaque porcelain doesn’t do – Opaque porcelain must mask the dark oxide color and provide the porcelain-metal bond. Bond strength depends on good wetting of the metal surface. Masking must be accomplished with the minimum thickness of opaque—about 1 mm— leaving maximum space to develop a natural appearance with body and incisal porcelains. DD: The opaque is applied first to mask the metal and to give the restoration its basic shade.

Which layer of porcelain mask the dark oxide color? 1. Incisal 2. Body 3. Opaque –

Which layer of porcelain provides most Color or shade? 1. Opaque 2. Incisal Body

Body or dentin porcelain contains most of the color or shade and is used generally to build most of the crown. Incisal porcelain is the most translucent layer of porcelain. The restoration is bulked out (overcontoured) to compensate for the 20% shrinkage, which occurs during firing.

What is function of opaque porcelain EXCEPT a. mask metal framework to help come up with a base/stump shade c. for initial bond to metal d. to decrease contamination of additional porcelain with metal in ensuing firing and baking procedures.

Cusp involved in non working interference LUBL (inner inclines)

Function of post: the primary purpose of the post is to retain a core in a tooth with extensive loss of coronal Posts do not reinforce the tooth, but rather weaken it further by additional removal of dentin and by creating stress that predisposes to root fracture. Post preparation. The primary purpose of the post is to retain a core in a tooth with extensive loss of coronal structure. The need for a post is dictated by the amount of remaining coronal tooth structure. Posts do not reinforce the tooth but further weaken it by additional removal of dentin and by creating stress that predisposes to root fracture. At least 5 to 7 mm of remaining gutta-percha is recommended.

Why v record protusive relationship: A protrusive record registers the anterior- inferior condyle path at one particular point in the translatory movement of the condyles. Some clinicians use this type of record to determine the amount of space between maxillary and mandibular teeth or occlusal rims to maintain balanced occlusion throughout the mandibular functional range of movement when articulating Christensen’s phenomenon refers to the distal space created between the maxillary and mandibular occlusal surfaces of the occlusion rims of dentures when the mandible is protruded. It is caused by the downward and forward movement of the

 

condyles. BB – The purpose of making a record of protrusive relation is to register the condylar path and to adjust the condylar guides of the articulator so they equal the patient’s condylar paths. The mandible can protrude -10 mm. The protrusive record is probably the LEAST reproducible maxillomandibular record.

What is the purpose of making a record of protrusive relation and what function does it serve after it is made: A. To register the condylar path and to adjust the inclination of the incisal guidance. B. To aid in determining the freeway space and to adjust the inclination of the incisal guidance. To register the condylar path and to adjust the condylar guides of the articulator so that they are equivalent to the condylar paths of the patient. D. To aid in establishing the occlusal vertical dimension and to adjust the condylar guides of the articulator so that they  are  equivalent to the condylar paths of the patient.

After dpc place gic liner over caoh

They ask u to recognize class 123 relationship

Where to place retentive arm: The terminal end of the retentive arm is optimally placed in the middle of the gingival 1/3 of the clinical crown. However, it is acceptable to place it at the junction of the gingival and middle 1/3 of the clinical When the partial is completely seated, the retentive arm should be passive and applying no pressure on the teeth.

Undercut for co-cr retentive clasp arm is 0.75 mm B.0.5mm C.0.25 mm

Flexibility of the retentive clasp arm does not relate to: Length B. Cross section

Material D. Degree of taper E. Under cut area

In case history: mentioned pt is receiving fluoridated water …but having plaque

….in treatment options were like add more floride …floride gels …oral hygiene reinforcement.

They gave picture of condyles on panoramic and asked if pt have osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis…2 were more I forgot – Degenerative Joint Disease (Osteoarthritis)-organic degeneration of the TMJ’s articular

Football player use mouth guards, now he is having pain ..and he is not able to open jaw in the morning …I answered myofacial pain syndrome …there was arthritis also but I choose mps

There was questions on rubber dam holes I don’t remember exactly – The hole to be punched in the rubber dam for the tooth being restored should be facial to the normal alignment with the adjacent Highest chance of mikroleakage in rubber dam holes are too closed.

Abscess … penicillin vk. Treatment of the acute periodontal abscess is determined initially by whether there is localization of the abscess (if there is, drainage is the treatment). If the abscess is not localized, the patient is placed on antibiotics (Penicillin V) and instructed to rinse with warm Clindamycin can be used in penicillin allergic patients.

Composite with stains and pits ..but other wise intact …wat to do

Marginal stain on class 3 composite, how would u treat? REPAIR ?? or replace? – Its . marginal stain caused by microleakage.

40 y pt w/ all 32 teeth. No cavities. Has stain & catch in pit of molar. what do you do?

watch and observe b. sealant c. composite

Liquid in gic: The powder (calcium- aluminofluorosilicate glass) reacts with a liquid

(polyacrylic acid) to form a cement of glass particles surrounded by a matrix of

 

fluoride elements. Glass ionomer and polycarboxylate both contain polyarcylic acid.

143.         Color stability tegdma: tegdma inc color stability and dec viscosity produced by bisgma (BisGma has questionable color stability)

IRM (Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement) with PMM – Type III ZOE (Reinforced ZOE): a temporary filling material (lRM) and thermal insulating The powder is composed of zinc oxide and finely divided polymer particles (polymethyl- methacrylate) in the amount of 20-40% by weight. The zinc oxide powder is surface treated by an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid like propionic. Eugenol is the liquid. This combination of surface treatment + polymer reinforcement results in a material that has good strength and toughness which markedly improves abrasion resistance. Good for basing large and complex cavities as it withstands the pressure of amalgam condensation, with minimal effect on the pulp.

Chelation-a chemical phenomena common to zinc oxide-eugenol and polycarboxylate

The cement which has antibacterial property is: Glass informer cement. Copper oxide cement. Zinc Polycarboxylate cement. Zinc phosphate cement. Zinc oxide Eugenol

Not used for cast rest: irreversible impression material

Irreversible or reversible impression material

Safety valve of no allow 70 percent of nitrous oxide and 30 oxygen

Characterstics of autistic child: repetitive questions, repetitive

Cardiac arrest in children:

Most common reason for cardiac arrest in children – respiratory depression

Minimum anc count for surgery

154.         Minimum granulocyte count: Generally  accepted  reference  range  for  absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in adults is 1500 to 8000 cells per microliter (µl) of blood.

Topical antifungal options fluconazole clotrimazole miconazole griseofulvin –

Clotrimazole and miconazole used topically to treat candidiasis.

Does premedications required options were cardiac stent, heart murmurs, pt had knee replacement within 2years – High-Risk Patients with prosthetic joints for Hematogenous Total Joint Infection: ALL patients  during  the  first  2  years  after  joint

replacement require antibiotic premedication. If more than 2 years after prosthetic joint replacement pass with no complications, then premedication is NOT required.

MI within 6 :. Antibiotic prophylaxis given or not? DD: YES

Distance for lateral cephalometric: 4feets, 6 feets, 60 inches – The distance b/n x ray source and the mid-sagittal plane of patient is fixed at 5 feet(60 inches), 6 feet is the distance between operator and

Tooth removed socket tissue is examined ..they found lymphocyte neutophills, (granulocytes), and hemophiillc precursors …I answered leukemia

Tooth removed ..tissue is examined …they found inflammatory cells granulocyte etc …options were scar cyst granuloma

Pt had fracture and numbness on side on nose cheeks…fracture site floor of maxillary sinus roof of orvit ..medial wall of maxillary sinus …

A patient experiences numbness of the left upper lip, cheek, and the left side of the nose following a fracture of his midface. This symptom follows a fracture through the nasal bone. B. zygomatic arch. C. maxillary sinus. D. infraorbital rim.

Lower lip numbness is seen in what kind of mandibular fracture, ANGLE T/F (angle and body)

 

There were half radiolucencies line on ramis ..identify ..fracture , air space ,two options were more …

They can ask if the quality of x-ray is good or poor

Bacteria present in gingiva in ANUG when tissue is not necrosed ..that confuses me rods cocci spirochetes two options were more. Gingival crevices in ANUG show a predominance of fusobacteria and spirochetes. Treponema denticola, prevotella intermedia.  ACUTE   NECROTIZING   ULCERATIVE   GINGIVITIS   (ANUG)  –  also   called “Vincent’s infection” or “trench mouth” is a condition that presents pathognomic signs and Fusiforms, spirochetes, & Prevotella intermedia are involved in ANUG’s etiology. Treponema denticola is the intermediate-sized spirochete associated with ANUG. Histologically, deeper areas of the lesion contain a zone of spirochetal infection.

Pt is having asymptomatic brown macules on buccal mucosa – intradermal nevus

Common mole is – A- blue Nevus B- compound Nevus C- intradermal Nevus D- junctional Nevus

Most common nevus in oral cavity: intradermal, intramucosal, compound, blue.

Melanocyte  proliferation,   inc   melanin   deposition:   Increased   in   melanin- pigmentation seen in: (a) Albright’s syndrome (b) Addison’s disease (c) peutz jegher’s syndrome (d) All of the above

Heat sensitive instruments sterlised by wat ..they didn’t had ethylene oxide gas option …. But they had glutaraldehyde option …I’m not sure – Glutaraldehyde Advantages: most potent category of chemical germicide, capable of killing spores (after 10hrs), EPA registered as a chemical sterilant, and can be used on heat- sensitive

If prostaglandin is not there what will not happen …it confuses me alot ..antipyresis, dec blood flow to kidney , platelet inhibtion and last option I forgot – reduced platelet aggregation.

Antiepileptic is used in which condition: Carbamazepine (Tegretol) – TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA,  Diazepam  (Valium) –  agent  of  choice  to  reverse  status  epilepticus induced by a local anesthetic overdose, Ethosuximide (Zarontin) – the preferred drug for effectively treating absence seizures because it causes minimal sedation by BLOCKING  CALCIUM  CHANNELS.                                    Phenytoin  (Oilantin)  –  treats  tonic-clonic  (grand mal) seizures. The rate of gingival hyperplasia is diminished by proper oral hygiene. Phenytoin is the most extensively used of all anti-epileptics, Phenytoin-induced gingival hyperplasia is a common adverse effect, that may partially or completely obscure teeth crowns

From where v can get large piece of graft ilium , ribs two options were more – iliac crest

Least resistant to fracture …I ans high leucite I saw this question in group I’m not sure

Least resistant to fracture: a-pressed leucite b-feldspathic porcelain Leucite- reinforced ceramic c-Castable glass d-Glass-infiltrated alumina e- Leucite-reinforced ceramic

They ask how the position of mand foramrn shift relative to occlusal plane in kids –

infraocclusal

Antiviral for hsv cmv vzv = FOSCARNET (HSV, VZV, CMV)

Penciclovir (Denavir) – Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV- 1). It is a cream formulation indicated to treat recurrent herpes labialis (cold sores) in adults. This condition is

 

caused by HSV-l. Penciclovir is not available for systemic dosing. Acyclovir – inhibits viral DNA polymerase/viral DNA synthesis. Available in tablets and creams to treat HSV-1, HSV-2, & varicella zoster (chicken pox/shingles). Drug of Choice for HSV Encephalitis, genital herpes, herpes labialis (cold sores) & varicella-zoster virus. Valacyclovir (VALTREX)-PRODRUG of acyclovir given orally that is converted by 1st pass metabolism into acyclovir. Treats HSV1&2, genital herpes, cold sores (herpes labialis), &herpes varicella-zoster virus (shingles). Ganciclovir – inhibits viral DNA polymerase/viral DNA synthesis. Treats Cytomegalic Retinitis (CMV retinitis) & CMV prophylaxis in transplant patients (crosses BBB).

Bisphosphonates is not used in mutliple myeloma, Osteomyelitis, Metastatic cancer to bone from prostate and breast

Kidney transplant How to check it’s failure initially: Dec renin creatn increased uric acid

Patient with renal transplant Caine to you for treatment to prevent the dental caries. What treatment should be contraindicated in him A)application of pit and fissure sealent

flouride topical C)gic rest D)ttt with chlorhexidine

Patient has renal transplant, white non scapable lesion on the side of the tongue,

shaggy frayed: a-hyperplastic candida b-idiopathic leukoplakia c-lichen plan

d-hairy leukoplakia (shaggy frayed) appearance

Patient who has undergone kidney transplantation is at an increased risk of developing

A brown tumors B. Plasma cell gingivitis C erosive lichen planus D squamous cell carcinoma – Brown tumor is a rare complication of secondary hyperparathyroidism. It is exceptionally encountered after kidney transplantation.

Patient with kidney transplant needs prophy: Yes / no – No prophy but you cover with antibiotic after procedure since they have reduced

What ASA classification: someone who has DM, hepatitis C, hypertension, renal transplant 2 years A,ASA 3 B.ASA4 C.ASA5 D,ASA6

Drug conjugation – more ionic – Conjugation of drugs results in polar, water–soluble compounds that are rapidly excreted in urine. Thus, the parent drug is effectively rendered inactive and transported out of the body by this

Types of reactions involved in drug metabolism. a. Phase I reactions involve reactions such as oxidation, reduction, and b. Phase II reactions involve conjugation, in which a chemical substituent is added to the drug. The most common type of conjugation reaction is glucuronide conjugation.

In phase-II reaction in drug meabolism, the drug molecule is conjugated with —? 1- a base 2- an acid – acid (glucoronic acid) – decks

What contributes the most to a successful pulp capping ? a) exposure less than 0.75 mm

b) isolated field c) absence of bleeding d) use o

 

DAY 2:

Middle aged guy with kidney failure due to Lithium overdose. What pain drug is less expected to be nephrotoxic? Aspirin, Ibuprophen, Oxycodone, one more

Why do we need ruler in lateral cephalogram? For magnification – scale Calibration ruler for magnification correction. Ruler to standardize the magnification rate

of radiographs.

In removal of palatine tori which structure can be damaged? Greater palatine artery

10 y.o girl, with good OH, no caries but a child of divorced parents. How would you rate her caries risk? Low, Middle, High – I took middle, because social history is super important

Q. about that 10 y.o child case, where upper canines were closely to errupt, but primary canines were still there. They asked about the radiolucency that surrounded the erupting teeth. Options were different kinds of cysts and tumors. – I took eruption cyst.. I don’t know

Hispanic guy, no insurance, needs tx. If you extract tooth 14, what is the most expected complication? The tooth had RCT and a very big amalgam fllg: Sinus perforation, Ridge fracture, Tooth fracture, Bleeding

1156. Pat. Allergic to sulfa, which meds. Are contraindicated? Next antibiotics:

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Septra, Bactrim), Erythromycin-sulfisoxazole, Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), used to treat Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Dapsone, used to treat leprosy, dermatitis and certain types of pneumonia

Middle aged Pat. With an one-tooth gap. If you want to close it orthodontically, what will you expect? No bodily movement of the teeth, Rotation mesio-facially, Rotation mesio-lingually, one more – I chose b

A Q. about two small radioopacities in the bone where MD M1 was missing. There were options about Odontogenic tumors, Root rests, Focal idiopathic osteosclerosis.

Some simple easy questions on identifying structures on x-ray.

Also Qs on diagnostics of teeth on x-ray, if it is a proximal caries or burnout. – If it is on every tooth, it is most likely to be burnout!

1161.	Qs about restorations on xray.
1162.	Q on that child case which bite relationship it has. Distal, Mesial, End-to-end
1163.	Test for kidney failure – creatinine
1164.	Q on except for the 3molar incisor.
1165.	How many teeth was the child missing.
1166.	Q on RCT of a central maxillary incisor. What is true? I chose it will be difficult

compared to a normal case, because canal was really obliterated.

Which tooth would most likely need a RCT when observing the xray? Easy!

Pat. Bites down on his maxillary M1, which already had a super big amalgam filling, and breaks off one of the cusps supragingivally. What tx.? – PFM

On xray, opacity apical of a RC treated tooth. What could it be? Looked like

sealer.

Pat. Has very strange bite, posterior crossbite, Class 2 relationship on the molars, but almost perfect overbite. What is the most likely cause? I chose something with the Canines. I forgot 😀

 

How to treat his posterior cross bite?

Hyrax appliance (banded type)—for skeletal expansion, this is the most commonly used type of rapid palatal expansion/rapid maxillary expansion appliance. Haas appliance: However, difficulty in maintaining hygiene and possible inflammation of

the palate are considered disadvantages by some clinicians. Hawley-type removable appliance with a jackscrew— for skeletal or dental expansion, this appliance may be used to correct mild posterior crossbites in children  and  young  adolescents.  Quad-  helix and W-arch—generally for dental expansion, these appliances consist of heavy

stainless steel wire with four (quad-helix) or three (W-arch) helices that are incorporated to increase the range and flexibility.

Female pat. Wants all her teeth extracted, although they don’t look as bad. Qs.

About what tx. Is appropriate.

That 10 y.o girl had a very strange bite, with a skeletal midline deviation to the left.

They ask about the cause.

On a lateral cephalogramm of the 10 y.o girl what is the radiolopacity that  crosses her posterior teeth? Maxillary sinus, Orbita, Zygomatic arch, Palatine process of maxilla.

Hispanic Pat, without insurance. Missing teeth, needs tx. What is the least tx indicated? I chose sinus lift

Qs about that 10 y.o girl who was asmathic. Meds.

Old pat., heavy smoker with white patch on lip? Hyperkeratosis due to smoking. 1178. How to biopsy that hyperkeratosis? incisional

Pat. With leukoplakia on lower side of the tongue. How to biopsy that? – In all cases, leukoplakia must be completely excised since diagnosis cannot be made clinically (DD)

What structure can be damaged while biopsying the lower side of the tongue?

Medial to the hyoglossus: lingual artery, lateral to hyoglossus: submandibular duct, lingual nerve, lingual vein, hypoglossal nerve.

Pat. With HTN. Taking various meds. Long list. Lisinopril, Beta-bloker among those. Which ones lowers his BP. – Lisinopril: ACE inhibitors, “inhibit” the conversion of inactive Angiotensin I Angiotensin II (a vasoconstrictor). This causes peripheral vasodilation and secondarily increases urinary volume excretion. Both actions cause reduced BP.

Easy Q on tx. Of a RCT tooth with a big amalgam fllg.

Elderly pat. With a super old bridge on lower back teeth. Has sensitivity when drinking cold drinks. Which tooth most likely to be the reason? The bridge had 3 abutment teeth. On the x-ray one tooth he had a post, another one had a big radiolucency and to me it looked dead! 😀 So, it was the only molar, which looked normal to me with a little subgingival calculus. So, I picked that!

Pat. Taking antidepresants. Having heavy bruxism. What is least likely to do to treat him. All options were correct, except the one saying to lower his medication! 😀

Pat. With pigmentation above maxillary lateral incisor. What could that be and how would you biopsy that? – I took excisional, because it was small! Probably 3:3mm 1186. A Q. about that elderly apt. taking various med. Including Aspirin 81mg. Would

you stop Aspirin before SRP? NO

Middle aged woman who wanted all her teeth pulled out, had a radiolucency in the canal of an endo treated upper canine. What could that be? Radiolucency in      the canal, guys! It was something with endo access and too much removal of guttapercha

 

Another Q about her, showing a lateral upper incisor with post and crown, asking how that post looks on the x-ray. Too narrow, too long, too wide, too short

Another Q about her. She had multiple fractured teeth, which were all previously endo treated. Why does her oral situation looks like that. All except question. I took external tooth trauma.

Q. about that depressed guy, and his Amitriptyline med.

Tricyclic antidepressants are very likely to cause xerostomia. Amitriptyline is especially potent in this regard. (Mosby) The most common CNS adverse reaction is DROWSINESS. Anti-cholinergic adverse effects are dry mouth (xerostomia), constipation, blurred vision, and tachycardia. Drug-induced xerostomia must be treated palliatively with artificial salivary substitutes. – BB

EPI  (vasoconstrictor)  in  local  anesthetic  injections  must  be  used  cautiously  in  patients taking tricyclic antidepressants (Le. Elavil), Serotonin & NE reuptake inhibitors (Le. Effexor) to avoid transient and significant increases in blood pressure. These antidepressants greatly increase NE levels in tissues. In the presence of a vasoconstrictor  administered  via  a  local  anesthetic  injection,  the  patient  can experience a significant elevation of blood pressure due to the vasopressor actions of the combination. – BB

Case Q, on picture it is obvious Class I relationship of 1st molars (MB cusp of upper 1st molar occludes mesial buccal groove of 1st mand molar)…answered Class I, but later there was another Q saying that on cephalometrics pt has ANB=6…so what are we supposed to do? Go back and change previous answer to Class II instead of Class I? – SKELETAL  CLASS  2  with  dental  class  1  (teeth  may  compensate  for  dental disharmony) – SKELETAL CLASS 2, DENTAL CLASS 1

Case Q, on picture there is a very deep overbite (upper incisors covered 2/3 of lower incisors), but canines position looked Class I (cusp of upper canine occludes in between lower canine and premolar) , and Q asked looking at anterior teeth what Class this pt has? Class I, Class II – Class ll…..if anterior looks like cls 2 div 2 along with deep bite +class 1 molar or canine relation termed as DECKBISS

Case Q: On x-ray, there is max lat incisor with RCT done and crown, periapical RL (looks like old RL 4 mm) and within RL RO in the middle…Q asked what was that: hypercementosis? – need options

Same Pt had this max upper lat inc and 1 st molar only left on that side. Pt Decided to do RPD.

Because of the absence of canine it affects this lat inc long T/F

Because this upper denture has no vertical stop with mandible on that side it affects this upper lat inc long T/F

Another pt has mild crowding in lower ant teeth, narrow arch, no crowding in maxilla, but narrow arch, very little overbite (like 1mm), long face…Q asked she expected to have all, except: dolicho face, deviated septum, insufficient lips, obtuse nasolabial angle, one more option….(maybe related to vertical occlusion ) – It can’t be obtuse angle because of the flarring of teeth

Pt has mand premolar and edentulous posterior to it. What you won’t place on it restoring the space: distal rest  with  a  buccal  retentive  clasp, mesial rest with bar placed on facial mesially, mesial rest with bar placed on center of tooth, one more option not significant I ruled out.

Pt is scared, nervous, delays your appointments, comes to the office but does not open up to you, pt is very dissatisfied by previous treatments, several ways of

 

describing a number of scenarios and a number of way pt talks to you, how will you respond to him/her? How will you bring his/her concerns to you? What is the first thing to do? Etc, almost 20-25 questions only on this basis

You are doing a wheel chair transfer, which of the following will you not do? Sliding method or scrolling method something I forgot exactly what it was, but other options were obvious to do, I chose not to use the belt of the pt.

Pregnant pt, 2-5 questions. When is the best time to treat her? Best time 2 nd trimester during pregnancy. What meds can u give her or not? acetaminophen you can. What is most likely to lead her present with a syncope? pressure on IVC

Old pt, 84 yo, what is your primary concern? Talk to him as politely and simple language as u can, involve him in his decisions for tx plan, involve a guardian in his tx plans, etc

Stubborn pt, comes in coz of dissatisfaction of his previous several dentists. Despite of so many changes he still seeks for better prosthesis, what makes u determine if he will be satisfied by your tx or not? Several verbal communications in options, I chose the most affirmative and agreeing to what the pt was saying, to build rapport and form of trust is most imp (somewhere around that).

Pt on anti hypertensive drugs, anti diabetic drugs, some numerical readings,

looked normal to me so I chose to proceed with the tx

Pt on no significant med history, past history of some surgeries, blood pressure comes out to be a little high, what will you do next? Call his physician, ask him if he is okay, schedule him for a recall, measure BP after 15 mins and see what comes up

1204. Pt has AIDS, his viral load is 1,000, T-cell count is 30, what will be your inference? His viral load is too high and he is on no condition to get tx, he has no problems taking any tx, his T-cell count is too low and that might put him at a risk of infection

AIDS pt in first stage. Which of the following will you notice? He is highly infectious, he is moderately infectious, he is symptomless in this stage, he will show up with opportunistic infections

Pt on coumarin, what lab test will you look for? PT

Malignancies to the oral cavity from the rest of the body are most likey to end up in which region? I said floor of the mouth, others were bony landmarks and side of tongue and corner of lip.

Which equipments in the dental health clinic will need a signed something? UV light, halogen light, lasers, high speed hand pieces

Pt comes in with signs of physical assault, whom shall u contact first? Police or concerned local committees or something like that, talk to pts guardian or do nothing 1210. Denture wearing pt has pink raised lesions on the palate, what can it be? Epulis,

fibroma, papillary hyperplasia, etc

Tori on upper palate, extending to the post palatal seal, what decides whether you remove it or not? Tori extension affecting the stability of the denture, undercuts affecting the retention of the denture, size of tori – If it extend to posterior palatal seal means affects retention, answer b

Ortho forces applied, what is least likely to happen? Differentiation of cells due to chemical influences in the pdl, zones of oxygen tension and oxygen deficit are created, changes in pdl blood supply, changes in pulpal response or something like that. (Application of orthodontic forces will provoke a haemodynamic response in the pulp).

 

Pt comes to you with a catheter, which fo the following will facilitate your tx? Ask the pt to remove the cath, you remove the cath, leave it as it is and take detailed history again, some other options I don’t remember

Drugs not to give to a pregnant lady, NO N2O and tetra or BDZ in option, so know all

 

Pt only visit dental office for emergency treatment, all will help him to change his behaviour into routine check ups instead of emergency visits only by dentist Except– positive reinforcement, operant conditioning, educate the patient, give him knowledge regarding oral hygiene maintaince ( something like that) – Reinforcement

means behavior increases, we don’t want that.

Pedo, 1 was routine examination but found caries and what was tx for each tooth, about his behavior and patient management, simple stuff,  space  maintenance, number of permanent teeth seen on pano. She had a shunt placed some years ago, but no questions in that significance I saw. His pano had a oval radiolucency near the condyle on both the sides , asked for what it was and options were all anatomical landmarks like external auditory meatus or transverse canal etc

Pedo, 2 was a girl with class 3 in primary teeth, although intraoral pics didn’t show primary 2Ms, but anterior were edge to edge so look for stuff like that to answer the questions. She lost a lot of space, they asked me the cause of space loss, and space management, not space maintenance, so look for small words in the questions to

 

answer wisely, asked me her facial profile, her oral hyhient practices were prro, how to motivate her? Voice control, negative or positive reinforcement, etc. again simple

Adult-1 was a man with mand tori identification on pano, with no significant med history but takes bisphosphonates, so everything went in that direction, for how would you modify your plans, not much hard or any new questions

Adult-2 lady, had ortho done when she was teenager, now has upper front teeth lost, she is about 40’s now, reason for spaces, she had chelitis angularis, reason to that, and she had facia palsy, what would you tell the pt about the prognosis of this long term disease? Simple prostho management, placement of clasps, materials to be used, some teeth look likt their restorations are old, what will you treat these teeth with? This one was a little confusing coz her radiographs and no. of teeth seen on xrays didn’t match her clinical teeth, but was manageable coz didn’t ask me  anything about that doubtful quadrant.

Adult-3, 50 up pt, she had trauma some time ago and lower 3 teeth were discplored, upper right CI was RCt, apicectomy treated and she also had tori, but almost all teeth present, what will you do about the tori, what about the fractured crown, redo or repair, the upper CI periapical lesion did not heal in 2 years what can it be? And how to treat it? And other were simple RCT bleaching and crowns questions

Adult-4, young lady with regular dental tx, on OCP, what meds not to prescribe, and she had a palatal lesion, they asked me differentials, she had unknown swellings in mand right post, vital teeth, differentials asked, extracted the third molar but cant resolve the lesion, was OKC, coz microscopy said they found epithelial cells and inflammatory cells, other regular questions on pdl management phases, she had Hep A treated previously, what should u keep in mind, I said it is not a blood borne disease, other things looked irrelevant, and if any special care or precautions needed etc

Adult-5, 90 something year old man comes with his son as guardian, he has had tube ligation done, some anti hypertensive tx, several teeth missing, mand psot ridge knife edge, he thinks his dentures doesn’t fit any more, stuff about his prostho tx, but he had this one radiopacity between two teeth, asked for dx I probably wrote idiopathic osteosclerosis or something, but check this one!

Adult-6, pt with very very poot OH, and retained root pieces, 3M present but no first or second molars in some places, lower both 3M were semi-impacted and mesioangulated, he had ameloblastoma, he had this drug for depression, for allergies, etc, and his treatment was based on early, and late treatment plans, kinds of prostho tx, clasps, crowns, materials of choice, etc

Case 1 A lady of 50s..black pigment on palate.

which black pigment is not present in oral caivty

a)  Lentigo

other IDK

LENTIGO MALIGNA à usually occurs in the elderly. It is most common in sun damaged  skin on the face, neck, and arms (Hutchinson freckle).

 

Pt has some non- painful, hard, movable swelling in the floor of the mouth (pic shown) pt is not aware about it: a) Sialolith b) Lymphoepithelial cyst c) Ranula

Pt has some non-painful lesion in 2nd molar Pt is not aware of the lesion. I could have which of the following D/D any but NOT

Radicular cyst

 

b) Lateral periodontal cyst

Periapical cyst (tooth non vital, may be sensitive to percussion)

O Keratocyst – Multiple lesions found in children may be a component of the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome). THE CHIEF SITE OF INVOLVEMENT IS THE MANDIBLE IN THE POSTERIOR  BODY  AND  ASCENDING  RAMUS.  Often  associated with impacted tooth. Tendency to grow in an anterior-posterior direction without bony expansion.

CASE 2: A child with missing lower right 2nd primary molar…

Space loss is due to mesial & distal drifting of both ant & post teeth

what kind of occlusion option

class 1 on left class 2 right

b)  class 1 on left class 3 on right

class 3 one left class 1 on right

Where does the chronic abscess seen in primary teeth

a)  Furcation

Periapical

other options

How to maintain the space for the missing 2nd primary molar with drifting of two adjacent teeth – My ans was we cannot as space is lost, we need space regainer its an ASDA ques

CASE 3: Another child case I don’t remember finding

1) pt has multiple class 1 caries what filling – I picked Amalgam over other as amalgam is preferred by the boards other reason composite has C factor and GiC has less  strength

CASE 4: elderly male 40 pack year cigarette smoking history with multiple drugs like gastric bypass, hypertension, other options

What can change this pt to stop the habbit (it had some rubbish options indirectly prompting us to say that he will not quit habbit without dentist motivation)

a) Self motivation through behavior education

Behaviour of the society can be modified by

Surveying

Study conduction

CASE 5: pt with upper and lower few teeth. Pt has financial restriction

How to raise his occlusion

a)  by fabrication of upper complete denture

Case on Management of transient ischemic attack- read the drugs – antiplatelet agents are recommended over anticoagulants to reduce risk. Combining aspirin with dipyridamole is suggested over aspirin alone. Clopidogrel is a reasonable substitute for people allergic to aspirin. A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of

neurologic dysfunction caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) – either focal brain, spinal cord, or retinal – without infarction (tissue death). TIAs have the same underlying cause as strokes: a disruption of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Symptoms caused by a TIA resolve in 24 hours or less. Antiplatelet medications such as aspirin are generally recommended. They reduce the overall risk of recurrence by 13% with greater benefit early on. The initial treatment is aspirin, second-line is clopidogrel (Plavix), third-line is ticlopidine.  If  TIAs  recur  after  aspirin  treatment,  the  combination  of  aspirin  and dipyridamole may be recommended. Some people may also be given modified- release  dipyridamole  or  clopidogrel.  An  electrocardiogram  (ECG)  may  show atrial

 

fibrillation, a common cause of TIAs, or other abnormal heart rhythms that may cause embolization to the brain. An echocardiogram is useful in detecting a blood  clot  within the heart chambers. Such people may benefit from  anticoagulation medications such as heparin and warfarin.

Case 1) 11 years old, kidney dialysis for 10 years and got transplant 1 year ago. He had Hodgkin lymphoma 5 years ago, mitral valve and regurgitation. He is taking lot of complex medicines I don’t rem the name. RG and clinical pictures show he has amelogenisis imperfecta

All are immunocompromised drugs except: know all immunocompromised names and corticosteroids: Glucocorticoid, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, prednisone, (triamcinolone, beclomethasone, budesonide, flunisolide) these are inhaled corticosetetiod for astham treat. Other immunosuppresive, cyclosporin, azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclophosamide

What drug can cause amelogenisis imperfecta? tetracycline

why his third molars are missing? he is 11 year still third molar not erupted

Bilateral radioopacity in mandible whats the dx?

in a Rg canine was short in length whats the dx? AI, DI, Dentin dysplasia

does he need Ab before procedures? no need to antibiotic

why he has gingival enlargement? He was taking cyclosporine too, cyclisporine lead to gingival enlargment

 

Case2) 14 years old, all 4 canines erupted buccally and has pigmented macules on her cheek, asthmatic taking albuterol

albuterol can cause all except? I put increased salivary secretion

small white lesions on palate? Cause of inhaler its candidiasis

is nitrous oxide is contraindicated? NO

Will you explain the whole ortho tx to her parents and post complications like she may need gingival grafts? YES

The reason of pigmentation on her cheek? Proliferation of melanocites, proli of basement cells, deposition of melanin or foreign body

will ectopically canine resorb #7 roots – YES

Anb 6, class 1, 2, 3?

Clinicall picture what class, it was class 1

Features of her face has everything except? I put incompetent lips, her lips looked fine to me

Pt has all canines erupted ectopic, but the rest of occlusion looks fine, what should be done: Expansion of both jaws to place canines, extract canines and leave premolars on place , extract premolars and with fixed ortho move canines on their place

If she decided to extract premolars what forceps not to used?

-151 -150 -23 -286

There was a q about the profile? It was convex depending in the photograph 1235. Another q asking what is the preventive treatment for this patient

-sealant for #3,14, 19, 30 -encourage the patient to use brushing and dental floss

-use mouth wash -one more option

What is the most costly to do to prevent declassification around the braces

-varnish every 6 month

-scaling every 3 month

 

-daily systemic supplement

-using mouthwash

Another q asking what is the treatment of choice for tooth #19 if it is already catch the prob during examination

-compsite filling

-sealant

-no treatment

 

Case3, 45 years male, 2 pack smoke a day, dry mouth, lot of carious teeth, went successful rehab for bad alcohol habits, seems he doesn’t drink now

Q1) will you prescribe Acetaminophen/oxycodone in this patient? I put no

Q2) missing canine will make max rpd compromised? YES

If you use #7 in rpd will it compromise the tooth? Yes cause no posterior teeth and no canine

Rg picture shows tori in maxilla and mandible both

2*3 radioopacity on LI which has RCT on it, is it hypercementosis and will you biopsy it

There was a photo here showing the patient has preparation about 0.5 from facial and incisal and a q ask about what type of restoration the patient lost

-crown

-Veneer

-composite

Case 4) middle age female, smokes daily and she is fed up from falling restorations evrytime and she wants to extract her all teeth, psoriasis in hands and feet

Q  1) by doing what patient want, is conflict bw  what two, autonomy, justice, nonm, bene? autonomy, nonmalficiency

Q2) treatment options for her?

Q3) what clasp will you give in max RPD if you class II kennedy – RPI

Q4) why you can see condyles in PAN, bilateral fracture, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis?

Q5) radiolunceny in bw 8 and 9 it was incisive foramen?

Q6) if you want her to quit smoking the day of extraction would be the quit date and you

give Chantix 1 week beore the quit date? T

7) some consent Qs

An Old woman with Parkinson Disease came to the clinic with her hus-band. She had distal caries on maxillary molar.

Out of all the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease which symptom is not important to dental treatment?

A.  Rapid Eye blinking

Tremor

Muscle rigidity

Loss of Automatic Movements

While working, the patient moved, and the dentist injured her near the cheek. Which artery was injured and caused bleeding?

A.  Buccal artery of maxillary artery

Labial artery of ECA

Facial artery of ECA

What is the first important thing to do after the patient starts to bleed?

A.  Stop bleeding

 

Call an oral surgeon

Call her

Inform patient

 

A 32 years old lady with cervical neoplasia comes to your clinic for ulcers on one side of her palate. Drug history of taking oral contraceptives.

Action of  Oral  contraceptives?  Oral  Contraceptives:  Ovulation  is  inhibited  by suppression of FSH and

A.  Dec. Lh

Inc Lh

Inc Fsh

D.  Dec. Fsh

What could be the cause of the ulcer

CMV

EBV

C.  HPV

Patient is most likely to have which neoplasia

HIV

B. Cervical cancer

Rubeola

What can be done for diagnosis of this viral disease except?

Saliva examination

Examination of fluid from vesicles

C.    Oral examination

Epithelium of this ulcer

Cases with asthma women. She takes albuterol. What can she has: xerostomia.

She had an attack what can you give her, choose three a.epinephrine

b.oxygen c.steroids

beta2 agonist

Reason of asthma- read about that – constriction of brionchole. And inflammation of brionchole. Read it – it was q about true or false. What happens in asthmatic bronchiole – constrict.

One q was a patient broke his tooth – max 1 pm. He had excellent hygiene. Tooth broke 2 mm under the gingiva. It has big amalgam filling. What you do:

a.extraction and prosthesis

b. RCT and post and crown.

c.temporary filling and observe

splint this crown to the tooth

Many q about cases like: what you will do in this patient with his tooth 14 – decay – tret, don’t tret, observe.

Pic of decay and you should recognazie it in the rvg or pic.

Orthokeratinised

Parakeratinised

Nonkeratinised

 

Case with the man with allergy to penicyline and clindamycine..He had a joint replacement . He doesn’t need prophy for that.

Q was if he need prophy for treatment what you give him – Azitomycin

He has terrible pain in the face. During the night too. It lasts 5 sec. It comes and go away.

What is it a.acute sinuses sinues b.tooth ache c. Neuralgia – ans

Case with 5 years old girl

She had all first molars and erupting max central. Second central incisors – had accident and was avulsed.

What you do with concussion

extract

b. observe and control max central

splint

Q about her age. Is her dental age;

a.   the same as bone age

elder tooth age than bone age

younger ………………

it can’t be connected

She had dark changes in her gingiva;

a.   racial changes sth like this – ans

Peutz jegher syndrome

Q about sth on her gingiva above her central incisor.

It was sinus tract. Because of her accident 3 mouth earlier.

She has lateral crossbite – how to treat it. – maxillary expansion

Can you give her for daily use CHX – T/F

You should show her and her parent how to brush T/F

1245. Man with hyperlipidemia. Triglyceride is high. What do you suspect: metabolic

Metabolic syndrome can cause cancer of all except one:

a.   thyroid

colon

renal

sth The same q as in group.

1246. Treatment of  this  patient:  Initial  therapy  (OHIs  –  SRP  –  Caries  control  –  crown lengthening)

Man smoking. He had also rheumatoid disease. He has hypertension. Tekes Propranolol. Is taking Chantix. What he can have: xerostomia, dysguesia.

Which drug causes dry mouth – Chantix

You give him LA with epi – what happened – blood pressure elevated

It doesn’t work – what else can you give him:

bupropion Zyban

nasal spray

nicotine gum

Which ASA classification he is – class II. RA (ASA classification) II Picture of mucosa in lower lip – hyperthrofia

Sequence of tx plan (emergency – caries control – reevalute – definitive treatment – maintenance ) ECRDM

Pic of amalgam filling:

corrosion

 

bad condensation

bad trituration

Gingival tattoo

Children with cleft palte – class III malocclusion. Pano and cephalo. Given SNB – 73 and ANB -2 what angle class is it.

There is an arrow in the pano of hyoid bone and q is show where is hyoid bone on the cephalo. There where 4 arrows and you should mark it. Was B 😉

Picture of this child 11 years old, Maxilary central ok but lateral in crossbite. Sth like this.

How to treat – maxillary expander?

Patient had lateral crossbite – why – maxilla to small and lateral shift to the right side.

What to do with teeth S – teeth was ok, let it don’t treat but observe Profile of this child in cephalo

How many teeth is missing – you shoul count it. Had also some supranumerary – count them. Can’t implant in cleft palate.

Tooth is painful – mand first molar. What to do:

extract – ans

pulpotomy

don’t do anything What you will d

Obese man with hypertension – 190/110 Didn’t treat it. Haven’t been in doctor 10 years. No medicaments. He is going to the restroom 2 per night.

What do you suspect – diabetes type II

MOA of sulforynoureas.

What is the first think you will do to treat this patient:

caries

perio

Extractions

D. Refer to the physicans

What contribute to the future risk of caries in this patient, exept one, which one:

bad oral hygiene

b. many sweets and bad diet (AMOUNT)

not having dental appointment

past caries and current caries

changes in saliva

Many q the same as in day 1. I have cases about:

1.Child with ADHD, What is he taking – amphetamine. He can’t sleep and eat because of this treatment.

He had insomnia, why – amphetamine (indirect acting symphatomimetic) Not to many things during one appointment.

Don’t use tell show do. – F, we use it.

ADHD is most common with: males not female Read patient management about ADHD children

Q about if you can give child with ampfo NO. Or should you lower the dose of amphetamine. No need to adjust dose

 

Day 2 is tougher than day 1. Read a lot about drug interactions with epi.

Bisphosphonates anti hypertensive drugs.

One case i got about 8yr 7 months child with supernumerary anterior teeth. Patient had class 2 skeletal and class dental malocclusion due to missing canine teeth.

Questions were. Extracting the supernumerary tooth when 1266. When to start ortho treatment for anterior cross bite

How to correct patients molar relationship which were in dental class 2 malocclusion.

SNA was 87 and SNB 82- what will we call 1) mandibular protrusion 2) maxillary protrusiom 3) mandibular retrusion 4) maxillary retrusion.

This case really frustrated me up.

patient had Hep A 20 years ago what lab test you need? Correct answer :

nothing ! We don’t care about his hep A 20 years ago !

 

 

 

EXTRA INFO REGARDING TIME AND BREAKS :

Day 1 exam has 2 session of 3:30 min..100 ques 15 min break 100 ques 30 min break…100 ques 15 min break …100 ques and done

Day 2 exam has 57-67 ques 15 min break…..47 ques done…

You cannot go back to any of ques once you finish those ques…Good luck to every one will post more if I remember anything else…

I had 9 case 5 case before break with about 52 ques… 4 case after break with about 48

ques